Wheat Breeding Nurseries, Target Environments, and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

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Path analysis and expected response in indirect selection for grain yield in soybean

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.12702/1984-7033.v06n02a06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 151-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I.M. Bárbaro ◽

M.A.P.C. Centurion ◽

A.O. Mauro ◽

S.H. Unêda-Trevisoli ◽

N.H.C. Arriel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Selection For

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Mineral accumulation, carbon isotope discrimination and indirect selection for grain yield in two-rowed barley grown under semiarid conditions

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/s1161-0301(98)00032-x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (2-3) ◽

pp. 147-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

J. Voltas ◽

I. Romagosa ◽

P. Muñoz ◽

J.L. Araus

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Carbon Isotope ◽

Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Isotope Discrimination ◽

Selection For ◽

Mineral Accumulation ◽

Semiarid Conditions

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High-resolution spectral information enables phenotyping of leaf epicuticular wax in wheat

Plant Methods ◽

10.1186/s13007-021-00759-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fátima Camarillo-Castillo ◽

Trevis D. Huggins ◽

Suchismita Mondal ◽

Matthew P. Reynolds ◽

Michael Tilley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Factors ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Epicuticular Wax ◽

Canopy Reflectance ◽

Cuticular Waxes ◽

Leaf Reflectance ◽

Single Leaf ◽

Selection For ◽

Experimental Trials

Abstract Background Epicuticular wax (EW) is the first line of defense in plants for protection against biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. In wheat, EW is associated with resilience to heat and drought stress, however, the current limitations on phenotyping EW restrict the integration of this secondary trait into wheat breeding pipelines. In this study we evaluated the use of light reflectance as a proxy for EW load and developed an efficient indirect method for the selection of genotypes with high EW density. Results Cuticular waxes affect the light that is reflected, absorbed and transmitted by plants. The narrow spectral regions statistically associated with EW overlap with bands linked to photosynthetic radiation (500 nm), carotenoid absorbance (400 nm) and water content (~ 900 nm) in plants. The narrow spectral indices developed predicted 65% (EWI-13) and 44% (EWI-1) of the variation in this trait utilizing single-leaf reflectance. However, the normalized difference indices EWI-4 and EWI-9 improved the phenotyping efficiency with canopy reflectance across all field experimental trials. Indirect selection for EW with EWI-4 and EWI-9 led to a selection efficiency of 70% compared to phenotyping with the chemical method. The regression model EWM-7 integrated eight narrow wavelengths and accurately predicted 71% of the variation in the EW load (mg·dm−2) with leaf reflectance, but under field conditions, a single-wavelength model consistently estimated EW with an average RMSE of 1.24 mg·dm−2 utilizing ground and aerial canopy reflectance. Conclusions Overall, the indices EWI-1, EWI-13 and the model EWM-7 are reliable tools for indirect selection for EW based on leaf reflectance, and the indices EWI-4, EWI-9 and the model EWM-1 are reliable for selection based on canopy reflectance. However, further research is needed to define how the background effects and geometry of the canopy impact the accuracy of these phenotyping methods.

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Correlations and path analysis in agronomic traits of soybeans under defoliation

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n5a2020-48220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Alan Mario Zuffo ◽

Francisco de Alcântara Neto ◽

Tiago Zoz ◽

Rafael Felippe Ratke ◽

Jorge González Aguilera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Selection For

Stress events or leaf damage can alter the redistribution of photoassimilates and modify the morphological traits directly related to grain yield. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of agronomic traits on grain yield in soybean crop in function of leaf defoliation. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with three replications, arranged in a 6 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme. The factors were composed by six reprodutive stages (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6) and three defoliation levels (33%, 66%, and 99%), and one additional treatment without defoliation (control). The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. The magnitudes of the correlations between the same traits showed high oscillation according to the defoliation level. Results revealed the potential for the indirect selection for grain yield by the traits plant height and number of grains per pods under 0% of defoliation and by the trait number of pods per plant under 33% of defoliation.

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Direct and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aesitivum L.)

Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.21608/jpp.2020.87102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 241-249

Author(s):

Hassan Fouad ◽

M. El-Ashmoony ◽

A. El-Karamity ◽

M. Sarhan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Selection For

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Heritability, correlated response, and indirect selection involving spectral reflectance indices and grain yield in wheat

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06270 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 432 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. A. Babar ◽

M. van Ginkel ◽

M. P. Reynolds ◽

B. Prasad ◽

A. R. Klatt

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spectral Reflectance ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

The Other ◽

Correlated Response ◽

Response To Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Reflectance Indices

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) as an indirect selection tool for grain yield in wheat under irrigated conditions. This paper demonstrates the genetic correlation between grain yield and SRIs, heritability and expected response to selection for grain yield and SRIs, correlated response to selection for grain yield estimated from SRIs, and efficiency of indirect selection for grain yield using SRIs in different spring wheat populations. Four field experiments, GHIST (15 CIMMYT globally adapted genotypes), RLs1 (25 random F3-derived families), RLs2 (36 random F3-derived families), and RLs3 (64 random F5-derived families) were conducted under irrigated conditions at the CIMMYT research station in north-west Mexico in 3 different years. Spectral reflectance was measured at 3 growth stages (booting, heading, and grain filling) and 7 SRIs were calculated using average values of spectral reflectance at heading and grain filling. Five previously developed SRIs (PRI, WI, RNDVI, GNDVI, SR), and 2 newly calculated SRIs (NWI-1 and NWI-2) were evaluated in the experiments. In general, the within- and between-year genetic correlations between grain yield and SRIs were significant. Three NIR-based indices (WI, NWI-1, and NWI-2) showed higher genetic correlations (0.73–0.92) with grain yield than the other indices (0.35–0.67), and these observations were consistent in all populations. Broad-sense heritability estimates for all indices were in general moderate to high (0.60–0.80), and higher than grain yield (0.45–0.70). The realised heritability for the 3 NIR-based indices was higher than for the other indices and for grain yield itself. Expected response to selection for all indices was moderate to high (0.54–0.85). The correlated response for grain yield estimated from the 3 NIR-based indices (0.59–0.64) was much higher than the correlated response for grain yield estimated from the other indices (0.31–0.46), and the efficiency of indirect selection for these 3 NIR-based indices was 90–96% of the efficiency of direct selection for grain yield. These results demonstrate the potential for using the 3 NIR-based SRI tools in breeding programs for selecting for increased genetic gains for yield.

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Indirect selection for lower deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain in a winter wheat population

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p06-024 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 931-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. Tamburic-Ilincic ◽

A. W. Schaafsma ◽

D. E. Falk

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Plant Height ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Heading Date ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Population ◽

Fhb Resistance ◽

Selection For

Selection for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance and lower deoxynivalenol (DON) content is an important goal in many wheat-breeding programs worldwide. Preliminary screening for less severe FHB symptoms in the early segregating generations can be an important tool to assist breeders in determining which lines to advance to homozygosity. The objectives of this study were: (1) to test influence of plant height, heading date, presence of awns and number of spikelets per spike on FHB index and DON content and (2) to estimate the reliability of indirect selection for lower DON content based on FHB index. A Ruby × Frontana winter wheat population was spray inoculated with a spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum in 2001 and 2002. Plant height was significantly associated with DON content in both years; taller lines accumulated less DON than shorter ones. The moderately resistant lines, based on FHB index after in oculation, had a statistically lower DON accumulation compared with the highly susceptible ones (17.7 ppm vs. 20.6 ppm and 0.6 ppm vs. 2.0 ppm in 2001 and 2002) respectively. The results from this study suggest that selection for FHB resistance can be an indirect selection method for lowering DON accumulation in wheat grain. A breeder can identify and discard those early generation lines that are highly susceptible to FHB as they likely would have higher DON levels. Key words: Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), morphology, resistance, Triticum aestivum L.

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