scholarly journals Clinical Comparative Study between Fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine with Bupivacaine for Lower Limb Surgery in Spinal Anaesthesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Tuhin Vashishth ◽  
Sangeeta Varun
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Block Time ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
Group D

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a preferred technique of choice in infraumbilical surgeries. The spinal anesthesia effect can be improved by adding various adjuvant like Fentanyl, clonidine, dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. The aim of study to compare efficacy and safety between Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl with Bupivacaine.Subjects and Methods:A prospective randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 100 patient by dividing them into two groups. Group D: 2.5ml (12.5mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 5mcg (0.5ml) dexmedetomidine and Group F : 2.5ml(12.5mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 2 5mcg(0.5ml)  fentanyl. The total volume injected intrathecally was 3.0ml in ASA I and II grade patient undergoing lower limb surgery.Results:Patients in dexmedetomidine groupD had a significantly longer sensory and motor block time than patients in fentanyl group F.The mean time of sensory regression to level S1 was 306.00 ± 13 .32 in group D and 206.14± 16.69 in group F(P<0.001). The regression time of motor block to reach modified Bromage 0 was 257.70±14.61 in group D and 178.54±14.23 in group F(P<0.001).Conclusion:Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine is associated with prolonging motor and sensory block as compare to Fentanyl.

scholarly journals Isobaric levobupivacaine a better and safer substitute for spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing prolonged lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3111
Author(s):  
Wasimul Hoda ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Priodarshi Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Bupivacaine being the drug of choice for spinal anaesthesia is associated with serious cardiac toxicity. Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, both being the two S enantiomers of bupivacaine can be a safer alternatives with better cardiovascular safety. Hence, the clinical efficacy of both were assessed and compared in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled double blind study was done in 68 adult posted for elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under spinal anesthesia. They were randomized into 2 groups. About 3ml isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% (15mg) was given in group A and 3ml isobaric ropivacaine 0.5% (15mg) was given in group B. Onset, duration of sensory and motor blocks, time for maximum sensory and motor block, time for 2 segment sensory regression and haemodynamic parameters were recorded and analyzed.Results: All patients achieved a sensory block of T10 dermatome. Onset of sensory blockade at T10 was similar in both groups, group A (5.71±1.31min) and group B (5.94±1.72min). Time from injection to two dermatomal regression was 129.68±15.54min in group A and 111.38±22.35min in group B. Onset of Bromage score of 1 in group A was 4.68±1.27min and in group B was 6.44±1.64min. The mean duration of motor and complete motor block was prolonged in group A patients (197.74±18.51min, 168.82±17.90 min) as compared to group B (131.88±20.41min, 106.71±10.85min).Conclusions: Isobaric levobupivacaine was found to be a better and safer substitute for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing prolonged lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries.

scholarly journals A randomized double blind study to compare 1% 2-chloroprocaine and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for infra-umbilical surgeries

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Arvind Khare ◽  
Beena Thada ◽  
Devraj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Voiding Function ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a reliable and safe technique for infra-umbilical surgeries. Preservative-free 2-chloroprocaine has re-emerged for use in spinal anesthesia. We compared onset and duration of sensory block with intrathecal use of 1% 2-chloroprocaine (30 mg) or 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (15 mg) as primary objective. Secondary objectives being onset and duration of motor block, duration of analgesia, time to return of voiding function, hemodynamic parameters and side effects.Methodology: 90 patients of age group 18-60 years, either sex, belonging to ASA physical status I/II undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries were randomly divided into two groups, 1% 2-chloroprocaine Group A (n=45) and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine Group B (n=45). Each group received intrathecally either 30 mg of 2-chloroprocaine or 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg. For statistical analysis unpaired-t-test and chi-square test were used.Results: Earlier onset and shorter duration of sensory block were observed in Group A as compared to Group B respectively (p < 0.001). Similarly, onset was earlier and duration of motor block, duration of analgesia and time to return of voiding function were shorter in Group A as compared to Group B respectively (p < 0.001). Hemodynamic parameters (HR, MAP) were comparable in both groups.Conclusion: Intrathecal 1% 2-chloroprocaine 30 mg provides spinal anesthesia of adequate duration for infra-umbilical surgeries with the advantage of earlier onset and faster regression of spinal block resulting in earlier voiding with stable hemodynamics as compared to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg.Citation: Khare A, Thada B, Yadav D, Mathur V, Singh M. A randomized double blind study to compare 1% 2-chloroprocaine and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for infra-umbilical surgeries. Anaesth. pain & intensive care 2019;23(2):162-167

scholarly journals Comparison of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Butorphanol as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% in Infraumbilical Surgeries- A Randomised Double Blind Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Roy Basunia ◽  
Prosenjit Mukherjee ◽  
Md Bakir Hossain Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Neuraxial opioids are widely used as adjuvants to local anaesthetic as they improve quality and duration of block. Neuraxial opioids like Butorphanol and Fentanyl allow prolonged analgesia in the postoperative period and faster recovery from spinal anaesthesia. Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of Butorphanol and Fentanyl combined with bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in infraumbilical surgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised controlled trial in which 110, ASA I and II patients of either sex who underwent elective infraumbilical surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were selected. Patients were allocated randomly into two groups A (n=55) and B (n=55). Group A (F) received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (3 mL) with fentanyl 25 microgram (0.5 mL) to make it total 3.5 mL. Group B (B) received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (3 mL) with butorphanol 250 microgram (0.25 mL) and Normal Saline (NS) 0.25 mL to make it total 3.5 mL. Heart Rate (HR), Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP, DBP), two segment regression time of sensory block, motor block were assessed at preset intervals. Chi-square test or Fischer’s-exact test were used and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean of two segment sensory regression time of Group A was 41.94±1.73 minutes and Group B was 50.56±4.43 minutes (p<0.0001). Time to onset of motor block in Group A was 5.28±.32 minutes and Group B was 5.27±.32 minutes (p=0.96). Mean duration of motor block in Group A was 81.23±4.87 minutes and Group B was 109.83±2.61 minutes (p<0.0001). Time to rescue analgesic was 289.27±7.37 minutes in Group A and 378.41±10.25 minutes in Group B (p<0.0001). HR, SBP and DBP were comparable among the groups. Conclusion: Intrathecal bupivacaine-butorphanol mixture was clinically better as it provided longer duration of analgesia with lesser incidences of pruritus and nausea/vomiting compared to intrathecal fentanyl-bupivacaine mixture.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLONIDINE VERSUS NALBUPHINE AS INTRATHECAL ADJUVANTS TO 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES – A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND INTERVENTIONAL STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishala Jain ◽  
Jaipal .
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intrathecal Clonidine

Background: Regional anesthesia techniques for gynecological procedures are on increasing trends due to their advantage of postoperative analgesia owing to intrathecal adjuvants. The present study was aimed to comparatively evaluate the clinical efficacy of clonidine with nalbuphine when co-administered intrathecally with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for Lower abdominal surgeries in Gynecology. Methods: With institutional ethics committee clearance No. 193MC/EC/2018, randomized, double blind study was conducted. After obtaining informed written consent total of 84 patients scheduled for lower abdominal surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (n=42) - Inj.  3.5 ml Bupivacaine 0.5% + 0.2 ml Clonidine(30µg) intrathecally.  Group B (n=42) - Inj.3.5 ml Bupivacaine 0.5%+0.2 ml Nalbuphine(2mg) intrathecally. The characteristics of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic data, side effects were recorded. Results: The onset of sensory block was earlier in Group B than Group A (3.08±0.52 min vs 4.00±0.54 min, p<0.001 ). The onset of motor block was also earlier in Group B than Group A (7.78±0.80 min vs 8.80±0.95min, p<0.001). The time to first rescue analgesia in patients receiving intrathecal clonidine was significantly delayed than patients receiving intrathecal nalbuphine (284.95 ± 12.93 min vs 211.52 ± 15.92 min, p<0.001). Introperative hemodynamic changes were comparable and none of the patient suffered from respiratory depression except very little cases of shivering which are not significant. Conclusions: Intrathecal clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine provided was clinically more effective than nalbuphine for prolonging the duration of analgesia for gynecological procedures. Keywords: Bupivacaine, Clonidine, Lower abdominal surgeries in gynecology, Nalbuphine, Subarachnoid block.

scholarly journals Influence of injection rate of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% on spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients with lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. A randomized controlled trial.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmed Faridi (Retd) ◽  
Shaheen Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Safi ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine

To determine the effect of speed of hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.75%) injection on clinical characteristics of spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Setting: This study was conducted in the operating theatre of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: August 2018 - March 2019. Materials and Methods: 60 elderly patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery were randomized into two groups based on injection rate (fast and slow). 1.5 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine was injected over 5 seconds (fast group) and 50 seconds (slow group). Study was undertaken after taking permission from institutional ethical review committee. Level of sensory block, motor block, and systolic blood pressure were recorded at pre-specified intervals. Incidences of hypotensive episode, nausea, phenylephrine and antiemetic use were also documented. Results: Our study did not reveal any difference in maximum level of sensory block attained (fast = median T4, interquartile range [T4–T6] vs slow = T4 [T4–T6], P = 0.77). There was no difference in mean time (minutes) to reach T10 sensory level (fast = 2.5 ± 1.2 vs slow = 2.2 ± 0.8, P = 0.27); maximum sensory level (fast = 4.2 ± 1.5 vs slow = 3.8 ± 1.2, P = 0.26) and maximum motor block level (min) (fast = 5.9 ± 1.4 vs slow = 5.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.56). The rate of hypotension (fast = 8/30 vs slow = 4/30, P = 0.33), nausea (fast = 5/30 vs slow = 3/30, P = 0.99) and phenylephrine use (fast = 5/30 vs slow = 3/30, P = 0.71) and antiemetic requirement (fast = 1/30 vs slow = 2/30, P = 0.99) was also alike. Conclusion: There is no effect of injection speed of intrathecal (0.75%) bupivacaine on the clinical features of spinal anaesthesia in older patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Fentanyl 20 μg vs Sufentanil 5 μg as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5 mg) using Combined Spinal Epidural Technique for Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sanjeeta R Umbarkar ◽  
Manju N Gandhi ◽  
Hemlata R Iyer ◽  
Roshan S Thawale
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Combined Spinal Epidural ◽  
Spinal Epidural

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal fentanyl 20 μg vs sufentanil 5 μg as adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5 mg) using combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique for lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Background Use of local anesthetics along with opioids intrathecally has been widely reported. We aimed to compare two commonly used opioids as adjuvants to local anesthetic agents in combined spinal epidural techniques. Materials and methods A total of 60 patients were recruited in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study to receive either intrathecal sufentanil 5 μg (Group S) or fentanyl 20 μg (Group F) as adjuvants to 12.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block and the pain scores were assessed perioperatively. Duration of analgesia was recorded. The incidence of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, shivering. and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) were recorded. Results Demographic data and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were comparable in both the groups. Onset of analgesia—time to reach highest level of analgesia—was faster in the sufentanil group. Sufentanil group patients had higher grade of motor block. Patients in fentanyl group had higher score of sedation than those of sufentanil group. None of the patients in any group had nausea, vomiting, or pruritus. Conclusion Addition of either fentanyl or sufentanil to intrathecal bupivacaine as an adjuvant in CSE technique enhances the quality of analgesia and motor block with minimal side effects. Hence, this is useful in orthopedic patients, especially in the geriatric age group. How to cite this article Umbarkar SR, Gandhi MN, Iyer HR, Thawale RS. Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Fentanyl 20 μg vs Sufentanil 5 μg as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5 mg) using Combined Spinal Epidural Technique for Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries. Res Inno Anaesth 2016;1(1):1-4.

scholarly journals Haemodynamic Effects and Complications of Unilateral Spinal versus Standard Spinal Anesthesia in Elderly with Low Ejection Fraction Undergone Lower-Limb Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Md Mushfiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hasan Munir ◽  
Raihanuddin ◽  
Shafiul Alam Shaheen ◽  
Md Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Sympathetic Block ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Cardiovascular system may be profoundly affected by spinal anaesthesia due to unavoidable sympathetic blockade which is more prominent in elderly.A restricted sympathetic block during spinal anesthesia may minimize hemodynamic changes.Objective: To assess whether a unilateral spinal anaesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine will restrict the sympathetic block to avoid the undesired cardio vascular effects.Materials and method: In this prospective study 60 ASA Ill and IV patients aged between 60-90 years undergoing unilateral lower limb surgery were included. Patients were divided into two groups. In group-A, dural puncture was performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position with 1.5 mL of hyperbaric bupivacaine. In group-B, it was performed with the patient in a seated position using 1.5 mL hyperbaric bupivacaine. Each patient was then placed in supine position. The speed of injection was 1 mL/30s. Patients were placed in the lateral position with operated side down and kept in this position for 10 minutes. Motor and sensory levels were assessed, and haemodynamic alterations were monitored just after block, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes of spinal anaesthesia.Results: The demographic data were found similar in both groups. The time to the onset of the sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in group-B. The duration of motor and sensory block was significantly shorter in group-A. Haemodynamically all the parameters revealed better out come in unilateral spinal anesthesia. The incidence of complications (nausea, headache, and hypotension) was also lower in group A.Conclusion: When unilateral spinal anesthesia was performed using a low-dose, low-volume and low-flow injection technique, it provides adequate sensory-motor block and helps to achieve stable hemodynamic parameters during surgery on a lower limb. Furthermore, this technique avoids unnecessary paralysis on the non-operated side.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2017 5(1): 20-24

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRAMADOL WITH THAT OF BUTORPHANOL FOR THE CONTROL OF SHIVERING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING NEURAXIAL BLOCKADE

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Sadab Faisal Ansari ◽  
Namita Saraswat ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Neuraxial Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: To compare the efficacy of Tramadol with that of Butorphanol for the control of shivering in patients undergoing neuraxial blockade. Materials And Methods: A randomized, double blind study of 60 patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia who got shivering during intra operative period up to 60minutes. Out of which 60 patients, who will develop shivering after neuraxial blockade will be randomly allocated to one of the following groups. Each group contains 30 patients. Group I: (Tramadol Group) Patients received tramadol intravenously (50mg) Group II: (Butorphanol Group) Patients received butorphanol intravenously (1mg) Inclusion criteria: ASA Grade I Or II, age 18 to 60 years, weight 30 to 70 kg, lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia. Exclusion Criteria: Patients not willing to take part in study, ASA grade >2, significant systemic illness, patients with fever, pregnancy, patients with history of seizure, patient on oral anticoagulant therapy, emergency surgeries, conditions where neuraxial blockade will be contraindicated. Result: Time taken to control Shivering was significantly lower in Group I (Tramadol) as compared to group II (Butorphanol), more patients with higher sedation score with Butorphanol group compared to Tramadol Group, Nausea and vomiting higher in Tramadol Group compared to Butorphanol Group. Conclusion: Tramadol is most rapid acting & effective in control of shivering with neauraxial block without any significant side effects and least reappearance of shivering as compared to Butorphanol.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Isobaric Ropivacaine for Lower Limb Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Gunjan Regmi ◽  
Rejina Shahi ◽  
Kanak Khanal ◽  
Kumud Pyakurel ◽  
Chetan Bohora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Subarachnoid Block ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery

Introduction: Subarachnoid block is commonly employed technique for lower abdominal and lower limb procedures. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine are commonly used local anesthetics for subarachnoid block. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of isobaric Ropivacaine over hyperbaric Bupivacaine. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study for a duration of six months. 60 ASA grade I-II adult patients between 16-60 years undergoing lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomized into two groups. Group I including patients who received 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and group II including patients who received 22.5 mg of isobaric ropivacaine 0.75%. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block and hemodynamics including heart rate (HR), non invasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and respiratory depression were recorded. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and statistical analysis was done by chi square test and T test using SPSS (version 23.0). Results: Both the groups were demographically statistically insignificant. Successful block was attained in all patients in both groups. The sensory onset and motor onset were significantly delayed in the Ropivacaine Group compared to the Bupivacaine Group P<0.001. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamics (heart rate and mean arterial pressure ). Conclusions: Though isobaric ropivacaine provided lesser degree of sensory and motor block with delayed onset compared to hyperbaric bupivacaine, it can effectively and safely used in subarachnoid block in lower limb surgeries without any major hemodynamic changes and adverse effects.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AS AN ADJUVANT TO 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN LOWER LIMB SURGERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shaheer Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Kapil Rastogi ◽  
Aamir Laique Khan
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
Group B

Background: Epidural anesthesia is commonly used for perioperative as well as postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries. Adjuvant in spinal anesthesia prolongs the duration of anesthesia as well as postoperative analgesia. In this study we evaluate the effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries. Methods: Total 60 patients belonging to ASA I or II aged 24 to 57 years of either sex were included in this study and randomly distributed into two groups. Group (B+M) received intrathecal 100mg magnesium sulfate and Group (B+D) received intrathecal 5.0 mcg dexmedetomidine with hyperbaric bupivacaine 15mg (3ml of 0.5%). Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic changes and complications were recorded. Results: The mean Onset time of sensory block at T10 (min.), Time to maximum sensory block level (min.), Time in minutes for complete motor block (min.), Time for Motor Emergence from Bromage 3 (min.), Time for Sensory Emergence and Time for first analgesia (min) were significantly different between groups. Conclusion: The dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with hyperbaric bupivacaine leads to earlier onset and prolonged duration of both sensory and motor block as compared to magnesium sulfate.

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