scholarly journals Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Yeast Cell Walls I. Isolation of Wall-Decomposing Organisms and Separation and Purification of Lytic Enzymes

1965 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirosato Tanaka ◽  
Herman J. Phaff
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Forage Cell Walls

2015 ◽  
pp. 455-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. White ◽  
Roderick I. Mackie ◽  
Kinchel C. Doerner
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals OBTAINING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCIUM ORGANIC FORMS ON THE BASIS OF METABOLITES AND PROCESSING PRODUCTS OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapustian ◽  
N. Cherno ◽  
О. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Chelate Complexes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The possibility of obtaining bioavailable mixed ligand chelate complexes of calcium has been considered. As bioligands, it is proposed to use the metabolic products of probiotic bacteria combination and products of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptidoglycans of their cell walls. The culture fluid of probiotic bacteria composition has been investigated for the determination of metabolites in its composition that can participate in the formation of calcium chelate complexes. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of organic acids of a culture fluid have been determined. It has been established that it contains the following acids: oxalic (1.6 mg/dm3), citric (22.1 mg/dm3), acetic (575.8 mg/dm3), lactic (236.3 mg/dm3), benzoic (1.5 mg/dm3). In addition, it has been found that in the composition of the culture liquid, free amino acids and soluble protein are also present in the amount of 1.2 mg/cm3 and 5 mg/cm3, respectively.In order to obtain fragments of peptidoglycans of cell walls of probiotic bacteria as potential bioligands for complex formation, their enzymatic hydrolysis with pancreatin has been performed. It has been established that the highest content of biologically active muropeptides is 5.1 mg/cm3 and it is accumulated during hydrolysis of the substrate for 180 minutes, the ratio of enzyme: substrate 1: 100 and 5.1 mg/cm3.By methods of nephelometry and spectrophotometry, it has been established that the obtained mixed ligand systems are effective chelating agents and, depending on the composition, bind calcium in amounts of 9, 14 and 16 mg/cm3. Identification of the pH stability of the complex has been shown that in the range of pH values 4–7, the chelate system is stable, at pH 2 only 10% of the complex is stored, at pH 9 60% is preserved. By method of differential scanning calorimetry the thermostability of the complex has been investigated. It has been established that the complex is stable in the temperature range of 20–122°С, and therefore can be used in the composition of health foods, the technology of which involves high-temperature processing.

Compositional studies on the cell walls of the synnema and vegetative hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Harris ◽  
Willard A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Hyphal Wall ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The composition of the cell walls of synnemal and vegetative hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi was studied by fractionation and assay of released compounds. Residues after enzymatic hydrolyses were examined by electron microscopy. The synnemal wall was found to have 67% carbohydrate, 4.52% amino sugar, 5.02% protein, 1.6% lipid, and 0.59% ash, which accounted for 78.7% of the cell wall. The vegetative hyphal wall contained 56% carbohydrate, 3.44% amino sugar, 7.92% protein, 4.5% lipid, and 1.45% ash, which totaled 73.3% of the wall weight. Sugars identified were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and L-rhamnose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of both wall types by cellulase and laminaranase indicated the presence of beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 linkages of glucose polymers. N-acetylglucosamine was liberated by chitinase. Most of the 16 amino acids detected in each wall type were at least twice as abundant in vegetative hyphal walls as in synnemal hyphal walls. Cellulase and laminaranase treatment of cell walls revealed a fibrillar structure. Chitinase-treated walls did not appear as fibrous, suggesting that the fibrous structure may be mostly chitinous. Synnemal cell walls are covered by electron-dense granules which may correspond to the pigment in the synnemal hyphae.

scholarly journals Obtaining and characteristic of the magnesium organic forms on the basis of products of bifidobacteria processing and their metabolites

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapustian ◽  
O. Antipina ◽  
R. Budiak
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The possibility of obtaining bioavailable mixed ligand chelate complexes of Magnesium has been considered. As bioligands, it is proposed to use the metabolites and products of enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptidoglycans of the cell walls of Bifidobacterium bifidum AC-1670. As ligands, fragments of peptidoglycans of cell walls of bifidobacteria, which have their own immunotropic effects, were used. Destruction of bacterial cells was done by ultrasound treatment with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with papain. It was found that the highest content of potential ligands for chelation was obtained by ultrasound treatment at a frequency of 35 kg for 600 seconds with subsequent enzymatic hydrolisys, which lasted for 180 minutes at a ratio of the enzyme: substrate 1:1. In this case, the accumulation of amino acids in the hydrolyzate was 11.35 mg/cm3, low molecular weight peptides - 7.54 mg/cm3. The liquid phase of the product of the disintegration of the bacterial mass is investigated for the presence of metabolites that can participate in the formation of chelating magnesium complexes. Qualitative composition and quantitative content of organic acids are determined. It is established that in the product of disinfection of bifidobacteria the following acids are present: acetic (445.5 mg/dm3), lactic (284.6 mg/dm3), benzoic (1.3 mg/dm3). It has been established that the obtained mixed ligand systems are effective chelating agents and bind magnesium in an amount of 14 mg/cm3. The method of IR spectroscopy has proved that this system is formed with the participation of polydentant ligands. Determination of the pH stability of the complex showed that in the range of pH values 4–7, the chelate system is stable, at pH 2 only 10% of the complex is stored, at a pH of 9 – 60%. The thermostability of the complex was investigated by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. It was established that the complex is stable in the temperature range of 20-122 ° С, and therefore can be used as a physiologically functional ingredient in the health foods, the technology of which involves high-temperature processing.

Role of supramolecular cellulose structures in enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell walls

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen ◽  
Budi Juliman Hidayat ◽  
Katja Salomon Johansen ◽  
Claus Felby
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cellulose Structures

scholarly journals Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968
Author(s):  
Dmitry G. Chukhchin ◽  
Ksenia Vashukova ◽  
Evgeniy Novozhilov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Bordered Pit ◽  
Pit Formation ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The process of pit formation in plants still has various questions unaddressed and unknown, which opens up many interesting and new research opportunities. The aim of this work was elucidation of the mechanism for the formation of bordered pits of the spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) tracheid with exosomes participation and mechanical deformation of the cell wall. Sample sections were prepared from spruce stem samples after cryomechanical destruction with liquid nitrogen. The study methods included scanning electron microscopy and enzymatic treatment. Enzymatic treatment of the elements of the bordered pit made it possible to clarify the localization of cellulose and pectin. SEM images of intermediate stages of bordered pit formation in the radial and tangential directions were obtained. An asynchronous mechanism of formation of bordered-pit pairs in tracheids is proposed. The formation of the pit pair begins from the side of the initiator cell and is associated with enzymatic hydrolysis of the secondary cell wall and subsequent mechanical deformation of the primary cell walls. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the S1 layer of the secondary cell wall is carried out by exosome-delivered endoglucanases.

Steam pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood: comparison of optimal conditions with and without SO2 impregnation

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fokko Schütt ◽  
Nils Peter Haas ◽  
Laura Dehne ◽  
Gerald Koch ◽  
Ron Janzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Steam Refining ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Steam refining of non-debarked poplar wood with SO2 impregnation prior to steaming was investigated as pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment conditions were varied in the range of 170°C–220°C, 3–30 min and 0.7–2.5% SO2 according to a factorial design. Predicted steaming conditions for highest carbohydrate yields after enzymatic hydrolysis were at 200°C, 15 min, and 2.5% SO2. The yield of glucose and xylose from control tests under these conditions was 43% representing an increase of 9% compared to results of former experiments without SO2 impregnation. Investigations on lignin extracted from the fibers revealed no distinct differences between pretreatment with and without SO2. No sulfonation occurred by the impregnation with SO2. Topochemical analyses of the fibers by cellular UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) showed an inhomogeneous lignin distribution within the S2 of fibers after pretreatment without SO2 and local depositions of high UV-absorbing substances in the lumina of fibers and parenchyma cells. The lignin distribution of fiber cell walls after pretreatment with SO2 was more homogeneous with a preserved fiber network and only little amounts of deposited phenolic compounds in the lumina. Therefore, it might be concluded that the expulsion of lignin hinders the enzymes in accessing the cellulose.

scholarly journals Selection of Bacillus subtilis strains capable of producing β-glucanase supporting the hydrolysis of yeast cell walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Le Van Kien ◽  
Hanh Van Vu ◽  
Anh Tuan Ho ◽  
Hoai Thi Thu Pham ◽  
Huong Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Beer Yeast ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of B. subtilis strains was carried out with 15 strains from the collections of the Vietnam National University of Agriculture and the University of Economic and Technical Industries, Hanoi, Vietnam. To investigate the specific ability of β-glucanase in supporting the hydrolysis of beer yeast cells, CMC substrates in enzyme-activated test media of traditional methods was replaced by yeast cell walls in this study. The B. subtilis strains were activated on Nutrient Broth culture and then transplanted into MT3 culture for producing β-glucanase. Optical density (OD600nm) measurement was used to estimate the bacterial density. The β-glucanase activity formed by bacteria cells free supernatant was quantified by agar diffusion method on the enzyme-activated test media MT4. Two B. Subtilis strains , BG21 and BG15, were selected based on their largest clear-zones on agar plates. By modifying the values of the affecting factors and keeping the remaining influencing factors unchanged, it was determined that the B. subtilis BG21 and BG15 strains produced the highest biomass at the conditions of the culture time of 24 and 28 h, at pH 7.0, and at 37oC, respectively; furthermore, the highest activity of β-glucanase of the two strains BG21 and BG15 was exhibited at the culture time of 52 and 56 h, at pH 7.0, and at 37oC, respectively.Practical applicationsBacillus subtilis strains with the highest β-glucanase producing ability will be used for the production of biological products containing B. subtilis and β-glucanase which supports the hydrolysis of the beer yeast cells in the production of pig feed.

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