Residual Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer in an Irrigated Rotation in the Southwest

The soil seed bank in a 5-y-old Sahelian fallow was studied through seed extraction and compared with germinations recorded either in controlled conditions, ex situ in a glasshouse, or in the field. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer and mulch application during the preceding crop period, and that of seasonal grazing regimes applied the last 2 y of fallowing, were assessed on the composition of the seed stock. Ctenium elegans, Fimbristylis hispidula, Merremia pinnata and Phyllanthus pentandrus accounted together for 75% of extracted seeds, 72% of ex situ, and 62% of in situ seedlings. Mulch treatment was correlated with the first axis of the canonical correspondence analyses performed on the seedling datasets. Mulch and phosphorus fertilizer treatments held similar responses, as they both favoured the seed bank of erect dicotyledons such as P. pentandrus and Cassia mimosoides. On the whole, the effects of grazing remained modest compared with the residual effects of past crop management practices. However, seedling densities increased as a result of dry-season grazing, while the soil seed bank decreased with wet-season grazing. Grazing also reduced the spatial heterogeneity of the seed bank rather than the overall number of species.

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Phosphorus Fertilizer Residual Effects on Irrigated Crops in Rotation1

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1965.03615995002900010020x ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. E. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Residual Effects ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Irrigated Crops

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Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and gypsum on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland. 2. Residual response

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9780262 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 18 (91) ◽

pp. 262 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

GJ Tupper

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Level ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽

Residual Response ◽

High Level

The residual effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied over four consecutive years and gypsum applied once only, were assessed over five years on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland, growing on the semi-arid Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia. Totals of 155 and 31 0 kg ha-1 of N, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of P, and 3.34 and 6.68 t ha-1 of CaS0,. 2H2O had been added. The increase in dry matter production in response to nitrogen ceased one year after the last application of nitrogen fertilizer. After five years, grassland which had received 200 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 6.68 t ha-1 of gypsum yielded 6500 kg ha-1 of dry matter, compared with 1300 kg ha-1 in the absence of fertilizers and gypsum. Legume growth was still suppressed five years after nitrogen fertilizer had been applied, but legumes increased production greatly in response to the previous phosphorus and phosphorus-gypsum treatments. Nitrogen content of the herbage averaged 2.1 per cent four years after the previous high level phosphorus treatment, compared with 1.6 per cent with the control after four years. It was unaffected by previous nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus content was reduced for the first three years after nitrogen fertilizer was last added, but was increased by phosphorus fertilizer to 0.28 per cent, compared with 0.1 8 per cent on the control, four years after phosphorus fertilizer was last added. Soil moisture characteristics, and total soil nitrogen and carbon showed no differences between treatments. The Truog phosphorus in the soil under the high phosphorus level decreased from 103 p.p.m. to 53 p.p.m., compared with the unaltered control level of 7 p.p.m, over the five year period.

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RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON CRESTED WHEATGRASS UNDER SEMIARID CONDITIONS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-060 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 415-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. W. L. READ ◽

G. E. WINKLEMAN

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mineral N ◽

N Application ◽

Crested Wheatgrass ◽

Residual N ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Semiarid Conditions

Rates of 0, 50, 100, 400 and 800 kg N/ha, with and without 44 kg P/ha, were broadcast on old stands of crested wheatgrass on two soils in southwestern Saskatchewan. There was a pool of residual N developed in the soil under the 400- and 800-kg treatments which lasted for up to 10 yr. The yield and N content of the forage was increased by the residual N when moisture was adequate. In a clay loam there was no indication that any N moved down beyond 120 cm in the soil; most of it was held in the 30–90 cm depths. On the sandy loam soil there may have been some movement beyond 120 cm. Even from the lower rates of N application, where there was no pool of residual mineral N, the yields have been consistently slightly higher than from the check plots, indicating a possible slow release of N from the biomass. Phosphorus remained available for the 10 yr. The recovery rates for N ranged from 97% to 22%, and for P they were 51% and 61% of the applied nutrient.

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Flood tolerance of rice grown under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm) as affected by phosphorus fertilization

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600067058 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 319-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. D. Reddy ◽

A. R. Sharma ◽

M. M. Panda

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Flash Flooding ◽

Long Duration ◽

P Application ◽

Intermediate Deepwater ◽

Tiller Mortality

SUMMARYThe effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the performance of an improved semi-dwarf (100 cm), long duration (170 days), photosensitive rice variety CR 1016, grown under conditions of intermediate deepwater (15–50 cm) and simulated flash flooding (80 cm), was investigated at Cuttack, India in 1985, 1987 and 1988. Growth and yield of rice subjected to overhead flash flooding (complete submergence) at the vegetative stage for 10 days was decreased significantly compared with partial submergence in water of intermediate depth. The adverse effect of complete submergence was due to greater tiller mortality and lower number and/or weight of panicles at maturity. Rice plants fertilized with P tolerated flooding better and produced significantly higher grain yields than when no P was applied. There was no significant effect of P application on the crop grown under natural unsubmerged conditions, except when it was raised in the same plots as the previous year and may therefore have benefited from residual effects. Therefore, application of 8.7–17.5 kg P/ha along with 60 kg N and 16.7 kg K/ha at sowing was essential to overcome the deleterious effects of submergence on rice grown under waterlogged conditions.

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Residual Effects of Applied Phosphorus Fertilizer on Maize Grain Yield and Phosphorus Recovery from a Long-Term Trial in Western Kenya

Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_73 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 717-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.M.H. Kamiri ◽

P. Pypers ◽

B. Vanlauwe

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Phosphorus Recovery ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Term Trial ◽

Maize Grain

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RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER. I. FOR WHEAT GROWN ON FOUR CHERNOZEMIC SOIL TYPES IN SASKATCHEWAN AND MANITOBA

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss77-031 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. W. L. READ ◽

F. G. WARDER ◽

E. D. SPRATT ◽

L. D. BAILEY

Keyword(s):

Field Conditions ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Soil Types ◽

Available P ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Chernozemic Soil

The effects of single applications of 100, 200, and 400 kg/ha of P were measured under field conditions on Chernozemic soils in Manitoba and Saskatchewan for 8 yr. All applications of P increased the yield of wheat and increased the amount of available P in the soil. The addition of P with the seed did not increase the yield on plots that had received 100 kg/ha of P or more, except in 2 yr at one of the four test locations. On extremely P-deficient soils in Manitoba, 21% of the broadcast P (applied at 100 kg P/ha) was recovered by grain in 8 yr; the percent recovered was lower from the 200 and 400 kg P/ha at all sites (15 and 9%, respectively) but the amount of available P remaining in the soil was greater. Single large applications of 100 kg/ha of P were shown to be effective over the 8-yr period. Higher rates of application showed little advantage over 100 kg P/ha in the 8 yr but would probably remain effective for longer periods.

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Effects of phosphorus fertilizer sources on cowpea and subsequent cereal crop productivity in semi-arid West Africa

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698006170 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 45-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. MULEBA ◽

M. COULIBALY

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Optimum Rate ◽

Natural Rock ◽

Crop Sequence ◽

P Sources

A natural rock phosphate, ‘Kodjari” (RP), sparingly soluble, indigenous to Burkina Faso, and a commercial single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer were studied at Farako-Bâ in the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) and at Oipasse in the Sudan Savannah (SS) regions of Burkina Faso. A 3-year crop sequence either of cowpea, maize and sorghum or of cowpea, sorghum and sorghum was used, respectively, in the NGS and SS regions. The sorghum crop in the third year was not fertilized with any phosphorus (P) source. The objectives of the research were to study the direct and residual effects of the P fertilizers on soil fertility improvement in order to boost agricultural productivity in both regions.Cowpea daylength-insensitive cultivars, in both regions, and maize and sorghum in the NGS and SS regions, respectively, responded more strongly to SSP than to RP fertilizer treatments. The optimum rate of SSP and RP source was 21·8 kg P/ha and 43·6 kg P/ha, respectively, for cowpea in both regions. The optimum rates of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the second year to maize in the NGS and to sorghum in the SS region, in addition to the optimum rate of P applied to cowpea the previous year, was 10·9 kg P/ha of SSP or 43·6 kg P/ha of RP, and 21·8 kg P/ha of SSP or 43·6 kg P/ha of RP, respectively. Both P sources had significant residual effects for up to 2 years. The agronomic effectiveness of RP relative to SSP, in the year of application of both fertilizers, was greater for cowpea than for maize in the NGS region and similar for cowpea and sorghum in the SS region; it increased markedly for the two subsequent cereal crops in both regions. Cowpea fertilization with both P sources proved, therefore, to be effective in improving the soil fertility and boosting the productivity of cereal crops in the 3-year crop sequence.

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