Guidelines for Measuring and Reporting Environmental Factors in Growth Chambers

Two-level fractional factorial design experiments were conducted in growth chambers to determine the influence of environmental factors and adjuvants on the foliar penetration of the sodium salt of acifluorfen in velvetleaf. Relative humidity (RH) was found to have the greatest effect on penetration. Temperature was the second most important factor. Although soil moisture significantly affected penetration, this effect was much less than that produced by RH and temperature. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was the most effective adjuvant tested. The use of DAP at 1.12 kg/ha significantly increased penetration. The effect of DAP was less than either RH or temperature. Oxysorbic (5 POE) surfactant also significantly increased penetration. Glycerol and oxtoxynol (7 to 8 POE) surfactant had no effect on penetration. In separate experiments, acifluorfen penetration at low and high RH and with the addition of DAP was measured to verify these results. Acifluorfen penetration into velvetleaf increased approximately ninefold with changes in RH from low to high. Penetration increased sevenfold when DAP was added. DAP was by far the most effective adjuvant increasing acifluorfen penetration into velvetleaf under conditions of low RH. Oxysorbic (5 POE) surfactant slightly increased penetration under these conditions.

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1- GROWTH CHAMBERS, MEANS FOR ANALYSING PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMENT - THE DESIGN AND USE OF GROWTH CHAMBERS FOR INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON PLANT GROWTH

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1974.39.1 ◽

1974 ◽

pp. 15-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Acock

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Chambers

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VARIABILITY OF PLANT GROWTH WITHIN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS AS RELATED TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps73-038 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

MARY MEASURES ◽

PEARL WEINBERGER ◽

H. BAER

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Position Effect ◽

Great Variability ◽

Light Distribution ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Growth Chambers

Measurements of temperature and light intensity were made at different locations within three growth chambers. Environmental factors were found to vary with location. A great variability in the growth and development of cucumber and corn was noted in plants grown within these growth chambers. This "position effect" significantly affected the population homogeneity at the 5% level. The possibility of a bias of experimental data and the requirement for randomization and rotation of plants within a growth chamber are highlighted by the present study.

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Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicole M. Baran

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Developmental Genetic ◽

Term Study ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20201028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (18) ◽

pp. 2447-2451

Author(s):

Anissa Viveiros ◽

Gavin Y. Oudit

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Metabolic Programming ◽

Dual Nature ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Adipose Tissue Volume ◽

Males And Females ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

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Shared Responsibilities for Full Participation in Society: Planning Further Integration of the ICF Into AAC

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp1.sig12.83 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Blake Huer ◽

Travis T. Threats

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Community Support ◽

World Health ◽

International Classification Of Functioning ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Social Service Agencies ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Full Participation

The World Health Organization's (WHO's) 2001 International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) has as one of its central tenets the full inclusion of persons with disabilities in society. It acknowledges the need for medical and rehabilitation intervention in its biopscychosocial framework. However, the WHO realizes that society must do its part to facilitate this full participation and empowerment. Persons with complex communication needs (PWCCN) often need augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in order to express themselves. However, in order to access and successfully use AAC, PWCCN need access to the necessary AAC devices and services, as well as a willing society to interact with them as full contributing members of society. The factors outside of a person's specific physical and/or cognitive functional limitations are addressed in the ICF via the Personal and Environmental Factors. Personal Factors include the individual's personality traits, lifestyle, experiences, social/educational/professional background, race, gender, and age. Environmental Factors include community support systems, social service agencies, governments, social networks, and those persons that interact with the PWCCN. This article addresses the sociopolitical influences on PWCCN and their functioning from a human rights perspective. The necessary introspective role of speech-language pathologists in this process is explored.

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