EVALUATION OF NITYA PRAYUNJEET AAHARA DRAVYA OF AYURVEDA AND ITS RESEMBLANCE TO BALANCED DIET IN CURRENT SCENARIO

Ayurveda is a holistic science and emphasizes preserving and promoting the health of healthy individuals besides giving methods for the treatment of various diseases. It is more a 'way of life' and describes methods for promo- tion, prolongation, and maintenance of positive health. In the present era, people are spending most of their time sitting at the workplace i.e., living a sedentary lifestyle. It is very necessary to maintain health and prevent diseas- es as people leading a sedentary lifestyle are more susceptible to lifestyle diseases. Balanced Dosha promotes health and imbalanced Dosha leads to the diseased condition. Moreover, a balanced diet is required by the body to work efficiently. Without a balanced diet, the body is more prone to disease, infection, fatigue, and low perfor- mance. So, health can be maintained by intake of balanced and Tridosha Shamaka diet. The concept of Nitya Prayunjeeta (used daily) AaharaDravya has been given by Aacharya Charaka for the maintenance and promotion of health. Here, an effort has been made to establish the concept of Nitya Prayunjeet Aahara Dravya as Tridosha Shamaka diet and Balanced diet. Keywords: Nitya Prayunjeet, TridoshaShamana, Balanced diet

Feronia elephantum Correa: A Potential Traditional Drug

There are number of herbal plants used as medicines from the ancient time. Chemical constituents from those plants isolated for wide range of diseased condition utilizes in from the ancient times in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha etc. systems. Feronia elephantum Correa from the family Rutaceae also known as Kaith, Wood apple is one of them which have many chemical constituents with important medicinal purposes and diseases like Diabetes mellitus, ulcer, as diuretic, liver tonic etc. Leaves of the plant are astringent, carminative and prescribed for vomiting, dysentery, hiccough, indigestion and slight bowel affections of children. The fruits are used as dessert, source of beverages and juices. The fruit pulp is used externally as a remedy for certain insect bite. The bark is aromatic and cooling, useful in vitiated conditions of pitta. It is indigenous in South India, Java, Myanmar, Malaysia and Ceylon and cultivated in many parts of India. This plant is already used traditionally in Sri Lanka for many purposes like vomiting, dysentery etc. Chemical constituents isolated from the plant different parts already investigated for many pharmacological and pharmaceutical activities like Anti-ulcer, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, cytotoxic, Antitumor, Antihistaminic, Hepatoprotective, Antifungal, Antifertility and Anti-inflammatory. This article is an attempt to compile all the details of plant Feronia elephantum Correa.

Semantic and Pragmatic Approach to Charakokta Mahakashayas -A Review

Ayurveda is a science of life and it is considered as one of the oldest system of medicine having holistic approach. Protection of health and cure of disease are the main two objectives of Ayurveda. Dosha, Dhatu and Malas are the root system of our body, thus, Dravya have been described in classical Ayurved texts according to Guna-Karma Siddhant. The rational use of drug is mentioned in Ayurved, Physician should have his therapeutic plan after examining patient by Dashvidha Pariksha. Charak Samhita is one of the Classical Text of Ayurveda from Bruhat-trayis written by Maharhi Agnivesh in 1000 BC re-edited by Acharya Charak, in 500 BC and completed by Dridhabala in 400 cent. AD. Acharya Charaka had described the Dravyas as per similar and peculiar pharmacological actions into 50 Mahakashayas based on Guna-karma Siddhant and Shrung Grahi Nyaya (Maxim). Mahakashay concept in Charaka Samhita is unique and peculiar. Its a ready recknover or practical prescriber for Ayurveda physicians, it is more concerned with rational use of drug in particular diseased condition. After describing Mahakashayas, Charakacharya described its utility. Mahakashay is unique concept in Charaka Samhita. During this Covid19 Pandaemic situation Mahakashayas were very useful for prevention and treatment of Covid 19, such as Jwarahar, Kasahar, Shwashar, Krumighna, Balya and Vayasthapan Mahakashays. These Mahakashays should be studied in Semantic way, means we should study the suffix words specially in Mahakashaya, that will help to draw some inferences and by pragmatic study of these Mahakashaya we can be able to understand the meaning behind context and concept- Such as knowing more facts about sequence of adding Dravyas in Mahakashayas. So if these Mahakashayas studied, with semantinic and pragmatic view, more inferences can be drawn and it will be beneficial for researchers, students, teachers and practitioners in future. Hence semantic and pragmatic study of Charakokta Mahakashaya is very much necessary.

A Detailed Review on Herbal Treatments for Treatment of PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Background: The review gives a brief about PCOS and the symptoms related to the disease. Around 2.2 to 26% cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the reproductive age group women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to correct the diseased condition. The various herbs have positive effect on the diseased condition and can be used to cure symptoms like hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, Menorrhagia, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, irregular menstrual cycle, etc. The search engines used are PubMed, various review articles, etc. Methods: The method involved in the review includes various medicinal herbs that have seen to affect women having various gynecological disorders like Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome, Uterine Fibroids, and Endometriosis. Materials: The herbs included in the review include Bauhinia variegata useful in hormone imbalance, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Commiphora wightii are used to regulate the hormones, Cinnamon cassia acts as an anti-oxidant, Tribulus terrestris improves reproductive dysfunction, Hypericum perforatum regulates depression, Commiphora myrrha prevents menorrhagia, Nigella sativa controls cholesterol, Saraca asoca has estrogenic action, Asparagus racemosus promotes folliculogenesis, Tinospora cordifolia regulates menstrual flow, Ocimum sanctum as an anti-oxidant. Conclusion:: The plants taken had positive effect on women with PCOS without causing any side-effects. The natural herbs used for the treatment of PCOS did not have any side effects and treated the diseased condition naturally. The review is to understand the natural plants available for the treatment of the disease naturally. The herbs can be used individually or can be used in combination.

CLASSICAL UTILITY OF PANCHATIKTA GUGGULU GHRITA IN ITS INDICATIONS- LITERARY REVIEW

Sneha Kalpanas in Ayurvedic medicine are very effective and unique preparations. In classics, for single formula- tion many indications are stated. For same preparation, some of ingredients are altered in various Samhitas. For a single disease, exact same protocol of treatment cannot be followed. Because treatment protocol will be based on many factors, treatment has to be employed by looking into the involvement of Dosha, Dooshya (tissues) and based on the diseased condition of a patient. In such condition, Yukti (reasoning capacity) of a physician plays important role. Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita (PTG Ghrita) is one unique formulation which has many indications stated in different Ayurvedic classics. The utility of this medicine can be made by looking into classics thoroughly and analyzing the condition of a patient. PTG Ghrita is indicated in almost all Dhatu and all Srotogata vyadhis (Systemic diseases). PTG Ghrita can be used as Sneha Drava, as a Shodhanaga sneha (oleation in purificatory therapies), as a Shamananga sneha (oleation in Palliative treatment) and also it can be used as Sneha Dravya in Basti dravya (drugs in Enema therapy). Keywords: PTG Ghrita, Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita, Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu, Asti-MajjagataVataVikara,

Significance of the Gut Microbiota in Acute Kidney Injury

Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy, as well as diseased condition. Various organs and systems, including the kidney, are affected by the gut microbiota. While the impacts of the gut microbiota have been reported mainly on chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury (AKI) is also affected by the intestinal environment. In this review, we discussed the pathogenesis of AKI, highlighting the relation to the gut microbiota. Since there is no established treatment for AKI, new treatments for AKI are highly desired. Some kinds of gut bacteria and their metabolites reportedly have protective effects against AKI. Current studies provide new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AKI.

Concept of Ekal Dravya Chikitsa (Single Drug Therapy) in Sushrut Samhita

Ayurveda is a holistic health care system which, aims to offer the user an optimum health by alleviating diseases and helps in maintaining, promoting health by advising proper daily and seasonal regimen along with rationalized therapeutics when indicated. A good physician is one who uses minimum substances for desired effect or maximum results. From ancient past, it has been revealed that Ayurveda had a vast knowledge in the field of application of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants have significant importance in human life as it helps in maintaining human health and in improving the quality of life. Also this application in the form of single dravya has also been evidenced in many of Ayurveda texts. Sushrut Samhita is one of the classical text of Ayurveda, basically a part of Brihatrayee, have been surviving from ancient time and considered to be an important treatise on medicine and surgery. It is one of the two foundational Hindi texts alongside the Charak Samhita, which includes knowledge about medicine as well as surgical training, instruments and procedures. Likewise in charak samita, use of EDC has been also mentioned in Sushrut Samhita for both inervention as well as surgical management of disease. Using Ekal Dravya for curing many disease has been mentioned in past by many of Aacharyas, considering Sushrut Samhita as the first Samhita of Ayurveda to use therapeutic interventions as well as surgical procedure for the management of clinical condition, It has been reviewed to assess the extent of use of EDC. Using single herb for managing diseased condition has been evidenced at various instances in Sushrut Samhita in conceptual as well as in applied form. This provides an evidenced based proof that EDC was mentioned in our ancient Ayurvea texts which now need to be explored, so as to minimize the load on biodiversity for using minium herbs in a disease where it is sufficed.

Immunity Boosting Drugs in Ayurveda – A Review

The concept of Immunity is mentioned as ‘Vyadhikshamatwa’ in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda numbers of medicinal herbs are described under immunity-enhancing drugs category. The concept of immunity enhancer is explained under the category of Rasayan chikitsa in Ayurveda. These herbs are used in various diseases, especially by modulating the immune system. These herbs are called as Rasayan Dravyas. Ayurveda medical science comprises the herbs which are Rasayana and also which are non-Rasayana in nature. In Samhitas entirely enriched with enormous data of Rasayana medicinal herbs acting as immune modulators. The data of available Samhitas and researches show that these Rasayana herbs have immense potential as immune modulators. Advanced researches have proven that drugs like Guduchi, Haritaki, Ashwagandha, Brahmi, Jyotishmati act as a good immune enhancer. Theses herbs are mentioned in Ayurveda as Rasayana drugs. Experimental studies also have proven the role of Rasayana drugs as antioxidant, adoptogenic and having anti-stress activities. These Rasayana drugs as having immunity enhancer protect the health of a healthy person and protects them from any type of diseased condition. Charakacharya had mentioned Rasayanchikitsa adhyay as the first addhya of their chikitsasthan considering his aim as ‘Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam’. This means to protect the health of a healthy person as in priority by using immunity enhancer drugs as Rasayanas. This review article empowers such reviewed data on Rasayan medicinal herbs as a promising future target for immunotherapy.

THERAPEUTIC USES OF NASYA KARMA: CONCEPTUAL CRITICAL REVIEW

Nasa (Nose) is an Indriya, which works not only to perceive the smell but also to provide the main breathing pathway, along with this, Nasa is one of the drug administration pathways. Acharyas have been placed Nasya as one of the Panchkarma procedures, which signify the importance of Nasya as Shodhana Karma (Purification procedure) especially for Urddhva-jatrugata Vikara (disease which affect the body above clavicle). Nasya Karma is a therapeutic measure in which the drug (Medicated Oil/Ghee/ Decoction/ Powder/Smoke etc.) is administered by Nasa (Nose) essentially to remove the vitiated Dosha found in Shira and its constituent parts. Indirectly, by enhancing the functions of the endocrine glands and nervous system, Nasya can operate on the entire body. In classics Nasya is mentioned in different type of supra-clavicular as well as in systemic diseases. So present review article focused on the therapeutic uses of Nasya Karma in different diseased condition which are proven by clinical researches.

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BASTI PROCEDURE OF AYURVEDA IN PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGY

In Ayurveda, Basti is a medical procedure in which the drug is administrated through anal route. In ancient time physicians used urinary bladder of sheep, cow and buffalo for giving medicated enema as an instrument. In Ayurveda, there are three basic humours vata, pitta and kapha. Disturbance in the homeostatic condition of these humours cause diseased condition. There are certain procedures explained by acharyas where increased doshas should be eliminated through the nearest opening. The principal site of vatadosha is pakwashaya (large intestine) and the nearest opening is anus. Drug administrated through this route act on the increased dosha bring it in homeostatic condition after removing excessive doshas through the anus. Vata is the only motivating force in the body which is responsible for spreading doshas all over the body and Basti is the main treatment for vata disorders. Ayurveda students should learn to appreciate their practical value through experimental experience. In an age where validity of concepts is judged by their scientific relevance, establishing the scientific validity of Basti is a programme of significance. It requires practical application and translating concept into the idiom of modern biology and medicine. In this article we are trying to establish a relevant correlation in terms of mechanism of action with modern physiology.