Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Forage Cell Walls

2015 ◽  
pp. 455-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. White ◽  
Roderick I. Mackie ◽  
Kinchel C. Doerner
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals OBTAINING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCIUM ORGANIC FORMS ON THE BASIS OF METABOLITES AND PROCESSING PRODUCTS OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapustian ◽  
N. Cherno ◽  
О. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Chelate Complexes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The possibility of obtaining bioavailable mixed ligand chelate complexes of calcium has been considered. As bioligands, it is proposed to use the metabolic products of probiotic bacteria combination and products of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptidoglycans of their cell walls. The culture fluid of probiotic bacteria composition has been investigated for the determination of metabolites in its composition that can participate in the formation of calcium chelate complexes. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of organic acids of a culture fluid have been determined. It has been established that it contains the following acids: oxalic (1.6 mg/dm3), citric (22.1 mg/dm3), acetic (575.8 mg/dm3), lactic (236.3 mg/dm3), benzoic (1.5 mg/dm3). In addition, it has been found that in the composition of the culture liquid, free amino acids and soluble protein are also present in the amount of 1.2 mg/cm3 and 5 mg/cm3, respectively.In order to obtain fragments of peptidoglycans of cell walls of probiotic bacteria as potential bioligands for complex formation, their enzymatic hydrolysis with pancreatin has been performed. It has been established that the highest content of biologically active muropeptides is 5.1 mg/cm3 and it is accumulated during hydrolysis of the substrate for 180 minutes, the ratio of enzyme: substrate 1: 100 and 5.1 mg/cm3.By methods of nephelometry and spectrophotometry, it has been established that the obtained mixed ligand systems are effective chelating agents and, depending on the composition, bind calcium in amounts of 9, 14 and 16 mg/cm3. Identification of the pH stability of the complex has been shown that in the range of pH values 4–7, the chelate system is stable, at pH 2 only 10% of the complex is stored, at pH 9 60% is preserved. By method of differential scanning calorimetry the thermostability of the complex has been investigated. It has been established that the complex is stable in the temperature range of 20–122°С, and therefore can be used in the composition of health foods, the technology of which involves high-temperature processing.

scholarly journals Topochemical distribution of lignin and hydroxycinnamic acids in sugar-cane cell walls and its correlation with the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano Siqueira ◽  
Adriane MF Milagres ◽  
Walter Carvalho ◽  
Gerald Koch ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Compositional studies on the cell walls of the synnema and vegetative hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Harris ◽  
Willard A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Hyphal Wall ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The composition of the cell walls of synnemal and vegetative hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi was studied by fractionation and assay of released compounds. Residues after enzymatic hydrolyses were examined by electron microscopy. The synnemal wall was found to have 67% carbohydrate, 4.52% amino sugar, 5.02% protein, 1.6% lipid, and 0.59% ash, which accounted for 78.7% of the cell wall. The vegetative hyphal wall contained 56% carbohydrate, 3.44% amino sugar, 7.92% protein, 4.5% lipid, and 1.45% ash, which totaled 73.3% of the wall weight. Sugars identified were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and L-rhamnose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of both wall types by cellulase and laminaranase indicated the presence of beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 linkages of glucose polymers. N-acetylglucosamine was liberated by chitinase. Most of the 16 amino acids detected in each wall type were at least twice as abundant in vegetative hyphal walls as in synnemal hyphal walls. Cellulase and laminaranase treatment of cell walls revealed a fibrillar structure. Chitinase-treated walls did not appear as fibrous, suggesting that the fibrous structure may be mostly chitinous. Synnemal cell walls are covered by electron-dense granules which may correspond to the pigment in the synnemal hyphae.

scholarly journals Obtaining and characteristic of the magnesium organic forms on the basis of products of bifidobacteria processing and their metabolites

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapustian ◽  
O. Antipina ◽  
R. Budiak
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The possibility of obtaining bioavailable mixed ligand chelate complexes of Magnesium has been considered. As bioligands, it is proposed to use the metabolites and products of enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptidoglycans of the cell walls of Bifidobacterium bifidum AC-1670. As ligands, fragments of peptidoglycans of cell walls of bifidobacteria, which have their own immunotropic effects, were used. Destruction of bacterial cells was done by ultrasound treatment with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with papain. It was found that the highest content of potential ligands for chelation was obtained by ultrasound treatment at a frequency of 35 kg for 600 seconds with subsequent enzymatic hydrolisys, which lasted for 180 minutes at a ratio of the enzyme: substrate 1:1. In this case, the accumulation of amino acids in the hydrolyzate was 11.35 mg/cm3, low molecular weight peptides - 7.54 mg/cm3. The liquid phase of the product of the disintegration of the bacterial mass is investigated for the presence of metabolites that can participate in the formation of chelating magnesium complexes. Qualitative composition and quantitative content of organic acids are determined. It is established that in the product of disinfection of bifidobacteria the following acids are present: acetic (445.5 mg/dm3), lactic (284.6 mg/dm3), benzoic (1.3 mg/dm3). It has been established that the obtained mixed ligand systems are effective chelating agents and bind magnesium in an amount of 14 mg/cm3. The method of IR spectroscopy has proved that this system is formed with the participation of polydentant ligands. Determination of the pH stability of the complex showed that in the range of pH values 4–7, the chelate system is stable, at pH 2 only 10% of the complex is stored, at a pH of 9 – 60%. The thermostability of the complex was investigated by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. It was established that the complex is stable in the temperature range of 20-122 ° С, and therefore can be used as a physiologically functional ingredient in the health foods, the technology of which involves high-temperature processing.

Role of supramolecular cellulose structures in enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell walls

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen ◽  
Budi Juliman Hidayat ◽  
Katja Salomon Johansen ◽  
Claus Felby
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cellulose Structures

scholarly journals Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968
Author(s):  
Dmitry G. Chukhchin ◽  
Ksenia Vashukova ◽  
Evgeniy Novozhilov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Bordered Pit ◽  
Pit Formation ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The process of pit formation in plants still has various questions unaddressed and unknown, which opens up many interesting and new research opportunities. The aim of this work was elucidation of the mechanism for the formation of bordered pits of the spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) tracheid with exosomes participation and mechanical deformation of the cell wall. Sample sections were prepared from spruce stem samples after cryomechanical destruction with liquid nitrogen. The study methods included scanning electron microscopy and enzymatic treatment. Enzymatic treatment of the elements of the bordered pit made it possible to clarify the localization of cellulose and pectin. SEM images of intermediate stages of bordered pit formation in the radial and tangential directions were obtained. An asynchronous mechanism of formation of bordered-pit pairs in tracheids is proposed. The formation of the pit pair begins from the side of the initiator cell and is associated with enzymatic hydrolysis of the secondary cell wall and subsequent mechanical deformation of the primary cell walls. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the S1 layer of the secondary cell wall is carried out by exosome-delivered endoglucanases.

Steam pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood: comparison of optimal conditions with and without SO2 impregnation

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fokko Schütt ◽  
Nils Peter Haas ◽  
Laura Dehne ◽  
Gerald Koch ◽  
Ron Janzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Steam Refining ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Steam refining of non-debarked poplar wood with SO2 impregnation prior to steaming was investigated as pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment conditions were varied in the range of 170°C–220°C, 3–30 min and 0.7–2.5% SO2 according to a factorial design. Predicted steaming conditions for highest carbohydrate yields after enzymatic hydrolysis were at 200°C, 15 min, and 2.5% SO2. The yield of glucose and xylose from control tests under these conditions was 43% representing an increase of 9% compared to results of former experiments without SO2 impregnation. Investigations on lignin extracted from the fibers revealed no distinct differences between pretreatment with and without SO2. No sulfonation occurred by the impregnation with SO2. Topochemical analyses of the fibers by cellular UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) showed an inhomogeneous lignin distribution within the S2 of fibers after pretreatment without SO2 and local depositions of high UV-absorbing substances in the lumina of fibers and parenchyma cells. The lignin distribution of fiber cell walls after pretreatment with SO2 was more homogeneous with a preserved fiber network and only little amounts of deposited phenolic compounds in the lumina. Therefore, it might be concluded that the expulsion of lignin hinders the enzymes in accessing the cellulose.

scholarly journals OBTAINING AND CHARACTERISTIC OF MUROPEPTIDES OF PROBIOTIC CULTURES CELL WALLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapustian ◽  
N. Cherno ◽  
I. Kolomiіets
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp

The possibility of muropeptides obtaining of peptidoglycans of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus B-3964 cell walls by the combination of the use of autolytic processes and enzyme treatment of biomass with the participation of lysozyme and papain has been considered. It has been established that the most significant autolytic changes in biomass occur in the application of high-temperature processing (90°C for 30 minutes) in the final stage of the logarithmic phase of bacterial growth. Thus, after eighth hour of biomass incubation at 37°C, the amino acid content in the culture medium was 1.8 mg/cm3, and at 90°C it was 5.7 mg/cm3. In order to further destruction of biomass autolysate and obtaining of low molecular weight peptidoglycan fragments, the process of its enzymatic hydrolysis was studied with lysozyme and papain separately and at their combination. The highest content of low molecular weight peptides in the reaction medium occurred at enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus B-3964 by the composition of enzymes at a ratio of lysozyme : papain 1:2. At a concentration of enzymes 10 mg/cm3, the content of low molecular weight peptides was 7.2 mg/cm3 after eighth hour of incubation of the reaction mixture. The results of studies have been shown that the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of autolysates is much higher. Thus, the amount of low molecular weight peptides in the hydrolysate obtained by processing the autolysate with the composition of lysozyme : papain 1:2 at an enzymes concentration 10 mg/cm3 and the duration of the process for 8 hours by 36% higher than for similar hydrolysis parameters without the use of the process of autolysis.The method of gel chromatography was proved that in the hydrolysate there are fractions of protein compounds with a molecular weight in the range of 70–90 kDa, 30–40 kDa and 294–650 Da. The molecular weight of the latter fraction corresponds to the mass of the muramyl dipeptide. The presence of muropeptides was proved by reaction with the Anthron reagent.

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