Reproductive Biology of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Isolation of Experimental Field Trials

Crop Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Halsey ◽  
Kenneth M. Olsen ◽  
Nigel J. Taylor ◽  
Paul Chavarriaga-Aguirre
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka ◽  
Fernando César Bauer ◽  
Guinther Hugo Grudtner ◽  
Aldir Carpes Marques Filho ◽  
Nuno de Campos Filho

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE UMA PLANTADORA DE MANDIOCA SOB SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO TRACIONADA POR TRATOR DE RABIÇAS   ALBERTO KASUSHI NAGAOKA1, FERNANDO CÉSAR BAUER2, GUINTHER HUGO GRUDTNER3, ALDIR CARPES MARQUES FILHO4, NUNO CAMPOS FILHO5   1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis, 88034-000), [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis, 88034-000), [email protected] 3 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-000), [email protected] 4  Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, (Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Jd. Paraíso- Botucatu-SP, 18610-034), [email protected] 5 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSC, (Rua Admar Gonzaga, 1346 –Itacorubi, Florianópolis, 88034-000), [email protected]   RESUMO: A produção de mandioca possui grande importância nas regiões onde predomina a agricultura familiar em pequenas propriedades rurais, assim a mecanização do cultivo pode promover o incremento de produtividade e otimizar o rendimento operacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de uma plantadora de mandioca em sistema de plantio direto, tracionada por um trator de rabiças, através de dois ensaios de campo. No primeiro ensaio a plantadora foi avaliada em função de três velocidades distintas, obtendo dados de potência exigida pelo conjunto trator-plantadora e por cada parte constituinte da máquina. No segundo ensaio, avaliou-se a plantadora sob duas velocidades, dois modelos de discos de corte, dois modelos de rodas compactadoras e a potência exigida para tracioná-la, além da distribuição longitudinal das plantas de mandioca. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio mostraram que a marcha de menor velocidade exigiu menor potência do trator. Já os resultados do segundo ensaio, demonstraram que a potência exigida do trator variou em função do tipo de disco de corte e de roda compactadora da plantadora. Para a avaliação da distribuição longitudinal, a plantadora avaliada não apresentou diferenças estatísticas na percentagem de espaçamentos aceitáveis, falhos e duplos entre as linhas de plantio.   Palavras-chave: manihot esculenta crantz, mecanização, máquina.   EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF CASSAVA IN NO TILLAGE, WITH TRACTOR OF HANDLEBARS   ABSTRACT: Cassava production is one of the greatest important in regions where family agriculture and small farms are predominant. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of a no-till cassava planter traced by a tractor of handlebar, through two field trials. In the first trial the planter was evaluated according to three speeds, obtaining data of power required by the tractor-planter assembly and each constituent part of the planter. In the second test, the planter was evaluated under two speeds, two models of cutting discs, two models of compacting wheels and the power required drawing it, besides the longitudinal distribution of cassava. The results of the first test showed that lower speed gear required less tractor power. The results of the second test, however, showed that the required power of the tractor varied according to the type of cutting disc and the compactor wheel of the planter. For the evaluation of longitudinal distribution, the planter evaluated did not present statistical differences in the percentage of acceptable, faulty and double spacing between the planting lines.   Keywords: manihot esculenta crantz, mechanization, machine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5396
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Consent Sibeso ◽  
Elizabeth Parkes ◽  
Alfred Gilbert Dixon

The correct estimation of the mineral content of cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes is vital from a nutritional point of view. This study evaluated the effects of the storage root section, maturity, and sampling method on the macro- and microelements in yellow-fleshed cassava root genotypes. In total, 44 genotypes were grown in replicated field trials of 2 sets (set 25 and set 19) and were harvested at 9 and 12 months after planting. Two sampling methods, sampling with a cork borer (A = proximal, B = middle, C = distal or method 1) and sampling without a cork borer (L = Longitudinal or method 2), were used. The minerals of the samples from the two methods were determined using inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). K and Mn were the most abundant minerals, and Na, Mo, and Co were the least abundant. Genotype, method, and maturity had a strong influence on mineral concentrations. Harvesting time affected the concentration level of some macro- and microelements in cassava roots. Additionally, Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the proximal and middle portions for method 1. K and P and Mn and B were positively correlated, but K and Na and Fe and Ni were negatively associated.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.


Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva

Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.


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