Effect of Depth of Placement of Exchangeable Ammonium‐nitrogen on Rice Paddy 1

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wahhab ◽  
M. N. Azim
Keyword(s):  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen

RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Masaki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
The Core ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Sea Area

Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.

Functional soil organic matter fractions in response to long-term fertilizer management in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haiming Tang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Lihong Shi ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Kaikai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Double Cropping

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions play an important role in maintaining or improving soil quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the effects of a 34-year long-term fertilizer regime on six functional SOM fractions under a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China were studied in the current paper. The field experiment included four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM) and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that coarse unprotected particulate organic matter (cPOM), biochemically, physically–biochemically and chemically protected silt-sized fractions (NH-dSilt, NH-μSilt and H-dSilt) were the main carbon (C) storage fractions under long-term fertilization conditions, accounting for 16.7–26.5, 31.1–35.6, 16.2–17.3 and 7.5–8.2% of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) content in paddy soil, respectively. Compared with control, OM treatment increased the SOC content in the cPOM, fine unprotected POM fraction, pure physically protected fraction and physico-chemically protected fractions by 58.9, 106.7, 117.6 and 28.3%, respectively. The largest proportion of SOC to total SOC in the different fractions was biochemically protected, followed by chemically and unprotected, and physically protected were the smallest. These results suggested that a physical protection mechanism plays an important role in stabilizing C of paddy soil. In summary, the results showed that higher functional SOM fractions and physical protection mechanism play an important role in SOM cycling in terms of C sequestration under the double-cropping rice paddy field.

Structure Investigations of Agonists of the Natural Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine, IV [1]. X-Ray Structure Analyses of Trimethylpentylammonium-chloride and (4-Acetoxybutyl) trimethylammonium-iodide

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 618-626
Author(s):  
Alfred Gieren ◽  
Michail Kokkinidis
Keyword(s):  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
Type B ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Investigations ◽  
Automatic Diffractometer

The crystal structures of the title compounds which display cholinergic activity at the ganglionic receptor have been determined by X-ray structure analysis. [(CH3)3N+C5H11]Cl- (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbnm with half a formula unit per asymmetric unit, a = 11.381(14). b = 12.871(17), c = 7.316(4) Å. The intensities of 1106 independent reflections were collected with an automatic diffractometer. The structure refinement converged at R = 0.133 for the 355 observed reflections. The cation of 1 is disordered. [(CH3)3N + (CH2)4-O-C(O)-CH3]I- (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with four formula units per unit cell, a = 16.783(8), b = 10.276(6), c = 7.427(10) Å. The intensities of 1469 independent reflections were collected. The structure refinement converged at R = 0.071 for 1383 observed reflections. In both compounds the trimethylammonio methyl groups are coordinated nearly tetrahedrally by four anions in the first coordination sphere. Anions which occupy a special face type (B) of the tetrahedron of the (CH3)3N+ -CH2-group may be treated as a “model binding site” of the receptor. In the crystal structure of 2 the anions occupying B-type faces form together with the ammonium nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen so called “Activity triangles”. The almost equal geometries of these activity triangles are correlated with the mode of pharmacological action.

Movement of Ammonium Nitrogen in Soils

1957 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Ray ◽  
J. M. MacGregor ◽  
E. L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrogen

scholarly journals Rice paddy irrigation seasonally impacts stream benthic macroinvertebrate diversity at the catchment level

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia‐Ying Ko ◽  
Satoshi Asano ◽  
Meng‐Ju Lin ◽  
Tohru Ikeya ◽  
Elfritzson M. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Paddy Irrigation

scholarly journals Microbiome of Seven Full-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants in South Korea: Effect of Feedstock and Operational Parameters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Michal Sposob ◽  
Hee-Sung Moon ◽  
Dongjin Lee ◽  
Yeo-Myeong Yun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Total Ammonium

In this study, the microbiomes linked with the operational parameters in seven mesophilic full-scale AD plants mainly treating food waste (four plants) and sewage sludge (three plants) were analyzed. The results obtained indicated lower diversity and evenness of the microbial population in sludge digestion (SD) plants compared to food digestion (FD) plants. Candidatus Accumulibacter dominated (up to 42.1%) in SD plants due to microbial immigration from fed secondary sludge (up to 89%). Its potential activity in SD plants was correlated to H2 production, which was related to the dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanococcus). In FD plants, a balance between the hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways was found, while Flavobacterium and Levilinea played an important role during acidogenesis. Levilinea also expressed sensitivity to ammonia in FD plants. The substantial differences in hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), and total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) among the studied FD plants did not influence the archaeal methane production pathway. In addition, the bacterial genera responsible for acetate production through syntrophy and homoacetogenesis (Smithella, Treponema) were present in all the plants studied.

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