scholarly journals CONTRAST-ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHOLANGIOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE MALIGNANT AND BENIGN CAUSES OF BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
V. V. Zarubin ◽  
A. P. Kurazhov ◽  
V. D. Zavadovskaja ◽  
O. V. Rodionova ◽  
O. S. Tonkikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

Introduction. Determination of the cause of cholestasis and treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice syndrome remains challenging owing to the steady rise in diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone and the high frequency of diagnostic errors. In the differential diagnosis of the causes of obstructive jaundice, diagnostic imaging techniques are of the greatest importance. In the world literature, there are few reports on the assessment of the diagnostic potential of multispiral computed tomography under conditions of direct contrasting of the biliary tree using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, or through pre-installed palliative drainage in the bile ducts. There is no generally accepted algorithm for determining the causes of biliary obstruction. It leads to ineffective use of various diagnostic imaging techniques, complicating the diagnostic process.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ct cholangiography (ct-cg) in the differential diagnosis of causes of malignant and benign biliary obstruction in cases with obstructive jaundice syndrome.Material and methods. The study included 55 patients with obstructive jaundice, who were treated in a surgical hospital from july 2016 to july 2019.Results. It was found that contrast ct-cg in diagnosing the causes of biliary obstruction of both malignant and benign genesis is more informative than x-ray endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The diagnostic efficacy of ct-cg in detecting causes of malignant biliary obstruction was: 93.3% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity, and 93.1% accuracy. The diagnostic efficacy of ct-cg in detecting causes of benign biliary obstruction was: 92.9%, 93.3% and 93.1%, respectively.Conclusion. Based on the high accuracy, contrast-enhanced ct-cg is a promising imaging technique in cases with bile duct obstruction.

scholarly journals Giant Renal Angiomyolipoma by the Example of Clinical Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
S. V. Yadrentseva ◽  
N. V. Nudnov ◽  
Emil’ G. Gasymov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Renal Angiomyolipoma ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Clinical Cases

The paper presents two clinical cases of patients with giant renal angiomyolipomas (AML), in one of whom its course was complicated by intratumoral hemorrhage. It describes key diagnostic criteria for computed tomography (CT), as well as the distinctive features of other neoplasms that should undergo a differential diagnosis. The similar clinical presentations and morphological characteristics of different renal neoplasms can cause certain diagnostic difficulties; however, the carefully collected historical data and distinctive criteria allow AML to be identified. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, abdominal contrast-enhanced CT is an effective imaging technique in the detection and differential diagnosis of giant renal AML.

scholarly journals Gastric Bezoar - A Rare Presentation in Infant

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
MTH Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Mahabubul Alam ◽  
AM Shahinur ◽  
AKM Zahid Hossain ◽  
Gazi Zahirul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Medium Study ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Gastric Bezoar ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Upper Abdominal

Gastric bezoar in neonate is a rare presentation. Because of rarity of phytobezoar and lactobezoar are not considered as the differential diagnosis of a lump and vomiting commonly. A 7 month female presented with left upper abdominal undifferentiated hard mobile lump and post prandial occasional vomiting. Diagnosis was non-conclusive with USG, contrast medium study of stomach and duodenum and contrast enhanced CT scan. After laparotomy and gastrostomy mass was removed and diagnosed as phytolactobezoar on macroscopic appearance.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 24-27, 2015 (Jan)

scholarly journals Common pulmonary computed tomography signs and their clinical relevance: A review

Pneumologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Unnati Desai ◽  
Jyotsna M Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Thorax Ct

Abstract With the advent of computed tomography (CT) in respiratory medicine, a greater delineation of the respiratory structures has been possible in the two-dimensional space. The various CT techniques used by pulmonologists include the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax with expiratory scans, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) thorax, CT thorax, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and rarely a CT aortography/angiography. Each of the imaging techniques presents stronger and weaker points. In this paper, radiological lesions are classified according to their location. Such abnormalities are observed in the airways, in the lung parenchyma, in the interstitium and last but not least in the pleura. The review mainly addresses radiological lesions with higher specificity because they are key elements in establishing a definitive diagnosis. In conclusion, performing a chest CT is vital in the diagnosis and management of respiratory conditions.

scholarly journals The Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Diagnosing Pancreatic Lesions: Comparison With CA19-9, Enhanced CT or Enhanced MR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyun Huang ◽  
Huanhuan Chong ◽  
Xun Sun ◽  
Zhijian Wu ◽  
Qing Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Objective: To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing pancreatic lesions, and compare it with CA19-9, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), and contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMR).Methods: Cases of patients with suspected pancreatic lesions examined between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. CA19-9, CECT and CEMR within 2 weeks of PET/CT were evaluated. We compared the diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT with CA19-9, CECT and CEMR as well as combined tests.Results: A total of 467 cases were examined in this study, including 293 males and 174 females, with an average age of 57.79 ± 12.68 y (16–95 y). Cases in the malignant group (n = 248) had significantly higher SUVmax (7.34 ± 4.17 vs. 1.70 ± 2.68, P < 0.001) and CA19-9 (663.21 ± 531.98 vs. 87.80 ± 218.47, P < 0.001) than those in the benign group (n = 219). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT were 91.9, 96.3, and 94.0%, respectively. Those for CECT were 83.6, 77.8, 81.2%, respectively; and 91.2, 75.0, 81.7% were for CEMR. PET/CT corrected 14.7% (28/191) CECT diagnoses and 12.2% (10/82) CEMR diagnoses. Although the diagnostic efficiency of CA19-9 was acceptable (80.0, 69.0, 74.9% respectively), the joint application of PET/CT and CA19-9 could significantly enhance the diagnostic efficiency compared with PET/CT alone (sen 97.4 vs. 90.5%, P = 0.0003; spe 100.0 vs. 95.2%, P = 0.0047).Conclusions: PET/CT has sensitivity similar to CECT, CEMR and significantly higher specificity and accuracy, helping reduce false diagnoses of morphological images. Combining PET/CT with CA19-9 could enhance diagnostic efficiency.

Gastric perforation secondary to Rapunzel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e240100
Author(s):  
Jamaall Jackman ◽  
Gael R Nana ◽  
James Catton ◽  
Ioannis Christakis
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gastric Perforation ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Rapunzel Syndrome ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct

Rapunzel syndrome is rare and describes a trichobezoar that extends through the pylorus into the jejunum, ileum or even the colon. Due to the large intraluminal size and weight they can attain, acute presentations of obstruction or perforation may occur. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department following a syncopal episode. On examination, a left upper quadrant mass was appreciated with no signs of peritonism. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated a giant trichobezoar with resulting gastric perforation and intra-abdominal free fluid. Laparotomy and gastrotomy were performed and the patient had an uneventful recovery with psychiatric review prior to discharge. Though uncommon, bezoars should be included in our differential diagnosis as they can present in various ways owing to their size and weight. This case illustrates the risk of gastric perforation with large gastric bezoars.

Early diagnosis of poststernotomy mediastinitis: Are there typical findings in contrast-enhanced CT?

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Schimmer ◽  
M Weininger ◽  
K Hamouda ◽  
C Ritter ◽  
SP Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct
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