scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Its Relationship with the Performance of Diploid Potato Hybrids

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Paz ◽  
R.E. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Better Than

RAPD analysis was conducted on in vitro plantlets of Solanum phureja Juz. & Buk. monoploids and diploid heterozygous pollinators. Among 60 decamer primers screened, 11 did not show polymorphism while some primers produced complex banding patterns or faint bands that were difficult to score. Genetic distance estimates were based on 151 polymorphic RAPD markers of 208 bands scored using 33 primers. Simple matching and Jaccard coefficients were calculated to estimate genetic similarity (GS). Genetic distance (GD=1-GS) among genotypes ranged from 0.0 to 0.664. Cluster analysis yielded groups of genotypes that were consistent with known genomic compositions or genetic relationships inferred from their pedigree. Field evaluation of 14 F1 families resulting from five S. phureja doubled monoploids (DMs) crossed to three heterozygous pollinators (IDs) revealed significant differences in total tuber number, total tuber yield, average tuber mass, and vigor. Total tuber yield per family ranged from 174 to 404 g per plant and was significantly lower than the control `Kennebec'. The general combining ability of DM BARD 13-14/202 was superior to other DM parents. Specific combining ability was observed in progeny of AD2-4/3s.8 H ID 4. Among male parents, ID 8 performed better than ID 4 or ID 5. Using simple matching, the largest parental genetic distance was always associated with the highest total tuber yield among progenies of DM parents. A similar trend was obtained using Jaccard coefficients. Based on our results, RAPD markers may facilitate the identification of diverse parents to maximize the expression of heterosis in S. phureja hybrids.

Identification and assessment of genetic relationships in three Chlorophytum species and two high yielding genotypes of C. borivilianum through RAPD markers

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Tarun Patel ◽  
K. Geetha ◽  
Satyabrata Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractConservation of identified germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Since Chlorophytum species are important medicinal plants, studies were carried out for identification and establish genetic relationships in three species of Chlorophytum and two high yielding genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum using RAPD markers. Out of one hundred primers tested, 47 decamers amplified a total of 454 distinct bands ranging from 0.25–3.0 kbp to identify and to evaluate genetic relationships between and among three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum. The cluster analysis indicated that three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes (NRCCB-1 and NRCCB-2) of C. borivilianum formed two major clusters. The first major cluster constituted C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum, and the second major cluster composed of two subclusters; the first subcluster represented NRCB-1 and NRCB-2 where as the second subcluster represented C. borivilianum. Thus, the RAPD markers have the potential for identification and characterization of genetic relatedness among the species and genotypes. C. borivilianum along with two genotypes also showed similar banding patterns which could be chosen as candidate markers for differentiating the other two species such as C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum. This would helpful for breeding programmes and provides an important input in conservation biology.

scholarly journals GENETIC FINGERPRINTING OF SNAP BEAN CULTIVARS WITH RAPD MARKERS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 573g-574
Author(s):  
Paul Skroch ◽  
Jim Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The genetic variation in a population of one hundred Snap Bean varieties, including processing and garden types, was studied using RAPD markers. All one hundred genotypes were distinguished by unique combinations of banding patterns. These unique “fingerprints” were tested for repeatability. Certain bands were very reliable and can be used for varietal identification. The RAPD marker data was also used to estimate genetic relationships among a subset of the one hundred lines. The results of the analysis agreed with known pedigree information. These markers will allow more precise monitering and control of germplasm by those who are involved with the breeding and production of superior seed.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis of tuber yield and related traits in potatoes

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Bahram Dehdar ◽  
Saleh Amiri ◽  
Bahman Panahi ◽  
Reza Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tuber Skin ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Size Uniformity ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Eye Depth

In potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. 2n=4x=48) both the general combining ability (GCA) effects of parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of crosses are important in conditioning traits of economic importance. The objective of this study was to determine the combining abilities for tuber yield and its components on seven high-yielding commercial cultivars of potato and advanced potato clones. Significant differences were found between the parents in the all of traits that are associated with high genetic diversity between parents. GCA for tuber form, length of stolon and number of tuber per plant were high and for stem height, tuber skin appearance and eye dept were low. Heritability estimated from 49 percent in the number of stem to 84 percent in tuber skin appearance. Both heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean estimates were high for tuber yield, tuber form, length of stolon, tuber size, and number of tuber per plant and tuber size uniformity. AS10, AS12, AS14 and UT43 clones was best general combiner for the tuber yield, tuber size uniformity, eye depth, tuber dry matter and length of stolon. The SCA effects were the highest in the cross Savalan?UT43, Luca?AS20, Stbr2?Savalan and Picasso?HS in the traits were considered. Savalan and UT43 parents used in the crosses also have high GCA in studied traits. Finally results showed that Savalan, UT43, AS10, AS12 and AS14 in the studied traits was the high GCA and better than other parents.

scholarly journals Hydroponic Minituber Production in Growth Room Conditions and Carry-Over Effects of the Technique on Produced Minitubers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Virtanen ◽  
Jussi Tuomisto
Keyword(s):  
Night Time ◽  
Van Gogh ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Foliage Development ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
Better Than

<p>The production of minitubers was implemented with a hydroponic technique in growth rooms and the carry-over effects of the technique on the characteristics of minitubers were studied. As a comparison, minitubers from in vitro plantlets were grown in a peat-based growing medium. The results show that hydroponic production of minitubers is successful in indoor conditions with the cultivars Desiree, Van Gogh and Asterix, when day-time growing temperatures of 19.4 <sup>o</sup>C-26.0 <sup>o</sup>C and night-time temperatures of 17.5 <sup>o</sup>C-22.6 <sup>o</sup>C were used. Photosynthetically active illumination was adequate at 2383-2509 umol m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>; lighting conditions consisted of 14/10-hour day/night cycles.</p><p>The cultivars Desiree and Van Gogh developed their first tuber three weeks faster than Asterix, and the minituber yield was 4.5 per plant for Desiree, 7.5 for Van Gogh and 4.0 for Asterix. When a peat-based growing medium was used, minituber yields were almost the same but the size of the minitubers was smaller than that of hydroponically produced minitubers. The results of the carry-over experiments showed that conventionally produced minitubers emerged faster, and in terms of foliage development and yielding capacity performed better than hydroponically produced minitubers.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment for the Incidence of Number of Subcultures on Genotype Stability for In Vitro Plantlets of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Using RAPD Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Arnaud Agbidinoukoun ◽  
Antoine Abel Missihoun ◽  
Pierre Akonde ◽  
Hurbert Adoukonou Sagbadja ◽  
Clément Agbangla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets

scholarly journals 331 ORGANIZATION OF PROCESSING TOMATO GERMPLASM BASED ON RAPD BANDING PATTERNS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 478a-478
Author(s):  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Joao B. dos Santos ◽  
Paul Skroch ◽  
Jan Tivang
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
High Degree

Genetic distance was calculated among 92 tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, genotypes, which included open pollinated cultivars and commercial hybrids of both fresh market and processing types. Over 800 were screened, and 44 10-mer primers which had clear banding patterns and were polymorphic among cultivars were selected. From each of the primers an average of five polymorphic bands were classified for their presence or absence for each genotype. Genetic distance was calculated as the ratio of discordant to total bands scored. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot indicated that the processing cultivars, `UC82' derivatives and fresh market types generally formed separate clusters. Within groups, genetic distance corresponded to known pedigree relationships. The genetic distance between duplicate samples of 10 genotypes ranged from 0.01 to 0.05. The results of this study indicated that RAPDs provide a high degree of resolution for estimating genetic relationships among tomato cultivars.

scholarly journals Microbial inoculants and Trichoderma viride consortia for growth promotion and disease management in ginger

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
T R Haritha ◽  
K S Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Rhizome Rot ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculants consortia on ginger under field conditions. Three biofertilizers comprising of Azospirillum lipoferum (nitrogen fixer KAU-AZO), Bacillus megaterium (phosphate solubilizer KAU-PSB), Bacillus sporothermodurans (potash solubilizer KAU-KSB) and two biocontrol agents namely, Pseudomonas fluorescen (KAU-PF) and Trichoderma viride (KAU-TV) were used in the study. Compatibility studies revealed that all the isolates were compatible with each other. However, P. fluorescens and T. viride were incompatible with each other under in vitro. Under field evaluation, consortia of microbial inoculants performed better than the single inoculants in terms of yield and disease management. The organic Adhoc package recorded the minimum incidence of rhizome rot (2.09 %) among all the treatments. However, KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-TV recorded the minimum rhizome rot (5.23%) incidence among the consortia. In the case of Rhizoctonia leaf blight disease, consortia of KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-PF showed the minimum incidence (5.21%). In general, consortium of A. lipoferum, B. megaterium (PSB), B. sporothermodurans (KSB) and T. viride was the most efficient for plant growth promotion and disease management in ginger.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships of Diploid Plums Based on RAPD Polymorphisms

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 763A-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unaroj Boonprakob ◽  
David H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
High Level

Diploid plums such as Prunus salicina, P. simonii, P. cerasifera, P. americana, P. angustifolia, P. mexicana, and their hybrids have a high level of RAPD polymorphisms. Of 71 successfully used primers, there are 417 reproducible RAPD markers and only 55 (13%) markers are not polymorphic. Genetic relationships of these diploid plums based on RAPD data is estimated using genetic distance (GD) defined as GDij = 1 – Sij, where Sij is similarity coefficient. Two similarity coefficients, Jaccard's and simple matching coefficient, are compared. Simple matching always yields higher similarity coefficients. Genetic distance within and between each gene pool: California, southeastern U.S., foreign, is estimated. Genetic distances of these diploid plums ranged from 0.32 to 0.68, and agreed well with the natural geographic distribution of the species. The cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group methods using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) was used to construct phenograms to summarize the relationships among these cultivated diploid plums and plum species.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and molecular relationships among eight taxa of Desmodium Desv. based on RAPD markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
M. Oliur Rahman ◽  
Md. Zahidur Rahman ◽  
Sonia Khan Sony ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Molecular Relationships

Genetic variation and molecular relationships among eight taxa of Desmodium Desv. were assessed on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The banding patterns of eight taxa namely, Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., D. heterocarpon (L.) DC., D. heterophyllum (Willd.) DC., D. motorium (Houtt.) Merr., D. pulchellum (L.) Benth., D. triflorum (L.) DC., D. triquetrum (L.) DC. and D. triquetrumsubsp. alatum (DC.) Prain were compared. A total of 81 DNA fragments were detected by 11 primers. Among the taxa studied D. triquetrum and D. triquetrum subsp. alatum were found to be most closely related followed by close proximity between D. gangeticum and D. motorium. The highest genetic distance was observed between D. triflorum and D. heterophyllum followed by D. heterocarpon and D. heterophyllum. UPGMA dendrogram was constructed to show the genetic relatedness among the taxa employed and the tree revealed a close proximity among D. pulchellum, D. gangeticum and D. motorium. In contrast, D. heterophyllum was found distantly related with rest of the taxa.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 149–154.

scholarly journals 335 ORGANIZATION OF ARTICHOKE, CYNARA SCOLYMUS L., BASED ON RAPD MOLECULAR MARKER BANDING PATTERNS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 478e-478
Author(s):  
Jan G. Tivang ◽  
Neal DeVos ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Paul Skroch
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated

Individual heads (capitula) from five discrete artichoke, Cyara scolymus L., populations were evaluated using RAPD markers. One vegetatively-propagated cultivar; Green Globe; two seed-propagated cultivars, Imperial Star and Big Heart XR-1; and two breeding populations were examined. Twenty-seven RAPD primers were scored yielding 2 to 16 polymorphic bands resulting in a total of 178 bands. Our objective was to determine if RAPD markers could be used to distinguish between and within populations. The genetic relationships among populations as well as among individuals within each population were estimated using the ratio of discordant to total bands scored. Data reduction (MDS) provided a plot indicating five clusters corresponding to the five populations. Confirmation of the presence of five discrete clusters was obtained by analysis of variance of the marker frequencies. The genetic diversity index (GDI) was calculated for each populations as the pooled variance of band frequency for each population. The GDI values were highly correlated to the mean genetic distance within each population. The homogeneity of variance for the GDI values associated with each population were compared using the Siegel-Tukey test for homogeneity of spread.

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