scholarly journals Microbial inoculants and Trichoderma viride consortia for growth promotion and disease management in ginger

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
T R Haritha ◽  
K S Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Rhizome Rot ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculants consortia on ginger under field conditions. Three biofertilizers comprising of Azospirillum lipoferum (nitrogen fixer KAU-AZO), Bacillus megaterium (phosphate solubilizer KAU-PSB), Bacillus sporothermodurans (potash solubilizer KAU-KSB) and two biocontrol agents namely, Pseudomonas fluorescen (KAU-PF) and Trichoderma viride (KAU-TV) were used in the study. Compatibility studies revealed that all the isolates were compatible with each other. However, P. fluorescens and T. viride were incompatible with each other under in vitro. Under field evaluation, consortia of microbial inoculants performed better than the single inoculants in terms of yield and disease management. The organic Adhoc package recorded the minimum incidence of rhizome rot (2.09 %) among all the treatments. However, KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-TV recorded the minimum rhizome rot (5.23%) incidence among the consortia. In the case of Rhizoctonia leaf blight disease, consortia of KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-PF showed the minimum incidence (5.21%). In general, consortium of A. lipoferum, B. megaterium (PSB), B. sporothermodurans (KSB) and T. viride was the most efficient for plant growth promotion and disease management in ginger.

Effects of Trichoderma viride and copper hydroxide on rhizome rot of ginger

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
AK Tripathi ◽  
AK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Rhizome Rot

To assess the impact of rhizome rot disease management on growth and yield of ginger a study was carried out. Rhizome treatment with copper hydroxide resulted 86% ginger germination followed by Trichoderma viride which was 81% over local check. The results further revealed that rhizome treatment by copper hydroxide and its soil drenching effectively controlled rhizome rot disease (67%) with reduced disease incidence (4.6%) followed by Trichoderma viride which controlled the disease by 53.5% and reduced the disease incidence to 6.8% over local check. Extension and technology gap was recorded 2.5 and 3.8 t/ha. Raised bed planting, use of Trichoderma viride, disease free seed and rhizome treatment were adopted by 53.3, 26.6, 29.3 and 24% respondents.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of PGP Bacillus sp. strain D5 native to Crocus sativus, in traditional and non traditional areas, and mining of PGP genes from its genome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanu Magotra ◽  
Nancy Bhagat ◽  
Sheetal Ambardar ◽  
Tahir Ali ◽  
Barbara Reinhold Hurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Biocontrol Activity

AbstractNative Bacillus sp. strain D5 coded as (Bar D5) has been isolated from the saffron corm that showed plant growth promotion (PGP) properties and also inhibits the growth of corm rot causing Fusarium oxysporum R1 (Fox R1) in-vitro. Bar D5 was more efficient PGP bacterium in comparison to earlier reported native bio-formulations by our group. Pot assays and field evaluation of Bar D5 confirmed its in-vivo efficacy for PGP traits and biocontrol activity as well. Pot trials were followed by field trials at traditional (Kishtwar) and non-traditional (R.S Pura) saffron cultivation areas in Jammu and Kashmir. At both places, Bar D5 bio-formulation treatment led to the increase in root number & length, shoot number & length, flower number and number & weight of daughter corms. Additionally, it also decreased the corm rot disease incidence significantly. Priming of corms with bio-formulation resulted in the reduction of pathogenic fungal load by three fold at the depth of corm sowing from ground level. The shelf life/viability of Bar D5 based bio-formulation was found to be 52% (viable spores) for one year at room temperature. Draft genome sequence of Bar D5 revealed the presence of genes necessary for PGP and biocontrol activity. Further, confirmation of gene sequences and annotation was done by amplification, re-sequencing and mapping of PGP and biocontrol genes on draft genome. Bar D5 based bio-formulation can be provided to companies/researchers interested in saffron cultivation or bio-formulation production for commercial exploitation, since saffron is grown as revenue crop across continents. The present study bridges the gap between genomics and its field application.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Its Relationship with the Performance of Diploid Potato Hybrids

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Paz ◽  
R.E. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Better Than

RAPD analysis was conducted on in vitro plantlets of Solanum phureja Juz. & Buk. monoploids and diploid heterozygous pollinators. Among 60 decamer primers screened, 11 did not show polymorphism while some primers produced complex banding patterns or faint bands that were difficult to score. Genetic distance estimates were based on 151 polymorphic RAPD markers of 208 bands scored using 33 primers. Simple matching and Jaccard coefficients were calculated to estimate genetic similarity (GS). Genetic distance (GD=1-GS) among genotypes ranged from 0.0 to 0.664. Cluster analysis yielded groups of genotypes that were consistent with known genomic compositions or genetic relationships inferred from their pedigree. Field evaluation of 14 F1 families resulting from five S. phureja doubled monoploids (DMs) crossed to three heterozygous pollinators (IDs) revealed significant differences in total tuber number, total tuber yield, average tuber mass, and vigor. Total tuber yield per family ranged from 174 to 404 g per plant and was significantly lower than the control `Kennebec'. The general combining ability of DM BARD 13-14/202 was superior to other DM parents. Specific combining ability was observed in progeny of AD2-4/3s.8 H ID 4. Among male parents, ID 8 performed better than ID 4 or ID 5. Using simple matching, the largest parental genetic distance was always associated with the highest total tuber yield among progenies of DM parents. A similar trend was obtained using Jaccard coefficients. Based on our results, RAPD markers may facilitate the identification of diverse parents to maximize the expression of heterosis in S. phureja hybrids.

scholarly journals Advent of Trichoderma as a bio-control agent- A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Puyam
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Trichoderma spp are free living filamentous fungi. They are cosmopolitan and versatile in nature. They have the potential to produce several enzymes that can degrade the cell wall materials. Also, they release a number of fungi toxic substances that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens. Many mechanisms have been described on how Trichoderma exert beneficial effects on plants as a bio-control agent. But due to its versatile nature, its potential cannot be explored to its full extent. And it is a developing science in the field of bio-control with its new discoveries adding to the usefulness of the fungi as a bio-control agent. Its development as a bio-control agent passes through many phases and each phase adding novel ideas that will help in the development of an efficient bio-agent which in turn will help in the crop improvement and disease management. The studies on their various aspects responsible for bio-control will open a flood gate to the development of Trichoderma as an efficient and reliable bio-agent and provide a better scope for implementation in crop and disease management. The in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride against phytopathogens (Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. udum) was studied and it was found to be potentially effective against F. oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri followed by F. oxysporum f.s.p. udum and Sclerotium rolfsii.

scholarly journals S-methyl Methanethiosulfonate: Promising Late Blight Inhibitor or Broad Range Toxin?

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Joller ◽  
Mout De Vrieze ◽  
Aboubakr Moradi ◽  
Claudine Fournier ◽  
Delphine Chinchilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Better Than

(1) Background: S-methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS), a sulfur containing volatile organic compound produced by plants and bacterial species, has recently been described to be an efficient anti-oomycete agent with promising perspectives for the control of the devastating potato late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. However, earlier work raised questions regarding the putative toxicity of this compound. To assess the suitability of MMTS for late blight control in the field, the present study thus aimed at evaluating the effect of MMTS on a wide range of non-target organisms in comparison to P. infestans. (2) Methods: To this end, we exposed P. infestans, as well as different pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, bacteria, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as well as the plant Arabidopsis thaliana to MMTS treatment and evaluated their response by means of in vitro assays. (3) Results: Our results showed that fungi (both mycelium and spores) tolerated MMTS better than the oomycete P. infestans, but that the compound nevertheless exhibited non-negligible toxic effects on bacteria, nematodes and plants. (4) Conclusions: We discuss the mode of action of MMTS and conclude that even though this compound might be too toxic for chemical application in the field, its strong anti-oomycete activity could still be exploited when naturally released at the site of infection by plant-associated microbes inoculated as biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PESTICIDE TOLERANT SOIL BACTERIA ON DISEASE CONTROL, PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION AND SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE IN COWPEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-440
Author(s):  
Anuradha Bandopadhyay ◽  
Tina Roy ◽  
Nirmalendu Das
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Infested Soil

Cowpea, an annual legume, suffers from several disease symptoms caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Rhizobacteria isolated from pesticide infested soil, identified by blast analysis as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus safensis, Pseudomonas donghuensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ascertained tolerant to at least 0.1% pesticides viz. methomyl, imidacloprid and carbendazim. In vitro antagonism against pathogen exhibited maximum by P. aeruginosa 63%. All rhizobacteria were bestowed with attributes responsible for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. Field evaluation resulted highest 75% disease control, enhancement of length, nodule counts, biomass or yield per plant by P. aeruginosa. All rhizobacteria induced systemic resistance in cowpea under challenged inoculation with pathogen by augmenting defensive enzyme production. Highest Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase activity was expressed in P. aeruginosa treated plants 1.02 μMoles/ml/min, Polyphenol Oxidase by P. donghuensis 1.39 μMoles/ml/min, Chitinase by B. cereus 0.745 μMoles/ml/min and 400 percent relative activity of Peroxidase by P. aeruginosa. The rhizobacteria were prospective for plant disease control, growth promotion and as immunity boosters in pesticide and heavy metal infested toxic environment.

Multifunctional characteristics of Acinetobacter lwoffii Bac109 for growth promotion and colonization in micropropagated sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janniffer Custódio da Silva ◽  
Luan Dionisio Silva Santos ◽  
Paula Sperotto Alberto Faria ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Aurélio Rubio Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Endophytic bacteria with multifunctional characteristics can benefit plants through different mechanisms, as well as promoting growth in an efficient, low-cost and ecofriendly way. This study analyzed the potential of the multifunctional endophytic isolate Acinetobacter lwoffii Bac109 in promoting the early in vitro growth of sugarcane seedlings. The Bac109 strain showed potential to solubilize phosphate in a solid medium (solubilization index: 3.73). In addition, the bacterium was an efficient biocontrol agent against the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma sp. and Bipolaris papendorfii, showing a performance equal to or better than the commercial antifungal hygromycin B. An in vitro assay confirmed the biofilm production, which increased in the presence of sugarcane root extract. Additionally, A. lwoffii Bac109 showed a strong adhesion to the sugarcane roots. The inoculation of this bacterium in micropropagated sugarcane seedlings increased the shoot length (35 %) and regulated the nonphotochemical energy dissipation after 28 days of cultivation. At the end of the experiment, the bacterium showed a great potential for survival, with 5.72 × 107 CFU mL-1 recovered from the substrate, what is crucial for plant interaction. The results showed the potential of the biotechnology application for A. lwoffii Bac109 by evaluating multifunctional traits of plant growth promotion and by specific interactions with sugarcane, which may help to improve micropropagation protocols for this crop.

scholarly journals Improvement in the Management of Leaf Blight Disease of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) with Copper and Metalaxyl Fungicides

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Edmund Omane ◽  
K. Asare Oduro ◽  
Eric W. Cornelius ◽  
Andrews Y. Akrofi ◽  
Eric K. Asare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is an important staple food crop for millions of people in developing countries. Taro production is constrained by many diseases of which leaf blight, caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski, is the most destructive and it accounts for up to 80% yield loss of taro in many countries. In Ghana, the disease accounts for 25 – 50% yield loss. Non-sustainability of cultural control method and the use of resistant varieties have compelled some farmers to abandon their fields while others have converted their farms to dry season vegetable farming. In this study, copper and metalaxyl fungicides were tested for the control of leaf blight disease of taro. In vitro fungicidal activity tests and field evaluation showed that Ridomil Gold Plus 66 WP (6% metalaxyl-M + 60% copper (I) oxide) and Metalm 72 WP (12% metalaxyl + 60% copper (I) oxide) at 50 g in 15 litres of water (3.3g/L) and Nordox 75 WG (86% cuprous oxide) at 75 g in 15 litres of water (5 g/L) are effective for the control of leaf blight disease of taro at 4 weekly intervals for five consecutive months in the wet season.

MICROPROPAGATION OF CHICKPEA FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODE SEGMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. BARSHILE
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Better Than

Present investigation was undertaken to standardize technique for in vitro micro-propagation of chickpea( Cicer arietinum ) cultivar Vishwas (Phule G 12). Micropropagation method for chickpea was established and this method enabled much more efficient propagation of plants. The present work was aimed at evolving a protocol for rapid multiplication of chickpea using micropropagation technique. Explants from shoot tip and node segment were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin (1.0 to 2.5 mg/l) and their growth responses like shooting were elucidated. The maximum multiple response was observed with 2 mg/l concentration of BAP from both types of explant. The highest number of shoots (12.5 ± 0.3) was achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l BAP using node segments. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP was found better than all other concentrations. Individual shoots were transferred to IBA and IAA (1.0-1.5 mg/l) for root induction. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of IBA proved better for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in greenhouse and established in the pot.

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