scholarly journals Inheritance and Epistasis Studies of Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lettuce

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Ryder ◽  
Z.H. Kim ◽  
W. Waycott
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Recessive Allele ◽  
Chlorophyll Deficiency ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Green Mutant

Three mutant traits for chlorophyll deficiency in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), bleached bud, calico-2, and pale green, are inherited as single recessive alleles. Bleached bud is epistatic to another recessive allele, dappled. Calico-2 is epistatic to dappled. Pale green is hypostatic to chlorophyll deficient-3. The Vanguard cd mutant is the same as chlorophyll deficient-3. The light green mutant 8744-1 is the same as light green. Independent inheritance is shown for bleached bud and dappled, calico-2 and dappled, and pale green and chlorophyll deficient-3, respectively.

scholarly journals CHLOROPHYLL DEFICIENCIES IN LETTUCE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 608e-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Recessive Allele ◽  
Chlorophyll Deficiency ◽  
Single Allele ◽  
Chlorophyll Deficiencies

Three chlorophyll deficiency traits in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are reported. One, chlorophyll deficient-3 (cd-3), is quite yellow in the seedling stage, and controlled by a single recessive allele. Chlorophyll deficient-4 (cd-4) has sectors of yellow-green and green in the true leaves. It is inherited as a single recessive, and may be allelic to chlorophyll deficient-2 (cd-2). Sickly (si) is stunted, yellow, and partially necrotic, and is also controlled by a single allele. Virescent (vi) is epistatic to cd-4 and the latter is partially lethal. Linkage and additional epistatic relations with previously named chlorophyll deficient genes and other traits are discussed.

Natromarkeyite and pseudomarkeyite, two new calcium uranyl carbonate minerals from the Markey mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Kampf ◽  
Travis A. Olds ◽  
Jakub Plášil ◽  
Peter C. Burns ◽  
Joe Marty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Uranyl Carbonate ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
San Juan County ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
White Streak

AbstractThe new minerals natromarkeyite, Na2Ca8(UO2)4(CO3)13(H2O)24⋅3H2O (IMA2018-152) and pseudomarkeyite, Ca8(UO2)4(CO3)12(H2O)18⋅3H2O (IMA2018-114) were found in the Markey mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where they occur as secondary phases on asphaltum. Natromarkeyite properties are: untwinned blades and tablets to 0.2 mm, pale yellow green colour; transparent; white streak; bright bluish white fluorescence (405 nm laser); vitreous to pearly lustre; brittle; Mohs hardness 1½ to 2; irregular fracture; three cleavages ({001} perfect, {100} and {010} good); density = 2.70(2) g cm–3; biaxial (–) with α = 1.528(2), β = 1.532(2) and γ = 1.533(2); and pleochroism is X = pale green yellow, Y ≈ Z = light green yellow. Pseudomarkeyite properties are: twinned tapering blades and tablets to 1 mm; pale green yellow colour; transparent; white streak; bright bluish white fluorescence (405 nm laser); vitreous to pearly lustre; brittle; Mohs hardness ≈ 1; stepped fracture; three cleavages ({10$\bar{1}$} very easy, {010} good, {100} fair); density = 2.88(2) g cm–3; biaxial (–) with α = 1.549(2), β = 1.553(2) and γ = 1.557(2); and it is nonpleochroic. The Raman spectra of markeyite, natromarkeyite and pseudomarkeyite are very similar and exhibit bands consistent with UO22+, CO32– and O–H. Electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Na2.01Ca7.97Mg0.03Cu2+0.05(UO2)4(CO3)13(H2O)24⋅3H2O (–0.11 H) for natromarkeyite and Ca7.95(UO2)4(CO3)12(H2O)18⋅3H2O (+0.10 H) for pseudomarkeyite. Natromarkeyite is orthorhombic, Pmmn, a = 17.8820(13), b = 18.3030(4), c = 10.2249(3) Å, V = 3336.6(3) Å3 and Z = 2. Pseudomarkeyite is monoclinic, P21/m, a = 17.531(3), b = 18.555(3), c = 9.130(3) Å, β = 103.95(3)°, V = 2882.3(13) Å3 and Z = 2. The structures of natromarkeyite (R1 = 0.0202 for 2898 I > 2σI) and pseudomarkeyite (R1 = 0.0787 for 2106 I > 2σI) contain uranyl tricarbonate clusters that are linked by (Ca/Na)–O polyhedra forming thick corrugated heteropolyhedral layers. Natromarkeyite is isostructural with markeyite; pseudomarkeyite has a very similar structure.

Kapellasite, Cu3Zn(OH)6CI2, a new mineral from Lavrion, Greece, and its crystal structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Krause ◽  
H.-J. Bernhardt ◽  
R.S.W. Braithwaite ◽  
U. Kolitsch ◽  
R. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Crystal Data ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Light Green

AbstractKapellasite, Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2, is a new secondary mineral from the Sounion No. 19 mine, Kamariza, Lavrion, Greece. It is a polymorph of herbertsmithite. Kapellasite forms crusts and small aggregates up to 0.5 mm, composed of bladed or needle-like indistinct crystals up to 0.2 mm long. The colour is green-blue, the streak is light green-blue. There is a good cleavage parallel to ﹛0001﹜. Kapellasite is uniaxial negative, ω = 1.80(1), ε = 1.76(1); pleochroism is distinct, with E = pale green, O = green-blue. Dmeas = 3.55(10) g/cm3; Dcalc. = 3.62 g/cm3. Electron microprobe analyses of the type material gave CuO 58.86, ZnO 13.92, NiO 0.03, CoO 0.03, Fe2O3 0.04, Cl 16.70, H2O (calc.) 12.22, total 101.80, less O = Cl 3.77, total 98.03 wt.%. The empirical formula is (Cu3.24Zn0.75)Σ3.99(OH)5.94Cl2.06, based on 8 anions. The five strongest XRD lines are [d in Å (I/I0, hkl)] 5.730 (100, 001), 2.865 (11, 002), 2.730 (4, 200), 2.464 (9, 021/201), 1.976 (5, 022/202). Kapellasite is trigonal, space group Pml, unit-cell parameters (from single-crystal data) a = 6.300(1), c = 5.733(1) Å, V= 197.06(6) Å3, Z = 1. The crystal structure of kapellasite is based on brucite-like sheets parallel to (0001), built from edge-sharing distorted M(OH,Cl)6 (M = Cu, Zn) octahedra. The sheets stack directly on each other (…AAA… stacking). Bonding between adjacent sheets is only due to weak hydrogen and O…C1 bonds. The name is in honour of Christo Kapellas (1938–2004), collector and mineral dealer from Kamariza, Lavrion, Greece.

Chloroplast Abnormalities Seen in a Pale Green Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Symmes ◽  
Ellen C. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Green Mutant

In the search for life support systems for possible long term manned space flights one must, at some point, investigate photosynthetic systems, and hence the interest in green algae with their ease of care, rapid growth rates, and high efficiency of energy conversion. With the present restriction of weight it would be most advantageous to find an organism with a maximum photosynthetic capability.A pale green mutant Ac 29 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (obtained from Professor Wilbur Ebersold, UCLA) has been studied which has four times the photosynthetic capacity at high light intensities on a chlorophyll basis as the wild type (as based on measurements of CO2 uptake and O2 evolution). In order to try to find some basis for the differences in photosynthetic capacity, comparisons were made between wild type (strain 21gr, obtained from Ruth Sager, Hunter College) and mutant at both the ultrastructural and chemical levels.

scholarly journals An Argon-Ion-Induced Pale Green Mutant of Arabidopsis Exhibiting Rapid Disassembly of Mesophyll Chloroplast Grana

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Alvin Sanjaya ◽  
Yusuke Kazama ◽  
Kotaro Ishii ◽  
Ryohsuke Muramatsu ◽  
Kengo Kanamaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Effective Mutagen ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Green Mutant

Argon-ion beam is an effective mutagen capable of inducing a variety of mutation types. In this study, an argon ion-induced pale green mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated and characterized. The mutant, designated Ar50-33-pg1, exhibited moderate defects of growth and greening and exhibited rapid chlorosis in photosynthetic tissues. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that mesophyll chloroplasts underwent substantial shrinkage during the chlorotic process. Genetic and whole-genome resequencing analyses revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 contained a large 940 kb deletion in chromosome V that encompassed more than 100 annotated genes, including 41 protein-coding genes such as TYRAAt1/TyrA1, EGY1, and MBD12. One of the deleted genes, EGY1, for a thylakoid membrane-localized metalloprotease, was the major contributory gene responsible for the pale mutant phenotype. Both an egy1 mutant and F1 progeny of an Ar50-33-pg1 × egy1 cross-exhibited chlorotic phenotypes similar to those of Ar50-33-pg1. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of mesophyll cells revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 and egy1 initially developed wild type-like chloroplasts, but these were rapidly disassembled, resulting in thylakoid disorganization and fragmentation, as well as plastoglobule accumulation, as terminal phenotypes. Together, these data support the utility of heavy-ion mutagenesis for plant genetic analysis and highlight the importance of EGY1 in the structural maintenance of grana in mesophyll chloroplasts.

scholarly journals First Report of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) as a Host of Sclerotinia minor in California

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 832-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Gonzalez ◽  
D. M. Henderson ◽  
S. T. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
First Report ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Pepper Plants

In 1997, commercially grown bell pepper in the Salinas Valley (Monterey County), California, developed a previously undescribed disease. Plant foliage became pale green and wilted. Crowns developed brown lesions that girdled the plants, resulting in plant death. White mycelia and small (2 to 3 mm), black, irregularly shaped sclerotia were observed on the outside of plant crowns and in the centers of stem cavities. Isolations consistently resulted in the recovery of Sclerotinia minor. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating 2-month-old bell pepper plants (cv. California Wonder) with sclerotia from three pepper and three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) isolates of S. minor (seven plants per isolate). Six to 10 sclerotia were placed 1 cm below the soil line and adjacent to the plant crowns. After 8 days, plants inoculated with pepper and lettuce isolates developed symptoms similar to those found in commercial fields, and S. minor was recovered from all peppers. The uninoculated control plants developed no symptoms. This is the first report of bell pepper as a host of S. minor.

Identification and genetic analysis of pale-green mutant caused by Ds insertion in rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-952
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qian ZHANG ◽  
Fang LIU ◽  
Hai-Tao ZHU ◽  
Xiao-Yan LI ◽  
Rui-Zhen ZENG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Green Mutant

Oidium heveae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Scirtothrips Dorsalis ◽  
Diseased Condition ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Light Green

Abstract A description is provided for Oidium heveae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hevea brasiliensis DISEASE: Powdery mildew of rubber; O. heveae is one of the causes of the diseased condition of this crop in S.E. Asia known as secondary leaf fall (SLF). The others are: a form of Glomerella cingulata (CMI Descript. 315), the yellow tea mite (Hemitarsonemus latus[Polyphagotarsonemus latus]) and a thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). This leaf fall may be caused by these organisms alone or in combination. Oidium heveae is the most widespread cause; G. cingulata can be locally serious; and the thrips is the least important. Rubber leaflets infected by O. heveae at the shining brown to yellowish stages become shrivelled, necrotic and fall. At the light green (cuticle hardening) stage, about 10 days after bud burst, the infected leaflets do not abciss. The mildew colonies are most conspicuous on the lower surface and leaflets which do not fall show characteristic chlorotic, translucent blotches. A severe attack of SLF is shown by a pale green carpet of leaves which is seen on approaching the trees. Repeated defoliation leads to dieback. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil (Sao Paulo), Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, India (S.), Indonesia, Malawi, Malaysia (W., Sarawak), Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam and Zaire (CMI Map 4, ed. 4, 1976) and Congo (not mapped: 52, 845). TRANSMISSION: Air dispersed conidia.

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