Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Anhydrous Ammonia, Urea, and Polymer-Coated Urea in Illinois Cornfields

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián G. Fernández ◽  
Richard E. Terry ◽  
Eric G. Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions with enhanced efficiency and conventional urea fertilizers in winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo An ◽  
Jen Owens ◽  
Brian Beres ◽  
Yuejin Li ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

AbstractOptimizing nitrogen fertilizer management can reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This study tested if split applying enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) resulted in lower N2O emissions than applying equivalent rates of urea at planting. In semiarid southern Alberta, field trials were conducted during three years (planting to harvest) in rainfed winter wheat crops. Annual fertilizer rates ranged from 146 to 176 kg N ha−1. Fertilizer types were urea, and three EEFs (polymer-coated urea, urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors, and urea with a nitrification inhibitor). Each fertilizer type was applied three ways: 100% banded at planting, split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast in late fall, and split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast at Feekes growth stage 4 (GS4, post-tiller formation, wheat entering the greening up phase in the early spring). Nitrous oxide was measured using static chambers between sub-weekly and monthly from planting to harvest. Over three years, cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.16 to 1.32 kg N ha−1. This was equivalent to emissions factors between 0.009 and 0.688%. Cumulative N2O emissions and emissions factors did not differ between fertilizer types, but they were lower when fertilizer was split applied at GS4 compared to in late fall (P ≤ 0.10). Our study suggests that EEFs do not reduce N2O emissions from rainfed winter wheat crops, but a well-timed split application with a majority of fertilizer applied after winter can minimize N2O emissions.

Polymer-Coated Urea Maintains Potato Yields and Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Minnesota Loamy Sand

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Hyatt ◽  
Rodney T. Venterea ◽  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
Matthew McNearney ◽  
Melissa L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Urea-induced nitrous oxide emissions under sub-tropical rain-fed sorghum and sunflower were nullified by DMPP, partially mitigated by polymer-coated urea, or enhanced by a blend of urea and polymer-coated urea

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
B. M. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Degradable Polymer ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
The Impact

Delaying the accumulation of soil nitrate from urea applied at sowing should mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions without compromising optimum crop production. This delay may be achieved chemically using a nitrification inhibitor such as 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), or physically by coating urea with a degradable polymer (PCU). In five field experiments across three summers, the impact of DMPP-coated urea applied at sowing on soil mineral nitrogen (N), N2O emissions and yields of grain sorghum or sunflower grown on sub-tropical Vertosols was assessed. At two experiments, DMPP effects on plant N uptake, soil N movement and total N loss were determined with 15N. One experiment included PCU and several blends: urea+DMPP-urea; urea+PCU; urea+DMPP-urea+PCU. Averaged across all experiments, DMPP reduced cumulative N2O emitted by 92% (range: 65–123%) and N2O emission factor (EF: percent of applied N emitted) by 88%. There was no statistical difference in N2O emitted between the 0N control and DMPP-urea. PCU reduced N2O emitted by 27% and EF by 34%. The urea+DMPP-urea blend also nullified urea-induced N2O, but urea+PCU increased N2O emissions and decreased grain yield due to a mismatch between soil N availability and plant N demand. DMPP arrested 15N movement in soil and reduced total 15N loss from 35% to 15% at one of the two 15N experiments. Applying DMPP-urea at sowing is an effective N strategy that nullifies urea-induced N2O emissions, maintains crop yield, and retains N in the soil–plant system. Negative impacts of the PCU+urea blend highlight the influence of growing season conditions on fertiliser N release.

The nitrification inhibitor DMPP applied to subtropical rice has an inconsistent effect on nitrous oxide emissions

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Stephen G. Morris ◽  
Peter Quin ◽  
Lee J. Kearney ◽  
Stephen Kimber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Peak Flux ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Although there is growing evidence that the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) can lower soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in temperate environments, there is little evidence of its efficacy in subtropical or tropical environments where temperatures and rainfall intensities are typically higher. We investigated N2O emissions in field-grown aerobic rice in adjacent fields in the 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons in a subtropical environment. Crops were topdressed with 80 kg nitrogen (N) ha–1 before rainfall, as either urea, urea + DMPP (at 1.6 kg DMPP t–1 urea: ‘urea-DMPP’) or a blend of 50% urea and 50% urea-DMPP in the 2013–14 season, and urea, urea-DMPP or polymer (3 month)-coated urea (PCU) in the 2014–15 season. DMPP-urea significantly (P < 0.05) lowered soil N2O emissions in the 2013–14 season during the peak flux period after N fertiliser application, but had no effect in 2014–15. The mean cumulative N2O emissions over the entire growing period were 190 g N2O-N ha–1 in 2013–14 and 413 g N2O-N ha–1 in 2014–15, with no significant effect of DMPP or PCU. Our results demonstrate that DMPP can lower N2O emissions in subtropical, aerobic rice during peak flux events following N fertiliser application in some seasons, but inherent variability in climate and soil N2O emissions limited the ability to detect significant differences in cumulative N2O flux over the seasonal assessment. A greater understanding of how environmental and soil factors impact the efficacy of DMPP in the subtropics is needed to formulate appropriate guidelines for its use commercially.

scholarly journals Tillage and Coated-Urea Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Direct-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice Production in Arkansas

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rector Casey ◽  
Brye Kristofor R ◽  
Humphreys Joshua ◽  
Norman Richard J ◽  
Slaton Nathan A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Direct Seeded

Influence of fertilizer nitrogen source and management practice on N2O emissions from two Black Chernozemic soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Burton ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
C A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Time Of Application

Fertilizer nitrogen use is estimated to be a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in western Canada. These estimates are based primarily on modeled data, as there are relatively few studies that provide direct measures of the magnitude of N2O emissions and the influence of N source on N2O emissions. This study examined the influence of nitrogen source (urea, coated urea, urea with urease inhibitor, and anhydrous ammonia), time of application (spring, fall) and method of application (broadcast, banded) on nitrous oxide emissions on two Black Chernozemic soils located near Winnipeg and Brandon Manitoba. The results of this 3-yr study demonstrated consistently that the rate of fertilizer-induced N2O emissions under Manitoba conditions was lower than the emissions estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coefficients. The Winnipeg site tended to have higher overall N2O emissions (1.7 kg N ha-1) and fertilizer-induced emissions (~0.8% of applied N) than did the Brandon site (0.5 kg N ha-1), representing ~0.2% of applied N. N2O emissions in the first year of the study were much higher than in subsequent years. Both the site and year effects likely reflected differences in annual precipitation. The N2O emissions associated with the use of anhydrous ammonia as a fertilizer source were no greater than emissions with urea. Fall application of nitrogen fertilizer tended to result in marginally greater N2O emissions than did spring application, but these differences were neither large nor consistent. Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate intensity, anhydrous ammonia, urea

scholarly journals Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilisers on nitrous oxide emissions in a sub-tropical cereal cropping system

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Scheer ◽  
David W. Rowlings ◽  
Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati ◽  
David W. Lester ◽  
Mike J. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

To meet the global food demand in the coming decades, crop yields per unit area must increase. This can only be achieved by a further intensification of existing cropping systems and will require even higher inputs of N fertilisers, which may result in increased losses of nitrous oxide (N2O) from cropped soils. Enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) have been promoted as a potential strategy to mitigate N2O emissions and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cereal cropping systems. However, only limited data are currently available on the use of different EEF products in sub-tropical cereal systems. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three different EEFs on N2O emissions, NUE and yield in a sub-tropical summer cereal cropping system in Australia. Over an entire year soil N2O fluxes were monitored continuously (3h sampling frequency) with a fully-automated measuring system. The experimental site was fertilised with different nitrogen (N) fertilisers applied at 170kgNha–1, namely conventional urea (Urea), urea with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and urea with the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (Nitrapyrin). Nitrous oxide emissions were highly episodic and mainly controlled by heavy rainfall events within two months of planting and fertiliser N application. Annual N2O emissions in the four treatments amounted to 2.31, 0.40, 0.69 and 1.58kgN2O-Nha–1year–1 for Urea, DMPP, PCU and Nitrapyrin treatments, respectively, while unfertilised plots produced an average of 0.16kgN2O-Nha–1year–1. Two of the tested products (DMPP and PCU) were found to be highly effective, decreasing annual N2O losses by 83% and 70%, respectively, but did not affect yield or NUE. This study shows that EEFs have a high potential to decrease N2O emissions from sub-tropical cereal cropping systems. More research is needed to assess if the increased costs of EEFs can be compensated by lower fertiliser application rates and/or yield increases.

Atmosphere composition and N2O emissions in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with anhydrous ammonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette, Régis R. Simard ◽  
Noura Ziadi, Michel C. Nolin ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia

Nitrous oxide production and emission in agricultural soils are often influenced by soil physical properties and mineral N content. An experiment was initiated on a commercial farm located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands to measure the effects of recommended (150 kg N ha-1) and excessive (250 kg N ha-1) rates of anhydrous ammonia on atmospheric composition (O2, CO2, CH4 and N2O) and N2O emissions in soils of contrasting textures (sandy loam, clay loam and clay) cropped to corn. N2O emissions and soil temperature, water content and atmospheric composition were measured from post-harvest tillage to the first snowfall during the first year (2000), and from spring thaw to mid-July during the following 2 yr. Episodes of high N2O concentrations and surface emissions coincided with periods of high soil water content shortly following rainfall events when soil O2 concentrations were lowest. The convergence of indicators of restricted soil aeration at the time of highest N2O production suggested that denitrification was a major contributor to N2O emissions even in soils receiving an NH4-based fertilizer. Soil texture had a significant influence on soil N2O concentration and emission rates on several sampling dates. However, the effect was relatively small and it was not consistent, likely because of complex interactions between soil physical properties and N2O production, consumption and diffusion processes. Nitrous oxide emissions during the study were not limited by soil N availability as indicated by similar fluxes at recommended and excessive rates of anhydrous ammonia. Finally, greater N2O emissions in 2001 than in 2002 stress the importance of multiyear studies to evaluate the effect of annual weather conditions on soil N2O dynamics. Key words: Greenhouse gasses, denitrification

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