scholarly journals Inheritance of Dwarfiness and Erect Growth Habit in Progenies of Jatropha curcas × Jatropha integerrima

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khin Thida One ◽  
Narathid Muakrong ◽  
Chamnanr Phetcharat ◽  
Patcharin Tanya ◽  
Peerasak Srinives
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Canopy Size

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is one of the most popular tree crops for seed production as a source of oil for biodiesel. However, currently grown cultivars are too large in canopy size and thus have very low harvest index. Alteration of canopy height and size can lead to identification of a desirable plant architecture for jatropha. A study was conducted to determine genetic control of dwarfiness and erect growth habit in jatropha populations derived from an interspecific cross between J. curcas with tall-erect (TL-ER) plant type and J. integerrima with dwarf-spreading (DW-SP) plant type. Crosses were made between both species to develop F1, F2, BC1F1, and BC1F2 generations. The F2 plants segregated at a 1:2:1 ratio for tall (TL), intermediate (ID), and dwarf (DW) plant types as well as for spreading (SP), upright (UP), and erect (ER) canopy angles. Both characters segregated independently producing nine phenotypes including TL-ER, TL-UP, TL-SP, ID-ER, ID-UP, ID-SP, DW-ER, DW-UP, and DW-SP at a 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 ratio. The BC1F1 (J. curcas × F1) plant segregated into TL-ER, TL-UP, ID-ER, and ID-UP at a 1:1:1:1 expected ratio. Six BC1F2 lines were also evaluated to confirm the results by selfing two trees each of BC1F1 showing TL-ER, TL-UP, and ID-ER growth habits. The progenies of TL-ER trees were all TL-ER; the progenies of TL-UP trees segregated into TL-ER, TL-UP, and TL-SP at an expected 1:2:1 ratio, whereas the progenies of ID-ER trees segregated into TL-ER, ID-ER, and DW-ER at an expected 1:2:1 ratio. The results indicated that dwarfiness and erect growth habit were each controlled by independent genes with incomplete dominant action. The knowledge and progenies obtained from this study can be used in breeding jatropha for desirable canopy size and shape.

EFFECT OF GENERATION AND LOCATION OF SEED PRODUCTION ON GROWTH HABIT AND ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE IN ARC ALFALFA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
J. H. ELGIN Jr. ◽  
C. M. RINCKER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Fall Growth

Thirty-one seedlots of Arc alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), produced between 1971 and 1974 at Prosser, Wash.; Stanfield, Oreg.; and Shafter and Tehachapi, Calif., were evaluated for shifts in field growth habits (regrowth after cutting, winter injury, and date of flowering) and greenhouse anthracnose resistance. Seedlots represented one (Syn 2), two (Syn 3), and three (Syn 4) generations of increase beyond the original Syn 1 lot, grown under four diverse environments. Results indicated a tendency for shift in regrowth rate among the Syn 3 and Syn 4 generation seedlots produced at Shafter, Calif. No shift in regrowth rate was observed for the other locations and no significant trends away from the original lot were observed for winter injury, date of flowering or anthracnose resistance.Key words: Medicago sativa L., seed production, genetic shifts, anthracnose resistance, fall growth, regrowth

scholarly journals Genetic Interactions of Pillar (Columnar), Compact, and Dwarf Peach Tree Genotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Scorza ◽  
Daniele Bassi ◽  
Alessandro Liverani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Growth Habits

A study was conducted to determine genetic control of the columnar or pillar (PI) growth habit, and to evaluate the effects of interactions of various genes that influence peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] growth habit. The PI habit (brbr) examined in this study was inherited as a monogenic trait expressing incomplete dominance. The heterozygous Brbr derived from crosses between standard (ST) and PI genotypes was recognized as an upright (UP) tree with narrower branch angles than ST trees but wider than PI trees. The combination of brbr and brachytic dwarf (DW) (dwdw) produced dwarf-pillar (DWPI) trees. The effects of the heterozygous Brbr in combination with dw and/or compact (CT) (Ct) could not be recognized by visual observation. Compact pillar (CTPI) trees resulted from the expression of Ct_ brbr. These trees were distinguished from globe-shaped (GL) trees (Ct_Brbr) by the more upright growth habit of the CTPI trees. This genetic study highlights the genetic plasticity of tree growth habit in peach. The investigation of novel growth habits extends our concept of the peach tree. Some growth habits such as PI may have commercial potential for high-density peach production systems. Others, such as DWPI and CTPI may have potential as ornamentals.

Gene mapping of brachytic stem and its effects on yield-related traits in soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyou Cui ◽  
Qingchang Meng ◽  
Junyi Gai ◽  
Deyue Yu
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit

Plant height, determinate growth habit, and brachytic stem are 3 major plant-type traits of soybean. In this report, a population of 151 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Bogao (high stature, indeterminate growth habit, and normal stem) and Nannong 94-156 (short stature, determinate growth habit, and brachytic stem) was used to map genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 3 plant-type traits and to reveal the effects of brachytic stem on yield-related traits including seed yield, apparent biological yield, apparent harvest index, plant height, and days to maturity. The results indicated that brachytic stem (sb) and determinate growth habit (dt1) were mapped on linkage groups B2 and L, respectively. Two major QTLs related to plant height were detected and mapped on linkage group L near dt1, and 0.6 cM above the Sb locus on linkage group B2 across 2 years. These 2 QTLs explained 15.1% and 52.7% of the phenotypic variation, and decreased plant height by 9.2 and 17.6 cm, respectively. It was found that only one QTL was detected and mapped on linkage group L near dt1 across 2 years. Lines with brachytic stem had shorter plant height, lower biomass, yield, and harvest index, and essentially no differences in days to maturity when compared with normal stem lines.

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Polyethylene Crystals

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
F. Khoury ◽  
L. H. Bolz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Growth Habits

The lateral growth habits and non-planar conformations of polyethylene crystals grown from dilute solutions (<0.1% wt./vol.) are known to vary depending on the crystallization temperature.1-3 With the notable exception of a study by Keith2, most previous studies have been limited to crystals grown at <95°C. The trend in the change of the lateral growth habit of the crystals with increasing crystallization temperature (other factors remaining equal, i.e. polymer mol. wt. and concentration, solvent) is illustrated in Fig.l. The lateral growth faces in the lozenge shaped type of crystal (Fig.la) which is formed at lower temperatures are {110}. Crystals formed at higher temperatures exhibit 'truncated' profiles (Figs. lb,c) and are bound laterally by (110) and (200} growth faces. In addition, the shape of the latter crystals is all the more truncated (Fig.lc), and hence all the more elongated parallel to the b-axis, the higher the crystallization temperature.

Genetics of growth habit in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.)Verdc.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basalapura Rangegowda Chandana ◽  
Sampangi Ramesh ◽  
Gonal Basanagouda ◽  
Rotti Kirankumar ◽  
Kyasampalli Venkatesh Reddy Ashwini
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Horse Gram ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit ◽  
Growth Habits

Abstract Growth habit is a plant architectural trait in grain legumes with no exception of horse gram. Determinacy and indeterminacy are the two types of growth habits reported in horse gram. Relative advantages of the two types of growth habit depend on the production systems to which cultivars are targeted. Dependable information on genetics of growth habit provide clues for adopting the most appropriate selection strategy to breed high yielding horse gram varieties with desired growth habit. Taking cues from the past studies, we hypothesize that growth habit in horse gram is controlled by two genes displaying inhibitory epistasis and indeterminacy is dominant over determinacy. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the inheritance of growth habit in F1, F2 and F3 generations derived from two crosses involving parents differing for growth habit. Contrary to our hypothesis, determinate growth habit of F1s of both the crosses suggested dominance of determinacy over indeterminacy. A good fit of observed segregation of F2 plants to that of the hypothesized segregation in the ratio of 13 determinate: 3 indeterminate plants, besides confirming dominance of determinacy, suggested classical digenic inhibitory epistatic control of growth habit. These results were further confirmed in F3 generation based on goodness of fit between observed numbers of plants segregating for determinacy and indeterminacy and those expected in the ratio of 49 determinate: 15 indeterminate plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the inheritance of growth habit in horse gram.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Performances of Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) Genotypes in Agronomy Farm of Lamjung Campus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Chandan Bhattarai ◽  
Dinesh Marasini ◽  
Prabin Dawadi ◽  
Sadkishya Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
The Given

Seed to seed production experiments for cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) was conducted at Agronomy farm at IAAS Lamjung, and to compare production potentialities of given cowpea genotypes under the given sets of conditions. The treatment consists of two cowpea varieties viz. Prakash (Standard Check) and Malepatan (Local check) and four genotypes; IT 99K-573-2-1, IT 86F-2062-5, IT 93K-452-1, IT 98K-205-8. The experiment was conducted on RCBD design. .All other activities were carried out according to prepared working calendar almost from August 2016 to December 2016.  Data collection were done for pre-determined growth and other yield parameters and was analyzed using MSTAT. Major parameters were Grain yield, Seeds/plant, Pods/plant, plant height, pod length, harvest index and test weight. Result shows maximum grain yield and harvest index was found for Prakash (Standard Check).Plant height and Pods /Plant was found highest for IT 99K-573-2-1. Similarly highest seed weight was found for Prakash (Standard Check) and Seeds/Plant and Pod length was maximum for IT 86F-2062-5.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 382-385

Multi‐trait Selection of Pumpkin Genotypes Aimed at Reducing the Growth Habit and Improving Seed Production

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lourenço Oliveira ◽  
Ronaldo Silva Gomes ◽  
Cleverson Freitas Almeida ◽  
Ronaldo Machado Júnior ◽  
João Romero A. S. de C. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Selection Of

Replacement of cv. Yarloop in swards by new genotypes of Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. yanninicum and the effects of defoliation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
GJ Burch ◽  
P Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Yarloop is a waterlogging-tolerant cultivar of Trifolium subterraneum subsp. yanninicum; it is highly oestrogenic. It is known to be a strong competitor and is widely grown in south-western Australia. Three new low-oestrogenic, waterlogging-tolerant genotypes of subsp. yanninicum were grown in monoculture, and in binary mixture in competition with cv. Yarloop, in large boxes in a glasshouse. Of the three, Y111 and Y136 gave satisfactory growth relative to Yarloop, and exhibited similar flowering and seed production; cv. Larisa, a late-maturing type, performed well until flowering and had a lower seed number than Yarloop. A second experiment examined the effects of defoliation during the vegetative phase on the relative performance of cv. Yarloop and cv. Larisa growing in mixtures of varying proportions. Two overall densities were used. The dominance of Yarloop over Larisa in uncut swards, due to its more vigorous growth habit, was nullified by regular cutting. The agronomic implications of the results are discussed.

Yield components, harvest index and plant type in relation to yield differences in field pea genotypes

Euphytica ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Jan Moot ◽  
David Leslie McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Plant Type
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