Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and gypsum on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland. 2. Residual response

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Tupper
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Residual Response ◽  
High Level

The residual effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied over four consecutive years and gypsum applied once only, were assessed over five years on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland, growing on the semi-arid Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia. Totals of 155 and 31 0 kg ha-1 of N, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of P, and 3.34 and 6.68 t ha-1 of CaS0,. 2H2O had been added. The increase in dry matter production in response to nitrogen ceased one year after the last application of nitrogen fertilizer. After five years, grassland which had received 200 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 6.68 t ha-1 of gypsum yielded 6500 kg ha-1 of dry matter, compared with 1300 kg ha-1 in the absence of fertilizers and gypsum. Legume growth was still suppressed five years after nitrogen fertilizer had been applied, but legumes increased production greatly in response to the previous phosphorus and phosphorus-gypsum treatments. Nitrogen content of the herbage averaged 2.1 per cent four years after the previous high level phosphorus treatment, compared with 1.6 per cent with the control after four years. It was unaffected by previous nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus content was reduced for the first three years after nitrogen fertilizer was last added, but was increased by phosphorus fertilizer to 0.28 per cent, compared with 0.1 8 per cent on the control, four years after phosphorus fertilizer was last added. Soil moisture characteristics, and total soil nitrogen and carbon showed no differences between treatments. The Truog phosphorus in the soil under the high phosphorus level decreased from 103 p.p.m. to 53 p.p.m., compared with the unaltered control level of 7 p.p.m, over the five year period.

The seasonal distribution of nitrogen fertilizer dressings on pure perennial ryegrass swards

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield Distribution

SummaryIn studies of the seasonal distribution of nitrogen fertilizer dressings on grassland using conventional experimental designs it is usually not possible to separate the true effects of an individual fertilizer dressing on the yield at a particular cut from the residual effects of previous dressings. An experiment is described which was designed to allow separation of the direct and residual effects, with certain restrictions, for a system involving five cuts and five possible fertilizer dressings per season on perennial ryegrass swards. From the results obtained over two harvest years on swards on two adjacent sites equations were derived relating the dry-matter and crude-protein yields of herbage to the rate of nitrogen application at five dressings in the season. Predictions of yield distribution patterns from the equations are compared with observed yields from various sequences of nitrogen dressings included in previous experiments at this Institute. Examples are also given of the prediction of sequences of nitrogen dressings required to obtain certain patterns of yield distribution.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Long-Term Fertilization on Basic Soil Productivity in a Rainfed Winter Wheat System

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Ningping Ding ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Xiaodong Lyu ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Impact

Basic soil productivity (BSP) is the ability of a soil, in its normal environment to support plant growth. However, the assessment of BSP remains controversial. The aim of this study is to quantify and analyze the trends of BSP in winter wheat seasons using the decision support system for agrotechnologie transfer (DSSAT) model under a long-term fertilization experiment in the dark loessal soil region of the Loess Plateau of China. In addition, we evaluated the contribution percentage of BSP to yield and its influencing factors. A long-term fertilization experiment with a winter wheat/spring maize rotation was established in 1979 in a field of the Gaoping Agronomy Farm, Pingliang, Gansu, China, including six treatments: (1) no fertilizer as a control (CK), (2) chemical nitrogen fertilizer input annually (N), (3) chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer input annually (NP), (4) straw return and chemical nitrogen fertilizer input annually plus phosphorus fertilizer added every second year (SNP), (5) manure input annually (M), and (6) M plus N and P fertilizers added annually (MNP). The application of the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model showed a satisfactory performance with good Wilmott d-index (0.78~0.95) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) (7.03%~18.72%) values for the tested genetic parameters of winter wheat. After the 26-years experiment, the yield by BSP of winter wheat under the M and MNP treatment significantly increased, at the rate of 2.7% and 3.82% a year, respectively, whereas that of CK and N treatments significantly decreased, at the rate of 0.23% and 3.03%. Moreover, the average contribution percentage of BSP to yield was 47.0%, 39.4%, 56.3%, 50.0%, and 61.9% in N, NP, SNP, M, and MNP treatments, respectively. In addition, soil organic carbon contents were the main controls of BSP under the different fertilization conditions in the dark loessial soil area. As a result, the combined application of organic fertilizer or straw and chemical fertilizer can be an effective form of fertilization management to greatly enrich basic soil productivity, continually promote the contribution percentage of BSP, and ultimately increase crop yield.

Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer sources and placement methods in maize (Zea mays L.) using labelled fertilizers

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
V. D. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
N. S. Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

SUMMARYThe influence of various nitrogen and phosphorus sources, applied at the preseeding stage with two placement methods, on maize yield and fertilizer utilization, was studied in two field experiments and a pot experiment with a calcareous, heavy to medium heavy textured recent alluvial soil.Phosphorus alone had no effect on crop yield. Nitrogen alone or nitrogen (various forms) and phosphorus had a clear positive effect on crop yield. As to the various sources the observed differences in the crop yield of the field experiments were not significant, while in the pot experiment ammonium sulphate gave the highest yields.The data on the phosphate concentrations in the tops derived from phosphate fertilizer (Pf) indicate that the presence of nitrogen increased the utilization of phosphorus fertilizer. From the tested placement methods the incorporation method appears clearly superior in the pot experiment with a similar trend in the field experiment for all sources except ammonium phosphate-sulphate.The utilization coefficients of the nitrogen fertilizer sources suggest that ammonium and urea were better utilized than nitrates, that the higher nitrogen utilization reflected higher yields and that phosphorus fertilizer exerted a beneficial effect on nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Finally they suggest that the addition of 120 kg N/ha enhanced the amount of soil nitrogen taken up in the maize grain by 53%.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on a kangaroo grass (Themeda australis) grassland

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
High Level

Three rates of nitrogen fertilizer and a standard superphosphate dressing were applied to a Themeda australis grassland with and without broadcast seed of Dactylis glomerata. Two cutting frequencies were imposed and dry matter yields and botanical composition were measured. T. australis responded to nitrogen, but the response was not sufficient for it to predominate over other species, particularly Poa labillardieri, as it had done under low fertility conditions. P. labillardieri yields increased markedly with increasing nitrogen rate. D. glomerata, which established only where nitrogen fertilizer was applied, substantially reduced the increase in P. labillardieri at the high level of nitrogen. Cutting frequency affected botanical composition in degree but not in kind. Both P. labillardieri and D. glomerata yielded less, but T. australis yielded more under more frequent cutting. For pasture improvement in wetter parts of the southern tablelands of New South Wales, it is important to establish a perennial grass at the beginning of the programme to reduce the growth of the undesirable tussock. P. labillardieri.

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN ON STUBBLE FIELDS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Russell ◽  
A. D. Smith ◽  
U. J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
One Year

Varying rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to hard red spring wheat grown on stubble fields at three locations in southern Alberta in 1955 and 1956. Significant yield increases were obtained at the three locations in 1955 as a result of applications of nitrogen. At two of the three locations further increases in yield resulted from the addition of phosphorus. In 1956 significant yield increases were obtained at two of the three locations following nitrogen applications, and at only one of these locations did the addition of phosphorus result in further significant increases in yield. At two of the three locations in both 1955 and 1956 high rates of nitrogen fertilizer caused significant increases in protein content over the unfertilized check. Phosphorus additions significantly reduced the effect of nitrogen on the protein content at one location in one year, but had no consistent effect in the other experiments. The experimental results indicate that, when moisture is adequate, more than 40 lb. of nitrogen per acre, and at least 80 lb. per acre in some cases, must be applied before increases in protein content of spring wheat can be expected.

Importance of phosphorus and nitrogen in the nutrition of grass seedlings growing in mulga soil

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Silcock ◽  
A Noble ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Early Seedling

A pot experiment was conducted to compare the Importance of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to seedling growth of four grasses on mulga soil. Two native species, Monachather paradoxa (mulga oats) and Digitaria ammophila (silky umbrella grass), and two exotic ones, Anthephora pubescens (wool grass) and Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel grass), were tested. Digitaria and the two exotic grasses reacted similarly to applied phosphorus while Cenchrus utilized soil nitrogen more readily than the others. Phosphorus produced marked growth responses, increased the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the plants, reduced the time between emergence and tillering and reduced root/shoot ratios. Nitrogen fertilizer produced no significant responses and actually retarded very early seedling growth. There were no nitrogen x phosphorus interactions.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the production potential of pearl millet–cow pea or green gram intercropping systems under rainfed conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kaushik ◽  
R. C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Four Levels

SummaryResults are described of an experiment involving various pearl millet–cow pea or green gram planting and interplanting systems under four levels of nitrogen and two levels of phosphorus. Planting of pearl millet in paired rows of 30 and 70 cm gave as much yield as normal planting in uniform rows of 50 cm. The productivity per unit area was increased considerably when pearl millet was interplanted with one row of cow pea or green gram. Cow pea gave higher yield than green gram. Nitrogen fertilizer increased pearl millet as well as intercrops yield significantly. Pearl millet responded up to 60 kg N/ha and intercrops up to 30 kg N/ha. Phosphorus fertilizer did not produce marked improvement in either growth or yield of pearl millet. Application of 40 kg P2O5/ha increased grain yield of intercrops significantly

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON CRESTED WHEATGRASS UNDER SEMIARID CONDITIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

Rates of 0, 50, 100, 400 and 800 kg N/ha, with and without 44 kg P/ha, were broadcast on old stands of crested wheatgrass on two soils in southwestern Saskatchewan. There was a pool of residual N developed in the soil under the 400- and 800-kg treatments which lasted for up to 10 yr. The yield and N content of the forage was increased by the residual N when moisture was adequate. In a clay loam there was no indication that any N moved down beyond 120 cm in the soil; most of it was held in the 30–90 cm depths. On the sandy loam soil there may have been some movement beyond 120 cm. Even from the lower rates of N application, where there was no pool of residual mineral N, the yields have been consistently slightly higher than from the check plots, indicating a possible slow release of N from the biomass. Phosphorus remained available for the 10 yr. The recovery rates for N ranged from 97% to 22%, and for P they were 51% and 61% of the applied nutrient.

Effects of Lime and Fertilizer on Natural Pastures in Brazil

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
F. J. Olsen ◽  
G. L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Natural Pasture

SUMMARYThe application of lime to natural pastures in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, did not increase herbage yields, but nitrogen fertilizer, alone and in combination with phosphorus fertilizer, enhanced dry matter productivity significantly. Dry matter yields of the natural pasture were more than doubled at the highest fertilizer rate, though the botanical composition of the sward was only modified slightly by various lime and fertilizer treatments.

OPTIMUM RATIOS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS FOR CORN DETERMINED BY HOMÈS’ METHOD OF SYSTEMATIC VARIATIONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
ERIC G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
H. A. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
P Fertilizers

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the possibility of an optimum N/P ratio for sweet corn (Zea mays L.), using Homès’ method of systematic variations.Three levels of N and P fertilizers were applied to a soil. Each level was comprised of nine fertilizer treatments differing only in N/P ratio in a replacement series. Accordingly, the three levels represented 8.12, 16.04, and 32.02 meq per 4.4 kg soil of NO3− plus H2PO4−, respectively.There appeared to be a definite N/P ratio of fertilizer which resulted in a maximum yield and which was similar for all three levels of the replacement series of N plus P. However, this effect was most pronounced at the highest level of N plus P. The Homès method for determining the optimum N/P ratio of a fertilizer was successful primarily at the highest level of N plus P.N/P ratios of corn plant tissues from about 9 to 18 coincided with maximum dry matter yields at the highest level of N plus P.

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