scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield Components and Biochemical Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Singh ◽  
B. Sushma ◽  
Nidhi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Direct

Background: Grain yield is a complex character so direct selection for yield as such can be misleading. Keeping in view, the present study aimed to assess the path coefficient analysis with correlation coefficient technique to establish the direct and indirect relationship between the yield and its component. Methods: The present investigation carried out during kharif 2019 at Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha in randomized complete block design with 3 replication involving 20 maize genotypes. Data were collected from five randomly selected plnts on 20 agromorphic and biochemical traits. All the biochemical analysis estimated from leaf sample following standard procedure. Result: The traits shelled grain weight, cob diameter, number of grains per cob and anthesis silking interval were found to possess significant association in disirable direction with five ear weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. None of the biochemical trairts establishing significant positive association with yield. Highest positive direct effect on 5 ear weight was noticed by shelled grain weight (1.108) followed by phenols (0.115), internodal length (0.106) and days to 50 percent anthesis (0.102) indicating that the selection for these characters were likely to bring about an overall improvement in grain yield directly.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivar, crop management, location and growing season on the grain yield of triticale

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Marcin Studnicki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Important Region

SummaryTriticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.

The yield of durum wheats released in Mexico between 1960 and 1984

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
M. Osmanzai ◽  
M. Yoshida ◽  
J. K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Selection For

SummaryTwo trials designed to measure progress in the yield of durum wheat cultivars released in Mexico by the Institute Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas over the period 1960–84 were grown in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 1983–4 and 1984–5 cropping seasons. The trials compared grain yield, above-ground biomass, harvest index (ratio of dry grain yield to dry above-ground biomass), yield components, grain-growth rates and phenological characters for eight key cultivars and the modern advanced line, Carcomun ‘S’, when grown at a high level of agronomic inputs and management.The grain yield of durum wheat was estimated to have risen for 25 years of breeding from 3·70 to 8·40 t/ha. The estimated average annual rates of increase in grain yield for the periods 1960–71 and 1971–85 were 251 and 121 kg/ha respectively. Grain yield improvements were based on a linear increase in the number of grains/m2 over the 25-year period, the result of more grains per spikelet. An improved above-ground biomass at maturity was a feature of the two modern genotypes, Altar 84 and Carcomun ‘S’. Harvest index increased with each new cultivar up to the release of Mexicali 75 in 1975, but thereafter the higher grain yields achieved with the modern genotypes were not associated with a higher harvest index. Thousand-grain weight remained steady for the released cultivars but fell slightly for the advanced line Carcomun ‘S’. Improvements in yield were not associated with a longer cropping cycle.It is concluded that a breeding strategy combining selection for morphological characters thought to confer high yield potential, such as a more erect leaf posture and high number of grains per spikelet, with selection for grain yield per se has been successful in improving the grain yield of durum wheats adapted to north-west Mexico. Improvements have come not only in the size of the grain sink and the efficiency of assimilate partition to grain but also in the biomass produced above ground.

scholarly journals Root Traits Responses to Irrigation Intervals in Rice (Oryza sativa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Relative Water

Drought is one of major abiotic stresses that effect rice production. Roots play vital role in absorption of water and nutrients from soil contributing for drought tolerance. The present study quantified the effects of different irrigation intervals on root development and agronomical traits of three Egyptian rice cultivars, Giza177, Giza178, Sakha107, IET1444 as a popular drought tolerant and Moroberekan as control genotype. Irrigation treatments were imposed 15 days after transplanting and applied for every 4, 8 and 12 days during 2018 and 2019 rice growing seasons. The results showed the reduction in root architecture traits with prolonged irrigation intervals. A significant decrease in plant height, number of panicles plant-1, grain yield (t ha-1) and relative water content, while sterility (%) and water use efficiency significantly increased over irrigation intervals. The highly significant and positive correlation was found among grain yield and root:shoot ratio, relative water content and number of panicles plant-1, while the negative correlation was with root xylem vessel number and sterility. It was concluded that, the drought reduced the grain yield and its components due to poor developed root system. Moroberekan and IET1444 genotypes can be used as a donor parent for rice breeding program. Further studies are also required to identify factors that contribute to the high yield potential of both Giza178 and Sakha107 under different water stress condition. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Inheritance of Cowpea Yields under Different Soil Conditions in Papua New Guinea

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Erskine ◽  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Broadsense Heritability

SUMMARYBroadsense heritability, and correlations of grain yield and related characters, were estimated in three crosses under two levels of soil fertility, which profoundly affected heritability of height and seed weight. Grain yield exhibited heritability of 51–81%, and in one cross significant heterosis in F2. Amongst yield-related characters only pods/plant and seeds/pod were both correlated to yield, and also lacked negative genotypic correlations with other economic characters. However, direct selection for grain yield was considered more efficient than indirect selection using yield-related characters.

Indirect selection using reference and probe genotype performance in multi-environment trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ky L. Mathews ◽  
Richard Trethowan ◽  
Andrew W. Milgate ◽  
Thomas Payne ◽  
Maarten van Ginkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Target Environment ◽  
Yield Responses

There is a substantial challenge in identifying appropriate cultivars from databases for introduction into a breeding program. We propose an indirect selection procedure that illustrates how strategically designed multi-environment trials, linked to historical performance databases, can identify germplasm to meet objectives of plant breeding programs. Two strategies for indirect selection of germplasm from the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center’s (CIMMYT) trial database were developed based on reference and probe genotype sets included in the International Adaptation Trial (IAT). The IAT was designed to improve the understanding of relationships among global spring wheat (Triticum spp.) locations. Grain yield (t/ha) data were collated from 183 IAT trials grown in 40 countries (including Australia) between 2001 and 2004. The reference genotype set strategy used the genetic correlations among locations in the IAT to identify locations similar to a target environment. For a key southern Australian breeding location, Roseworthy, the number of cultivars targeted for selection was reduced to 35% of the original 1252. The Irrigated Winter Cereals Trials (2008–09) aimed to identify high yield potential lines in south-eastern Australian irrigated environments. Thirty-five CIMMYT cultivars identified using the reference genotype selection strategy were grown in this trial series. In all trials, the proportion of CIMMYT cultivars in the top 20% yielding lines exceeded the expected proportion, 0.20. The probe genotype strategy utilised contrasting line yield responses to assess the occurrence of soil-borne stresses such as root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thorneii) and boron toxicity. For these stresses, the number of targeted cultivars was reduced to 25% and 83% of the original 1252, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative study on yield and yield attributes of hybrid, inbred, and NPT rice genotypes in a tropical irrigated ecosystem

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sirajul Islam ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
Romeo M Visperas ◽  
M Sultan Uddin Bhuiya ◽  
SM Altaf Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Yield potential of 16 rice genotypes including 12 hybrids, 3 inbreds, and I new plant type (NPT), were studied at the International Rice Research Institute farm under optimum crop management to achieve maximum attainable yields during the wet season (WS) of 2004 and dry season (DS) of 2005. Yield and yield components were determined at maturity. 1R76712H produced the highest grain yield (7.7 t/ha) followed by 1R75217H and Magat (7.6 t/ha) in WS; in DS, 1R79118H produced the highest grain yield (9.17 t/ha) followed by 1R73855H (8.9 t/ha) and SL-8H (8.8 t/ha. The high yield of hybrid rice was due to high harvest index (0.50). Hybrid produced significantly higher productivity (80.2 kg/ha/day) than inbred in DS, but the difference was not significant in WS. Hybrid produced higher spikelets/panicle and 1000-grain weight than inbred rice. Spikelet filling percent was higher in inbred than hybrid rice. The NPT rice genotype had the lowest spikelet filling percent, but the highest 1000-grain weight across the season. Keywords: Yield; yield attributes; hybrid and inbred rice genotypes. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5897Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 343-353, June 2010

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

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