scholarly journals Cultivar Identification and Genetic Diversity within a Hatiora (Cactaceae) Clonal Germplasm Collection Using Isozymes

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Maureen C. O'Leary ◽  
Thomas H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Entire Collection

Isozyme markers were used to identify cultivars and assess the genetic diversity within a germplasm collection of 49 Hatiora Britt. & Rose clones. The collection included accessions of Easter cactus [H. gaertneri (Regel) Barthlott, H. graeseri Barthlott ex D. Hunt, and H. rosea (Lagerheim) Barthlott] plus H. herminiae (Campos-Porto & Castellanos) Backeberg ex Barthlott and H. salcornioides (Haworth) Britton & Rose. Seven enzyme systems were analyzed: aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, shikimate dehydrogenase, and triosephosphate isomerase. Thirteen loci and 42 alleles were identified. Twenty-one clones (43%) displayed unique isozyme profiles, but the remaining 28 clones shared isozyme profiles with one to three other clones. Percent polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles per locus, and mean heterozygosity were 69, 3.23, and 0.30, respectively, for the entire collection. Isozymes also proved useful for verifying that some progeny were genuine F1 hybrids.

scholarly journals Diversity and Distribution of Isozymes in a Schlumbergera (Cactaceae) Clonal Germplasm Collection

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen C. O'Leary ◽  
Thomas H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Entire Collection

A germplasm collection of 59 Schlumbergera Lemaire clones was assayed for isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, shikimate dehydrogenase, and triosephosphate isomerase. The collection included cultivars of holiday cactus [S. truncata (Haworth) Moran and S. ×buckleyi (T. Moore) Tjaden] plus accessions of S. kautskyi (Horobin & McMillan) N.P. Taylor, S. opuntioides (Löfgren & Dusén) D. Hunt, S. orssichiana Barthlott & McMillan, S. russelliana (Hooker) Britton & Rose, S. ×exotica Barthlott & Rauh, and S. ×reginae McMillan & Orssich. Twelve loci with 36 alleles were detected. Percent polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles per locus, and mean heterozygosity were 83, 3.00, and 0.24, respectively, for the entire collection. Forty-one clones (69%) could be distinguished solely on the basis of their isozyme profiles, but the remaining 18 clones shared profiles with one or two other clones. Isozymes proved useful for determining the parentage of some clones and verifying that some progeny were interspecific hybrids. About 28% of the genetic diversity within the entire collection is unique to four Schlumbergera species that have scarcely been exploited for breeding holiday cactus cultivars.

scholarly journals Isozyme Markers for Cultivar Identification in Guayule

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Estilai ◽  
A. Hashemi ◽  
J.G. Waines
Keyword(s):  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase

Leaf extracts of 500 plants from 47 guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) entries including AZ-101, Gila, Cal-3, Cal-6, and Cal-7 germplasms; 12 accessions from Mexico; and a diverse array of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid selections were analyzed for isozyme variation of 17 enzyme systems. Glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.42), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI, EC 5.3.1.9), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH, EC 1.1.1.25), and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI, EC 5.3.1.1) produced sharp and well-resolved bands. With the exception of AZ-101 and Gila, intra- and inter-accession polymorphisms were present for the above enzymes. Plants of AZ-101 and Gila showed identical banding patterns for every enzyme, supporting the view that these two germplasms may be the apomictic progenies of a single selection. Isozyme variations within entries indicated that most of the available guayule germplasms and selections are heterogeneous. Differences between entries suggested that isozymes may provide useful markers for cultivar identification.

scholarly journals Isozyme Polymorphism and Inheritance in Rhipsalidopsis and Schlumbergera (Cactaceae)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 856G-857
Author(s):  
Maureen C. O'Leary ◽  
Thomas H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Triose Phosphate ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Isozyme Polymorphism

Cultivars and seedlings of Rhipsalidopsis and Schlumbergera were subjected to isozyme analysis using seven enzyme systems [aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), aminopeptidase (AMP), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD), and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)]. Isozymes were extracted from phylloclades and roots, and were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) using single percentage (5% to 10%) gels. Six enzymes exhibited polymorphism in Rhipsalidopsis, whereas all seven enzymes were polymorphic in Schlumbergera. Inheritance studies were performed on AAT, GPI, MDH, PGM, and TPI for Rhipsalidopsis and on AMP, PGM, and SKD for Schlumbergera. Significant segregation distortion was observed in some families. Polymorphic isozymes are potentially useful markers for cultivar identification and for genetic and breeding studies.

scholarly journals Enzyme Polymorphism in Cymbidium Orchid Cultivars and Inheritance of Leucine Aminopeptidase

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Obara-Okeyo ◽  
Kouei Fujii ◽  
Shunji Kako
Keyword(s):  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Isozyme Variability

Seventy Cymbidium (Swartz.) cultivars were analyzed for isozyme variability in eight enzyme systems by starch gel electrophoresis. All systems studied [aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH)] showed polymorphism. When all enzyme systems were evaluated, 68 of the 70 Cymbidium cultivars could be distinguished. Isozymes could not distinguish betwen the cultivars Golden Star `Kumamoto' and Golden Star `Sunrise'. No cultivar showed a single unique pattern, but the TPI system gave one “diagnostic” pattern. Segregation ratios from controlled crosses suggested that LAP-1 is simply inherited and controlled by at least two alleles.

scholarly journals Linkage Analysis of Ten Isozyme Genes in F1 Segregating Almond Progenies

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Arús ◽  
Carmen Olarte ◽  
Miguel Romero ◽  
Francisco Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Recombination Fraction ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Enzyme Systems

Ten isozyme genes were studied after analyzing the variability of eight enzyme systems—glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH), and aconitase (ACO)—in the progeny of five crosses among almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] cultivars. Six of these loci were found to be located in two linkage groups, one containing four loci (Pgm-2, Gpi-2, Aat-2, and Lap-1) and two more in the other (Idh-2 and Aat-1). Genetic configurations of pairs of loci specific to segregating F1 progeny of crosses between heterozygous parents were found in our data, for which we derived the estimate of the recombination fraction and its variance. Linkage data for the gene pairs that could be estimated in various crosses were used to obtain a joint estimation of the recombination fraction.

scholarly journals ISOZYME VARIATION AND GENETICS IN ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 715A-715
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Brettin ◽  
Ken C. Sink
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Fusion Products

We have used isozyme techniques (SGE) to assess variation and begin construction of a genetic map of the Asparagus officinalis genome. Isozyme extraction buffers, electrophoretic buffer systems, and isozyme stability during storage were evaluated. Isozyme expression under different environmental conditions was also examined. Thirty-four enzymes were evaluated for their usefulness as genetic markers in A. officinalis. Of these 34, 13 had sufficient activity and resolution on the gels for isozyme analysis. Of the 13 enzyme systems resolved, polymorphisms were observed in aconitase, endopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and shikimate dehydrogenase. Segregation of putative alleles is presented for ACON, END, MDH, PGM and SKDH isozymes. Co-segregation data showed linkage between a SKDH locus and a PGM locus. The isozyme analysis also included Asparagus densiflorus `Sprengeri' and revealed that aspartate aminotransaminase, endopeptidase, and triosephosphate isomerase would be potentially useful for verification of cell fusion products between the two species.

scholarly journals A CORE SUBSET ESTABLISHED FOR THE USDA COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] GERMPLASM COLLECTION

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 762c-762
Author(s):  
A.G. Gillaspie ◽  
O.L. Chambliss ◽  
R.L. Fery ◽  
A.E. Hall ◽  
J.C. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Core Subset ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
Crop Germplasm

The Vigna Crop Germplasm Committee has established a core subset for the USDA cowpea germplasm collection. The subset consists of 9.3% (700 accessions) of the 7525 accessions currently contained in the collection. The subset was selected on the basis of country of origin, taxonomic characteristics, and known disease and pest resistance characteristics. Theoretically, the lines in the subset represent the genetic diversity present in the entire collection. A listing of the accessions in the subset is available from the Vigna germplasm curator (A.G. Gillaspie). The listing can also be accessed through the USDA's Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on Outcrossing Rate, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics of `Fuerte' Avocado

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemda Degani ◽  
Anat Goldring ◽  
Itzhak Adato ◽  
Ruth El-Batsri ◽  
Shmuel Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Previous Conclusion ◽  
Enzyme Systems

The effects of various pollen parents on outcrossing rates, yield, and fruit and seed weights were studied in a `Fuerte' avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Isozyme analysis was used to identify the pollen parent of mature fruits. Cotyledons were assayed for five polymorphic enzyme systems: alcohol dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and triosephosphate isomerase. When sampling of fruits was done to a height of 2 m, percent of hybrids produced by `Teague' and `Topa-Topa' pollenizers was in the range of 30% to 40%. With `Teague' as the pollenizer, `Fuerte' yield increased by 30% in trees adjacent to the pollenizer. With `Tops-Tops' as pollenizer, the yield was increased by 40% for trees adjacent to and at a distance from the pollenizer. `Ettinger' trees planted at a distance of 30 to 50 m from `Fuerte' were found to be the pollen parent of 2% to 14% of the progeny, thus supporting our previous conclusion regarding the high potency of `Ettinger' as a pollen parent. `Tops-Tops', `Teague', and `Ettinger' significantly increased fruit and seed weights of crossed compared with selfed `Fuerte' fruits.

scholarly journals Characterizing Isozymes of Spanish Cherimoya Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 845-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pascual ◽  
F. Perfectti ◽  
M. Gutierrez ◽  
A.M. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase

Isozymes have been used as genetic markers to characterize seven Spanish cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) cultivars. Fifteen enzyme systems were analyzed. Ten varied [aconitase (ACO, EC 4.2.1.3), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.42), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP, EC 3.4.11.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI, EC 5.3.1.9), phosphoghtcomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH, EC 1.1.1.25), and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI, EC 5.3.1.1)] and five did not [acid phosphatase (ACPH, EC 3.1.3.2), diaphorase (DIA, EC 1.6.4.3), malic enzyme (ME, EC 1.1.1.40), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6PGDH, EC 1.1.1.44), and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1)]. Two cultivars, Campa and Campa Mejorada, had identical banding patterns for all enzymes tested. All others were identified as distinct cultivars because of isozyme differences. The identical isozyme profiles of `Campa' and `Campa Mejorada' probably indicate that they are the same cultivar. A cluster analysis of isozyme profiles showed that Spanish cultivars were clearly different from Californian cultivars.

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