A Reflective, Processed-Kaolin Particle Film Affects Fruit Temperature, Radiation Reflection, and Solar Injury in Apple

Particle film technology is a new tool for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and Washington and West Virginia to evaluate the effect of particle film treatments on apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit temperature and the incidence of solar injury. Fruit surface temperature was reduced by the application of reflective particles and the amount of temperature reduction was proportional to the amount of particle residue on the fruit surface. Effective solar injury suppression was achieved with spray applications of 45 to 56 kg·ha-1 of a reflective, processed-kaolin particle film material in concentrations ranging from 3% to 12% in some of the locations. The timing of application to suppress solar injury was not clearly defined. The processed-kaolin particle film material was highly reflective to the ultraviolet wavelengths and this characteristic may be important in reducing solar injury to both fruit and leaves.

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Hydrophobic Particle Films Improve Tree Fruit Productivity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.548a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 548a-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.M. Glenn ◽

G. Puterka ◽

T. Baugher ◽

T. Unruh ◽

S. Drake

Keyword(s):

West Virginia ◽

Production Systems ◽

Fruit Size ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Red Color ◽

Tree Fruit ◽

Fruit Productivity ◽

Leaf Level ◽

Hydrophobic Particle

Hydrophobic particle film technology (HPF) is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Studies were established in Chile, and Washington, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia in the United States, to evaluate the effect of HPF technology on tree fruit yield and quality. Studies in Chile, Washington, and West Virginia demonstrated increased photosynthetic rate at the leaf level. Yield was increased in peaches (Chile) and apples (West Virginia), and fruit size was increased in apples (Washington and Pennsylvania). Increased red color in apple was demonstrated at all sites with reduced russetting and `Stayman' cracking in Pennsylvania. HPF technology appears to be an effective tool in reducing water and heat stress in tree fruit resulting in increased fruit quality.

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Particle Film Application Influences Apple Leaf Physiology, Fruit Yield, and Fruit Quality

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.126.2.175 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

D. Michael Glenn ◽

Gary J. Puterka ◽

Stephen R. Drake ◽

Thomas R. Unruh ◽

Allen L. Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Production Systems ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Leaf Physiology ◽

Malus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Fruit

Particle film technology is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and York Springs, Pa., Wenatchee and Yakima, Wash., and Kearneysville, W. Va., to evaluate the effect of particle treatments on apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh) Manst.] leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Leaf carbon assimilation was increased and canopy temperatures were reduced by particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. Yield and/or fruit weight was increased by the particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. In Santiago and Kearneysville, a* values of the fruit surface were more positive in all trials although a* values were not increased in Wenatchee and Yakima. Results indicate that particle film technology is an effective tool in reducing heat stress in apple trees that may result in increased yield potential and quality.

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The risk for insufficient chill accumulation: a climate change perspective for apple and cherry production in the United States

10.1101/2020.08.26.268979 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Noorazar ◽

Lee Kalcsits ◽

Vincent P. Jones ◽

Matthew S. Jones ◽

Kirti Rajagopalan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Production Systems ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Spring Phenology ◽

Tree Fruit ◽

Production Risks

AbstractWinter chill accumulation is critical for the productivity and profitability of perennial tree fruit production systems. Several studies have quantified the impacts of global warming on risks of insufficient chill accumulation in the warmer tree fruit and nut production regions of the United States (US), such as the Southeast and California, where these risks are currently prevalent. In this work, we focus on the Pacific Northwest US – the largest production area in the US for apples, pears and cherries – and quantify the potential risk of insufficient chill accumulation. Our results highlight large spatial variations in response within the PNW, with northern areas projected to have reduced risks and southern areas projected to have increased risks. In the southern areas, rather than chill accumulation in and of itself, it is the combination of reduced and delayed chill accumulation with likely advancement in spring phenology that lead to production risks. In spite of future reductions to chill accumulation, risks of insufficient chill accumulation seem limited for apple even with advancement of spring phenology. Under the extreme “no climate policy” RCP 8.5 climate projections, the production risks are significant for early blooming crops (e.g. cherries) and varieties with relatively high chill portions requirements (e.g. Sam cherries), necessitating planning for management strategies such as frost protection and chemical management of budbreak to address potential risks which have not historically been a concern in the region. Under less extreme warming outcomes, the PNW tree fruit production systems are likely to remain resilient. Given that the convergence of the fulfillment of chilling requirements and environmental conditions promoting budbreak is where potential risk to perennial tree fruit production exists, future work should focus on understanding, modelling and projecting responses within this convergence space. Additionally, given significant spatial differences across a relatively small geographic range, it is also critical to understand and model these dynamics at a local landscape resolution for regions such as the PNW that faced limited risk historically, but could be exposed to new risks under a warming climate.

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Hydrophobic Particles for Pest Control in Deciduous Tree Fruit Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.467d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 467D-467

Author(s):

D.M. Glenn ◽

G. Puterka ◽

T. van der Zwet ◽

R. Byers

Keyword(s):

Leaf Surface ◽

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Pest Damage ◽

Tree Fruit ◽

Hydrophobic Particles

Fruit production requires extensive use of pesticides to control pest damage and maintain high product quality. Hydrophobic particles alter the leaf surface due to the hydrophobic and reflective nature of the particles and impart characteristics that make the plant surface incompatible, and/or unrecognizable to the pest. Hydrophobic particles were applied to apple and pear in field and greenhouse studies. Specific diseases, insect pests, plant growth, and yield were monitored and evaluated on treated plants in comparison to untreated and chemically treated controls. Powdery mildew in apple and Fabrea leaf spot in pear were controlled by the hydrophobic particles. Aphids, mites, and psylla were controlled in apple and pear. Hydrophobic clays have the potential of cross-protection for several disease and insect pests while imparting beneficial horticultural effects that would increase long-term productivity and sustainability of fruit production systems.

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Tree Fruit Production

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-195907000-00019 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JAMES S. SHOEMAKER ◽

BENJAMIN J. E. TESKEY

Keyword(s):

Fruit Production ◽

Tree Fruit

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Automation in tree fruit production: principles and practice

10.1079/9781780648507.0000 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Fruit Production ◽

Tree Fruit

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Size Exclusion Chromatographic Cleanup for GC/MS Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Household and Vehicle Dust

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/85.1.36 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Thomas F Moate ◽

Matthew Furia ◽

Cynthia Curl ◽

Juan F Muniz ◽

Jianbo Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽

Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Selected Ion Monitoring ◽

Size Exclusion Chromatographic ◽

Tree Fruit ◽

Exclusion Chromatography

Abstract Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used as a cleanup method for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in household and vehicle dusts. The pesticides investigated were diazinon, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, phosmet, and azinphosmethyl. These compounds are of interest due to their use in agricultural tree fruit production and/or urban pest control. Pesticides were determined via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring and cool on-column injection. The lower limit of method validation was 0.20 μg/g. Method limits of detection in dust ranged from 0.012–0.055 μg/g. Dust samples were collected with vacuums from the homes and vehicles of people living and working in a rural agricultural region in the central part of Washington State. The analytes were extracted from the dust by sonication in acetone. The extracts were solvent-exchanged to cyclohexane, frozen, thawed, and centrifuged prior to SEC injection. Following SEC, the eluent was split into 2 fractions, concentrated, and injected on-column into the gas chromatograph. This method represents the first complete publication describing the SEC cleanup of organophosphorus pesticides in dusts. Recoveries of pesticides in dusts ranged from 63.5–110.8 ± 4.9–19.6% over a fortification range of 0.20–10.00 μg/g. This optimized, automated, and reproducible SEC method does not require further treatment or cleanup for trace determination of these organophosphorus pesticides.

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