Multi‐trait Selection of Pumpkin Genotypes Aimed at Reducing the Growth Habit and Improving Seed Production

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lourenço Oliveira ◽  
Ronaldo Silva Gomes ◽  
Cleverson Freitas Almeida ◽  
Ronaldo Machado Júnior ◽  
João Romero A. S. de C. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

scholarly journals NUCLEUS SEED MULTIPLICATION

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
E. Kevern
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Selection Of

The multiplic,ation of Nucleus Seed to produce Breeders' Seed of any of the Grasslands Division cultivars not covered by Head Licensees is handled by the Grasslands Division Seed Production Specialist. The procedure for the selection of increase areas is as follows. The Region: Wherever possible, cultivars are kept to districts that produce that type of cultivar already. As an example, 'Grasslands Ruanui' perennial ryegrass is grown at Waitohi in South Canterbury. This helps eliminate chance of crosspollination, provides better isolation, and reduces the likelihood of disagreements between

Problems of amenity grass seed production in New Zealand

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
L. Corkill ◽  
W. Rumball
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of seed production of amenity grasses in New Zealand are considered from two aspects - (a) increasing seed potential by breeding; (b) achieving that potential by good management as practised in the Netherlands, (a) In terms of breeding, the strategies to increase seed yield depended to some degree on the species concerned. With browntop it was necessary to discard about two-thirds of the most promising genotypes because of poor heading, but the remaining genotypes flowered freely and in unison, and gave good seed yields. With fescue even the best original plants were sparsely heading, so direct selection for prolificacy has been needed. This was also carried out for perennial ryegrass, as well as selection of early-heading genotypes to avoid infection by stem rust. (b) It is suggested that areas for seed of amenity grasses in New Zealand should be used for seed production only rather than for both forage and seed as is the usual practice. Techniques used in the Netherlands could serve as guidelines to procedures. The implications of low seeding rates, good weed control, high fertilizer applications and minimum cutting or grazing in promoting strong individual plants capable of high seed yields are discussed. Keywords: Amenity grass, seed production, New Zealand, breeding, management, Netherlands, Agrostis tenuis, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne

SPONTANEOUS SELF-FERTILIZATION IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN SWEET CLOVER (MELILOTUS)

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Kirk ◽  
T. M. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Selection Of

The chief determining factor in spontaneous self-fertilization in white sweet clover (Melilotus alba) appears to be the distribution of pollen within the unopened flowers. This in turn depends on (1) length of stamens, (2) length of style, (3) amount of pollen, and (4) size of cavity within the upper part of the keel. When the flower structure and quantity of pollen is such as to insure the deposition of pollen grains on the stigma before the blossom is likely to be disturbed by insects, the plant will be normally self-fertilized. In the yellow flowered species of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) spontaneous self-fertilization is effectively prevented, except in certain varieties, by a characteristic of the stigma which makes it unreceptive. Scarification of the stigmatic surface appears to be necessary before fertilization can take place. Variation occurs also, as in M. alba, in the length of stamens and style, size of keel cavity, and the amount of pollen.There is a high correlation in M. alba between the percentage of flowers which are naturally self-pollinated and the percentage of flowers which produce pods when the plants are caged to exclude insects. Selection of plants which are normally self-fertilized can be made by examining the early flowers, thus obviating the necessity of bagging or caging plants which do not possess this character.A strain of M. alba which is normally self-fertilized was found to produce almost twice as much seed as another strain which is normally cross-pollinated under comparable conditions in the field.

Replacement of cv. Yarloop in swards by new genotypes of Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. yanninicum and the effects of defoliation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
GJ Burch ◽  
P Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Yarloop is a waterlogging-tolerant cultivar of Trifolium subterraneum subsp. yanninicum; it is highly oestrogenic. It is known to be a strong competitor and is widely grown in south-western Australia. Three new low-oestrogenic, waterlogging-tolerant genotypes of subsp. yanninicum were grown in monoculture, and in binary mixture in competition with cv. Yarloop, in large boxes in a glasshouse. Of the three, Y111 and Y136 gave satisfactory growth relative to Yarloop, and exhibited similar flowering and seed production; cv. Larisa, a late-maturing type, performed well until flowering and had a lower seed number than Yarloop. A second experiment examined the effects of defoliation during the vegetative phase on the relative performance of cv. Yarloop and cv. Larisa growing in mixtures of varying proportions. Two overall densities were used. The dominance of Yarloop over Larisa in uncut swards, due to its more vigorous growth habit, was nullified by regular cutting. The agronomic implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals The Novel ps and ps-2 Specific Markers for Selection of Functional Male Sterile Tomato Lines in Breeding Programs and Hybrids Seed Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslawa Staniaszek ◽  
Katarzyna Szajko ◽  
Elzbieta U. Kozik ◽  
Marzena Nowakowska ◽  
Waldemar Marczewski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals A “Stressed” Alfalfa-Based Cropping System Leads to the Selection of Quizalofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Collavo ◽  
Silvia Panozzo ◽  
Antonio Allegri ◽  
Maurizio Sattin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl ◽  
Selection Of

Italian ryegrass populations investigated in this study were harvested in an alfalfa-based cropping system. In that system, the agronomic practices and chemical weed management, based on the use of aryloxyphenoxy-propionates herbicides (i.e., quizalofop ethyl ester), were optimized to obtain a dual seed–forage production. Five of seven populations tested were confirmed resistant to quizalofop ethyl ester with resistance indexes ranging from 4.5 to >209. Both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were most likely involved. Three allelic variants were detected (Ile-1781–Leu, Trp-2027–Cys, and Ile-2041–Asn) in four resistant populations, whereas no known mutations were found in one resistant population. The herbicide treatment on Italian ryegrass plants at different phenological stages suggested that to control regrowth, it is necessary to use two to fives times the herbicide dose suitable for younger plants. This situation is encountered in fields when Italian ryegrass plants need to be controlled to maximize the alfalfa seed production, and it is comparable to using a sublethal herbicide dose, leading to the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. In such a situation, the cropping system is not sustainable, and integrated weed management should be implemented to deplete the soil weed seed bank and prevent new weed seed production.

scholarly journals Characterization and selection of interspecific hybrids of Brachiaria decumbens for seed production in Campo Grande - MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenise Castilho Monteiro ◽  
Jaqueline Rosemeire Verzignassi ◽  
Sanzio Carvalho Lima Barrios ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle ◽  
Celso Dornelas Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Seed Production and Seed Sources of Organic Vegetables

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bonina ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Selection Of

The organic vegetable industry is flourishing due to consumers preference for organically grown produce over traditionally produced vegetables. As a result, an increase in the variety and selection of many vegetables in retail supermarkets and restaurants throughout the United States has occurred recently. With the new regulation (October 2000) requiring organic seed sources for organically labeled vegetables, many organic growers are searching for certified organic seed. Smaller seed companies have produced the majority of organically produced seed to date. The commercial seed sector is starting to provide a more diverse selection of cultivars, yet there are still many hybrids that are not yet available. For growers in Florida, there is opportunity to produce organic, though it is not widely practiced. This report serves as a guide to organic seed production in Florida. This document is HS981, one of a series of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date: July 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs227

scholarly journals Selection of promising apple genotypes for columnar growth habit and scab resistance using diagnostic DNA markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
N. I. Savel’ev ◽  
A. S. Lyzhin ◽  
N. N. Savel’eva
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Columnar Growth ◽  
Selection Of
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