Pale green mutant analyses reveal the importance of CsGLKs in chloroplast developmental regulation and their effects on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant

In the search for life support systems for possible long term manned space flights one must, at some point, investigate photosynthetic systems, and hence the interest in green algae with their ease of care, rapid growth rates, and high efficiency of energy conversion. With the present restriction of weight it would be most advantageous to find an organism with a maximum photosynthetic capability.A pale green mutant Ac 29 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (obtained from Professor Wilbur Ebersold, UCLA) has been studied which has four times the photosynthetic capacity at high light intensities on a chlorophyll basis as the wild type (as based on measurements of CO2 uptake and O2 evolution). In order to try to find some basis for the differences in photosynthetic capacity, comparisons were made between wild type (strain 21gr, obtained from Ruth Sager, Hunter College) and mutant at both the ultrastructural and chemical levels.

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Energy and Electron Transfer Systems of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. I. Photosynthetic and Respiratory Cytochrome Systems of the Pale Green Mutant

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.44.4.527 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 527-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tetsuo Hiyama ◽

Mitsuo Nishimura ◽

Britton Chance

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Energy And Electron Transfer ◽

Pale Green ◽

Green Mutant

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An Argon-Ion-Induced Pale Green Mutant of Arabidopsis Exhibiting Rapid Disassembly of Mesophyll Chloroplast Grana

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 848

Author(s):

Alvin Sanjaya ◽

Yusuke Kazama ◽

Kotaro Ishii ◽

Ryohsuke Muramatsu ◽

Kengo Kanamaru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Beam ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Protein Coding ◽

F1 Progeny ◽

Effective Mutagen ◽

Whole Genome Resequencing ◽

Argon Ion ◽

Pale Green ◽

Green Mutant

Argon-ion beam is an effective mutagen capable of inducing a variety of mutation types. In this study, an argon ion-induced pale green mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated and characterized. The mutant, designated Ar50-33-pg1, exhibited moderate defects of growth and greening and exhibited rapid chlorosis in photosynthetic tissues. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that mesophyll chloroplasts underwent substantial shrinkage during the chlorotic process. Genetic and whole-genome resequencing analyses revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 contained a large 940 kb deletion in chromosome V that encompassed more than 100 annotated genes, including 41 protein-coding genes such as TYRAAt1/TyrA1, EGY1, and MBD12. One of the deleted genes, EGY1, for a thylakoid membrane-localized metalloprotease, was the major contributory gene responsible for the pale mutant phenotype. Both an egy1 mutant and F1 progeny of an Ar50-33-pg1 × egy1 cross-exhibited chlorotic phenotypes similar to those of Ar50-33-pg1. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of mesophyll cells revealed that Ar50-33-pg1 and egy1 initially developed wild type-like chloroplasts, but these were rapidly disassembled, resulting in thylakoid disorganization and fragmentation, as well as plastoglobule accumulation, as terminal phenotypes. Together, these data support the utility of heavy-ion mutagenesis for plant genetic analysis and highlight the importance of EGY1 in the structural maintenance of grana in mesophyll chloroplasts.

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Inheritance and Epistasis Studies of Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lettuce

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.124.6.636 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 124 (6) ◽

pp. 636-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E.J. Ryder ◽

Z.H. Kim ◽

W. Waycott

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Recessive Allele ◽

Chlorophyll Deficiency ◽

Pale Green ◽

Light Green ◽

Green Mutant

Three mutant traits for chlorophyll deficiency in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), bleached bud, calico-2, and pale green, are inherited as single recessive alleles. Bleached bud is epistatic to another recessive allele, dappled. Calico-2 is epistatic to dappled. Pale green is hypostatic to chlorophyll deficient-3. The Vanguard cd mutant is the same as chlorophyll deficient-3. The light green mutant 8744-1 is the same as light green. Independent inheritance is shown for bleached bud and dappled, calico-2 and dappled, and pale green and chlorophyll deficient-3, respectively.

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