Replacement of cv. Yarloop in swards by new genotypes of Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. yanninicum and the effects of defoliation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
GJ Burch ◽  
P Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Yarloop is a waterlogging-tolerant cultivar of Trifolium subterraneum subsp. yanninicum; it is highly oestrogenic. It is known to be a strong competitor and is widely grown in south-western Australia. Three new low-oestrogenic, waterlogging-tolerant genotypes of subsp. yanninicum were grown in monoculture, and in binary mixture in competition with cv. Yarloop, in large boxes in a glasshouse. Of the three, Y111 and Y136 gave satisfactory growth relative to Yarloop, and exhibited similar flowering and seed production; cv. Larisa, a late-maturing type, performed well until flowering and had a lower seed number than Yarloop. A second experiment examined the effects of defoliation during the vegetative phase on the relative performance of cv. Yarloop and cv. Larisa growing in mixtures of varying proportions. Two overall densities were used. The dominance of Yarloop over Larisa in uncut swards, due to its more vigorous growth habit, was nullified by regular cutting. The agronomic implications of the results are discussed.

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

Comparison of the phosphate requirements of burr medic and yellow serradella with subterranean clover in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Paynter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Absolute Yield ◽  
Burr Medic ◽  
Internal Efficiency

Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) were compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in their response to freshly topdressed phosphate in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. Species were compared on the amount of applied phosphorus (P) required for 90% maximum yield and the ratio of their curvature coefficients from the Mitscherlich relationship between P applied and absolute yield. On marginally acidic, medium-textured soils, burr medic had a higher external shoot requirement for applied P than subterranean clover. Relative differences between the species were affected by season, initial concentration of bicarbonate-extractable P in the soil (0-10 cm), and timing of plant harvest during the growing season. Burr medic generally achieved a higher absolute maximum yield at each harvest, a larger absolute yield response, and a larger percentage response to applied P than subterranean clover. There was no difference between burr medic and subterranean clover with respect to the internal efficiency of P use for shoot production. For seed production, the external requirements of burr medic and subterranean clover for applied P were similar according to the criterion of P required at 90% maximum yield, but burr medic had a higher requirement if curvature coefficient was the criterion for comparison. Burr medic also had a higher internal efficiency of P use for seed production than subterranean clover. On an acidic, light-textured soil, yellow serradella had a lower requirement for applied P than subterranean clover, according to both criteria for all harvests in 2 separate years.

Effect of burr burial on seed production of Trifolium subterraneaum subsp. brachycalycinum and other annual legumes

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
WJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Seed Yields

On sandy soil near Esperance, W.A., prevention of burr burial compared with covering developing burrs with sand drastically reduced the seed production of three subspp. of Trifolium subterraneum (brachycalycinum, subterraneum and yanninicum) and of T. israeliticum by reducing burr production and seed weight. However, T. globosum produced similar amounts of seed from unburied and buried burrs. On sandy soil at Shenton Park, Perth, W.A., prevention of burr burial also reduced seed production of T. subterraneum subspp. brachycalycinum and subterraneum, this being due to fewer burrs, fewer seeds per burr and lighter seed. For subsp. brachycalycinum, seed yields were two to five times greater from burrs which developed within loose gravel than from those developed over sand (in which fewer burrs were able to bury) as a result of increased production of burrs, more seeds per burr and heavier seed. However, for subsp. subterraneum seed yields were similar from burrs whether developed over gravel or sand.

scholarly journals Harvesting subterranean clover seed – current practices, technology and issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Wesley M. Moss ◽  
Andrew L. Guzzomi ◽  
Kevin J. Foster ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Phillip G. H. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Pasture Plant ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Pasture Legume

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is Australia’s most widely sown annual pasture legume. Its widespread use as a pasture plant requires a well-functioning seed production industry, and Australia is the only significant producer of subterranean clover seed globally. However, the sustainability of this industry is under threat due to its reliance on ageing harvest equipment and the resultant environmental impacts. In order to evaluate seed harvesting practices, technology, and issues, we report on case studies, workshops, and a survey of seed producers across southern Australia. The Horwood Bagshaw Clover Harvester, designed in the 1950s, remains the most popular subterranean clover seed harvester. We discuss its use and modifications, and document several contemporary issues facing the seed production industry. Issues are primarily soil erosion and degradation; the expensive, slow and labour-intensive harvest process; and poor reliability and maintainability of harvesters that are now at least 30 years old. We conclude the root cause of these issues is the suction harvest technology utilised by the Horwood Bagshaw Clover Harvester. Analysis of the current harvest system is provided to support the development of new approaches to harvest subterranean clover seeds.

Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Mullerova ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Food Produce

Abstract H. mantegazzianum has spread rapidly in a number of European countries after introduction as an ornamental from its native area in Russia and Georgia. It continues to be available as an ornamental, and also occurs as a contaminant of food produce in international trade, and is therefore likely to spread further. It is an undesirable invader on account of its large size, prolific seed production and vigorous growth leading to gross changes in vegetation, obstruction of access to river banks, soil erosion, and serious dermatological effects on skin contact. A large volume of information on this weed is incorporated into the volume by Pysek et al. (2007b).

Multi‐trait Selection of Pumpkin Genotypes Aimed at Reducing the Growth Habit and Improving Seed Production

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lourenço Oliveira ◽  
Ronaldo Silva Gomes ◽  
Cleverson Freitas Almeida ◽  
Ronaldo Machado Júnior ◽  
João Romero A. S. de C. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Selection Of

An analysis of the frequency and timing of false break events in the Mediterranean region of Western Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chapman ◽  
S. Asseng
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Mediterranean

Historical meteorological data were used to estimate the frequency and timing of false break events at 10 locations in the annual pasture and wheat producing area in the Mediterranean climatic region of Western Australia. The seasonal pattern of false breaks identified by this analysis was compared with the dynamics of dormancy release in a field population of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to determine the influence that these events may have on the legume content of annual pasture communities in this region. False break events were estimated to occur on approximately 2 of every 3 years (611–72% of years) with no significant differences across the area investigated. Changes in the risk of false break events were examined over discrete time periods. The period of greatest risk was predicted to occur during early autumn (early March to mid April). Seed softening is virtually complete in subterranean clover at this point. The seed bank strategy of this species is, therefore, not well adapted to withstand the effects of false breaks. This might largely explain the poor persistence of subterranean clover in the annual pasture communities in the Mediterranean region of Western Australia. The legume content of these pastures might be improved by selecting species with late dormancy release strategies that will give better protection from false breaks.

Residual value of molybdenum trioxide for clover production on an acidic sandy podzol

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Yield Plateau ◽  
Mo Content

The residual value (RV) of molybdenum (Mo) for clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) production was measured for an acidic sand when the fertiliser was spread over the soil surface (topdressed). The RV of Mo, as molybdenum trioxide, the most widely used Mo fertiliser in Western Australia, was measured using yield of dry herbage (DM), Mo concentration of DM, and Mo content of DM (yield of DM multiplied by the Mo concentration of DM). The RV of Mo fertiliser was measured in 1993 for fertiliser Mo applied once only to plots not treated with Mo before, either in 1993 (current Mo) or 1-10 years previously (previous Mo). Relative to the nil-Mo treatment, additions of Mo fertiliser increased DM yield by about 1.20 t/ha (20% DM increase) in October. When 80 or 320 g Mo/ha was applied, all yields were on the maximum yield plateau except for Mo applied 10 years previously. The yield for the 80 g Mo/ha treatment applied 10 years earlier decreased by about 15% relative to the other current and previous Mo treatments. However, as measured using Mo concentration and Mo content in DM, there was a continuous decline in the effectiveness of previous Mo relative to current Mo the longer the previous Mo was in contact with the soil. The decrease in RV was about the same as measured using Mo concentration or content in tissue. Molybdenum applied 5 years previously was about one-third as effective as current Mo for Mo content or Mo concentration of DM.

Comparing different sources of sulfur for high-rainfall pastures insouth-western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
J. S. Yeates ◽  
M. F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Different Sources

The dry herbage yield increase (response) of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-based pasture (>85% clover) to applications of different sources of sulfur (S) was compared in 7 field experiments on very sandy soils in the > 650 mm annual average rainfall areas of south-western Australia where S deficiency of clover is common when pastures grow rapidly during spring (August–November). The sources compared were single superphosphate, finely grained and coarsely grained gypsum from deposits in south-western Australia, and elemental S. All sources were broadcast (topdressed) once only onto each plot, 3 weeks after pasture emerged at the start of the first growing season. In each subsequent year, fresh fertiliser-S as single superphosphate was applied 3 weeks after pasture emerged to nil-S plots previously not treated with S since the start of the experiment. This was to determine the residual value of sources applied at the start of the experiment in each subsequent year relative to superphosphate freshly-applied in each subsequent year. In addition, superphosphate was also applied 6, 12 and 16 weeks after emergence of pasture in each year, using nil-S plots not previously treated with S since the start of the experiment. Pasture responses to applied S are usually larger after mid-August, so applying S later may match plant demand increasing the effectiveness of S for pasture production and may also reduce leaching losses of the applied S.At the same site, yield increases to applied S varied greatly, from 0 to 300%, at different harvests in the same or different years. These variations in yield responses to applied S are attributed to the net effect of mineralisation of different amounts of S from soil organic matter, dissolution of S from fertilisers, and different amounts of leaching losses of S from soil by rainfall. Within each year at each site, yield increases were mostly larger in spring (September–November) than in autumn (June–August). In the year of application, single superphosphate was equally or more effective than the other sources. In years when large responses to S occurred, applying single superphosphate later in the year was more effective than applying single superphosphate 3 weeks after pasture emerged (standard practice), so within each year the most recently applied single superphosphate treatment was the most effective S source. All sources generally had negligible residual value, so S needed to be applied each year to ensure S deficiency did not reduce pasture production.

Occurrence of Phytophthora clandestina in Trifolium subterraneum paddocks in Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aldaoud ◽  
W. Guppy ◽  
L. Callinan ◽  
S. F. Flett ◽  
K. A. Wratten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Differential Cultivars

In 1995–96, a survey of soil samples from subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) paddocks was conducted across Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, to determine the distribution and the prevalence of races of Phytophthora clandestina (as determined by the development of root rot on differential cultivars), and the association of its occurrence with paddock variables. In all states, there was a weak but significant association between P. clandestina detected in soil samples and subsequent root rot susceptibility of differential cultivars grown in these soil samples. Phytophthora clandestina was found in 38% of the sampled sites, with a significantly lower prevalence in South Australia (27%). There were significant positive associations between P. clandestina detection and increased soil salinity (Western Australia), early growth stages of subterranean clover (Victoria), mature subterranean clover (South Australia), recently sown subterranean clover (South Australia), paddocks with higher subterranean clover content (Victoria), where herbicides were not applied (South Australia), irrigation (New South Wales and Victoria), cattle grazing (South Australia and Victoria), early sampling dates (Victoria and New South Wales), sampling shortly after the autumn break or first irrigation (Victoria), shorter soil storage time (Victoria) and farmer’s perception of root rot being present (Victoria and New South Wales). Only 29% of P. clandestina isolates could be classified under the 5 known races. Some of the unknown races were virulent on cv. Seaton Park LF (most resistant) and others were avirulent on cv. Woogenellup (most susceptible). Race 1 was significantly less prevalent in South Australia than Victoria and race 0 was significantly less prevalent in New South Wales than in South Australia and Western Australia. This study revealed extremely wide variation in the virulence of P. clandestina. The potential importance of the results on programs to breed for resistance to root rot are discussed. in South Australia.

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