RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON CRESTED WHEATGRASS UNDER SEMIARID CONDITIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

Rates of 0, 50, 100, 400 and 800 kg N/ha, with and without 44 kg P/ha, were broadcast on old stands of crested wheatgrass on two soils in southwestern Saskatchewan. There was a pool of residual N developed in the soil under the 400- and 800-kg treatments which lasted for up to 10 yr. The yield and N content of the forage was increased by the residual N when moisture was adequate. In a clay loam there was no indication that any N moved down beyond 120 cm in the soil; most of it was held in the 30–90 cm depths. On the sandy loam soil there may have been some movement beyond 120 cm. Even from the lower rates of N application, where there was no pool of residual mineral N, the yields have been consistently slightly higher than from the check plots, indicating a possible slow release of N from the biomass. Phosphorus remained available for the 10 yr. The recovery rates for N ranged from 97% to 22%, and for P they were 51% and 61% of the applied nutrient.

scholarly journals MITIGATION OF HEAT STRESS EFFECTS ON POTATO GROWTH BY CALCIUM AND NITROGEN APPLICATION DURING STRESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 596f-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Tawfik ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
The Impact

The optimum temperature regime for Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank is usually 20/15°C day/night. We studied the impact of heat stress (30/25°C, day/night) on the growth of this heat sensitive cultivar under controlled conditions (UW-Biotron). Plants were grown in sandy-loam soil which tested at 1500 Kg/ha Ca. Plants were at the maximum temperature for 6h during the middle of the day with a photoperiod of 14 hrs. All pots received identical amounts of total N (rate: 225 Kg N ha1.). The treatments were: (1) NSN: non-split N (N application 1/2 emergence, 1/2 two wks later): (2) SPN: split-N (1/2 emergence 1/6 at 2, 5 and 8 wks later); (3) SPN+Ca: Split-N+Ca (Ca at 2, 5 and 8 wks after emergence, total Ca from CaNO3 was 113 Kg ha1). Total leaf FWT and DWT was significantly reduced in NS treatment by heat stress at 13 wks as compared to optimum conditions. However, this was not reduced in SPN and SPN+Ca. Under heat stress: (a) SPN + Ca gave the highest leaf FWT and DWT, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and leaflet tissue Ca content; (b) Young expanding leaflets gave higher growth rate with SPN and SPN + Ca than NSN; (c) Ca content of mature leaflet decreased progressively in both NSN and SPN but not in SPN + Ca. Our results show that application of Ca and N during heat stress can mitigate stress effects and that maintenance of a certain level of calcium in leaf tissue is important under heat stress.

scholarly journals Mineralization of pig slurry compost treated with retorted oil shale and dicyandiamide in two contrasting soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanna Corrêa Monteiro ◽  
Celso Aita ◽  
Janquieli Schirmann ◽  
Stefen Barbosa Pujo ◽  
Diego Antônio Giacomini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
C And N

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate carbon and nitrogen mineralization in the soil after the application of composts produced in an automated composting plant, using pig slurry (PS) with and without the addition of retorted oil shale (ROS) and dicyandiamide (DCD) during composting. Laboratory studies were carried out for 180 days on two soils with contrasting characteristics: sandy-loam Typic Paludalf and clay Rhodic Hapludox, which were managed for more than 10 years under a no-tillage system. The composts were thoroughly mixed with the soils. The mineralization of the C and N from the compost was evaluated by measuring continuously CO2 emissions and periodically mineral N (NH4+ + NO3-) content in the soils, respectively. The mineralization of the C from the compost without ROS and DCD was higher in the sandy-loam soil (20.5%) than in the clay soil (13.9%). Similarly, 19.4% of the total N from the compost was mineralized in the sandy-loam soil and 10.9% in the clay soil. The presence of ROS in the compost reduced C mineralization by 54%, compared with the treatment without additives, in the sandy-loam soil and caused net N immobilization in both soils during incubation. The addition of DCD during PS composting did not affect the mineralization of the C and N from the compost in both soils. The addition of ROS during the composting of PS favors the retention of the C from the compost in the soil, especially in the sandy-loam one, but results in a net N immobilization.

scholarly journals Agronomic and P recovery efficiency of organomineral phosphate fertilizer from poultry litter in sandy and clayey soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 786-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerusa Maia e Sá ◽  
Cláudia Pozzi Jantalia ◽  
Paulo César Teixeira ◽  
José Carlos Polidoro ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic and P recovery efficiencies of a granulated organomineral phosphate fertilizer (OMF) produced from poultry litter, compared with those of monoammonium phosphate (MAP), in soils with different textures. The experiment followed a 2x2x4+2 factorial arrangement, with two Oxisols (sandy loam and clay loam textures), two sources of P (OMF and MAP), four levels of P (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1), besides two control treatments without P application. The treatments were evaluated in 10-kg pots filled with soil, during four successive cultivations of corn without replacing the P absorbed by the plants, in order to evaluate the actual and residual effects of the fertilizers. Available P contents in the soil were higher with the MAP fertilizer in the sandy loam soil, with no significant differences between fertilizers in the clay loam soil. OMF had a greater immediate effect and promoted a higher dry matter yield in the first cultivation; however, the residual effects of the fertilizers did not differ in the other cultivations. P accumulation by plants was not affected by the fertilizer used. OMF had higher agronomic efficiency, but P recovery efficiency did not differ significantly between fertilizers. OMF performance indicates good potential use of poultry litter as fertilizer, in organomineral formulations.

GROWTH OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES AS AFFECTED BY RATE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AND YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT ON TWO SOIL TYPES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. SIMONS ◽  
A. T. H. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Harvest Year

In an experiment to investigate the relationship between nitrogen fertilization and forage yield, four grass species, bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.), crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), were sown in each of 3 yr on two soil types, a clay loam and a sandy loam. Five N treatments up to 252 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1 were imposed and data were collected for each of the 3 yr following the seeding year on each plot. There was considerable variation in the dry matter yields between seeding years and postseeding years. On the clay loam soil, the first year after seeding was generally the most productive whereas on the sandy loam the second harvest year produced the most. Intermediate wheatgrass was the most productive grass on the clay loam soil, crested wheatgrass on the sandy loam soil. Bromegrass produced well on both types while Russian wild ryegrass was the least productive on both soils. All species responded well to additional N. There was no advantage to split N application. The N content of forage was similar in all four species and on both soil types but was increased by fertilizer N.Key words: Bromegrass, wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, nitrogen, forage yield, establishment year.

Response of dryland wheat to phosphorus fertilizer as influenced by profile water storage and rainfall

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjodh Singh ◽  
R. K. Chadha ◽  
H. N. Verma ◽  
Yadvinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Loam Soil

SUMMARYEffects of phosphorus fertilizer, initial profile water storage and seasonal rainfall on yield and water use by dryland wheat on loamy-sand and sandy-loam soils were studied for a 2-year period (1973–5). Plant available water at seeding varied from 62 to 205 mm, seasonal rainfall varied from 62 to 154 mm and available P status ranged from 9·5 to 18·5 kg P/ha. Four rates of phosphorus 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/ha were tested. Available water at seeding, seasonal precipitation and the available P status of soil determined the yield response to phosphorus fertilizer. Response to P application was observed up to 15 kg and 30 kg P2O5/ha in loamy-sand and sandy-loam soils respectively. Growth and yield of wheat were highly correlated with the available water at planting plus seasonal rainfall. Total water use did not change in loamy-sand soil, but it increased by 16 mm in sandy-loam soil with the application of phosphorus. The profile water depletion pattern, further, indicates that the fertilized crop used more water from layers below 135 cm in loamy-sand and 22·5 cm in sandy-loam soil.

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and gypsum on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland. 2. Residual response

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Tupper
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Residual Response ◽  
High Level

The residual effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied over four consecutive years and gypsum applied once only, were assessed over five years on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland, growing on the semi-arid Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia. Totals of 155 and 31 0 kg ha-1 of N, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of P, and 3.34 and 6.68 t ha-1 of CaS0,. 2H2O had been added. The increase in dry matter production in response to nitrogen ceased one year after the last application of nitrogen fertilizer. After five years, grassland which had received 200 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 6.68 t ha-1 of gypsum yielded 6500 kg ha-1 of dry matter, compared with 1300 kg ha-1 in the absence of fertilizers and gypsum. Legume growth was still suppressed five years after nitrogen fertilizer had been applied, but legumes increased production greatly in response to the previous phosphorus and phosphorus-gypsum treatments. Nitrogen content of the herbage averaged 2.1 per cent four years after the previous high level phosphorus treatment, compared with 1.6 per cent with the control after four years. It was unaffected by previous nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus content was reduced for the first three years after nitrogen fertilizer was last added, but was increased by phosphorus fertilizer to 0.28 per cent, compared with 0.1 8 per cent on the control, four years after phosphorus fertilizer was last added. Soil moisture characteristics, and total soil nitrogen and carbon showed no differences between treatments. The Truog phosphorus in the soil under the high phosphorus level decreased from 103 p.p.m. to 53 p.p.m., compared with the unaltered control level of 7 p.p.m, over the five year period.

scholarly journals Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium, and emended description of genus Lysinibacillus

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2426-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Youzhi Feng ◽  
Ruirui Chen ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Xiangui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Alkaliphilic Bacterium

A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8–10 in medium containing 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l -Lys–Gly-d -Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2 % with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8 % with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2 % with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7 % with L. xylanilyticus. The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus is also provided.

scholarly journals Using bio-manipulation to optimise soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability within intensive farm systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Farm Systems

In many farm systems, both inorganic and organic fertilisers, including manure and slurry, are applied to soil to replenish nutrient offtake in agricultural products and additional nutrient losses to surface water and groundwater. The use of manure/slurry as a nutrient resource offers important advantages over a sole reliance on inorganic fertilisers, including the reuse and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within farming systems and a reduction in the reliance of agricultural production on finite inorganic fertiliser reserves. There is increasing interest in the extent to which additives are able to enhance the nutrient value of slurry/manure. However, little is known about the effects of these modified slurries/manures on the quantity and composition of N and P within agricultural soils. We report data from batch soil experiments in which soils received a range of treatments, including the application of livestock slurry that had received a combined SlurryBugs™ and SlurryBooster™ additive. Past research has shown that SlurryBugs™ and SlurryBooster™ additives have a range of potentially beneficial effects on livestock slurry, including increased total N content of the slurry. Our experiments were designed to understand how slurry that has received additives ultimately affects nutrient availability in organic, clay-loam and sandy-loam grassland soils. We consider the effects of our treatments on a range of agronomically-important soil parameters, including Olsen-P, mineral-N, available-K, pH and organic matter content. Through our experiments, we aim to understand the extent to which soil fertility can be enhanced through the application of slurries/manures that have received additives.

The longevity of sodium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer residual effects on the yield and composition of ryegrass grown on a sandy soil

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bolton ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

SummaryA field experiment testing the effects of potassium and magnesium sulphates applied from 1960 to 1967 and sodium chloride applied in 1966 and 1967 on a range of crops (Bolton & Penny, 1968) was sown with ryegrass in 1967. Only basal N and P was given to all plots until 1971 when basal K was also applied. The experiment terminated in autumn 1974.Grass yields were increased by K residues for 3·5 years but overall yields became small due to K deficiency. After giving basal K, residual K no longer increased yields but did slightly increase % K in the grass until the end of the experiment. Some residual K from the 1960–7 dressings was found in the sandy loam soil after the final harvest.Magnesium fertilizer residues slightly increased grass yields in the 1967–70 period but not later. However, % Mg in the grass dry matter was increased by the residues for the whole 7·5 year period. Exchangeable Mg was also increased in soil sampled after the final harvest, especially in the 23–46 cm subsoil.Sodium fertilizer residues increased grass yields until the basal K was applied, especially on plots without added K. Significant increases in % Na in the grass and Na uptakes were detectable in all years, i.e. up to 7·5 years after the last Na application. This finding is contrary to most accepted views on the longevity of Na fertilizer effects and could be important in areas where sodium deficiencies in cattle and sheep occur.Increases in % Cl in the grass from the sodium chloride were only detectable in the first two cuts in the year following the final application.

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