RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER. I. FOR WHEAT GROWN ON FOUR CHERNOZEMIC SOIL TYPES IN SASKATCHEWAN AND MANITOBA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
F. G. WARDER ◽  
E. D. SPRATT ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Chernozemic Soil

The effects of single applications of 100, 200, and 400 kg/ha of P were measured under field conditions on Chernozemic soils in Manitoba and Saskatchewan for 8 yr. All applications of P increased the yield of wheat and increased the amount of available P in the soil. The addition of P with the seed did not increase the yield on plots that had received 100 kg/ha of P or more, except in 2 yr at one of the four test locations. On extremely P-deficient soils in Manitoba, 21% of the broadcast P (applied at 100 kg P/ha) was recovered by grain in 8 yr; the percent recovered was lower from the 200 and 400 kg P/ha at all sites (15 and 9%, respectively) but the amount of available P remaining in the soil was greater. Single large applications of 100 kg/ha of P were shown to be effective over the 8-yr period. Higher rates of application showed little advantage over 100 kg P/ha in the 8 yr but would probably remain effective for longer periods.

Soil seed bank and vegetation dynamics in Sahelian fallows; the impact of past cropping and current grazing treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Hérault ◽  
Pierre Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
The Impact

The soil seed bank in a 5-y-old Sahelian fallow was studied through seed extraction and compared with germinations recorded either in controlled conditions, ex situ in a glasshouse, or in the field. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer and mulch application during the preceding crop period, and that of seasonal grazing regimes applied the last 2 y of fallowing, were assessed on the composition of the seed stock. Ctenium elegans, Fimbristylis hispidula, Merremia pinnata and Phyllanthus pentandrus accounted together for 75% of extracted seeds, 72% of ex situ, and 62% of in situ seedlings. Mulch treatment was correlated with the first axis of the canonical correspondence analyses performed on the seedling datasets. Mulch and phosphorus fertilizer treatments held similar responses, as they both favoured the seed bank of erect dicotyledons such as P. pentandrus and Cassia mimosoides. On the whole, the effects of grazing remained modest compared with the residual effects of past crop management practices. However, seedling densities increased as a result of dry-season grazing, while the soil seed bank decreased with wet-season grazing. Grazing also reduced the spatial heterogeneity of the seed bank rather than the overall number of species.

NITROGEN FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS FOR BARLEY WHEN APPLIED WITH CATTLE MANURE CONTAINING WOOD SHAVINGS AS A SOIL AMENDMENT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MACKAY ◽  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Mineralizable N

In an 8-yr experiment on an irrigated Dark Brown Chernozemic soil, four rates of N (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg ha−1), applied annually with 45 t ha−1 of manure containing softwood shavings (avg. of 46% dry wt) produced a linear yield response (from 3.5 with the check to 4.3 t ha−1 at the highest rate) of barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Galt'). There were large differences in yields among years, which could be attributed to weather factors, but there was no significant N × year response. Protein content increased linearly (from 11.2 to 13.5%), and both kernel weights and "test weights" (kg hL−1) decreased slightly but significantly with N applications. There was a pronounced "residual" effect of N rates on both grain yield (from 3.8 to 6.3 t ha−1) and protein content (from 10 to 13%) in the first year after applications of manure and N fertilizer ceased. These effects decreased rapidly and had practically disappeared by the end of the 3rd yr, although yields of all treatments remained high (about 5 t ha−1). Organic matter and N contents of the soil were increased by 70 and 41%, respectively, from the cumulative applications of shavings manure. It is concluded that application of manure containing large quantities of softwood shavings has a negligible effect on the N fertilizer requirements of the crop being grown. Beneficial residual effects of N fertilizer applied with the manure may result because of buildup of NO3-N throughout the soil profile, and likely also because of N release from readily mineralized organic compounds or microbial biomass. However, this effect was not reflected in soil tests for readily mineralizable N by NO3 incubation or KCl digestion methods and the effects were practically dissipated after 3 yr. The recovery of applied N fertilizer by the crops was high at all rates (61–79%), and essentially all of the N applied (fertilizer + manure) was accounted for by crop removal + increased soil N. Key words: Mineralizable-N soil tests, Chernozemic soil, repeated fertilizer applications, residual effects

Residual effects of phosphorus and soyabean crop on maize in the Guinea savanna of West Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
I. Ogoke ◽  
A. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Total Soil N

Two seasons of cropping were carried out at three sites in the Guinea savanna to evaluate the residual effects of soyabean on maize. The experiment was laid out as a splitplot design in a randomized complete block with three replications. In the first season, four soyabean varieties with a fallow treatment (control) received phosphorus (P) applied as triple superphosphate (20% P) at the rates of 30 and 60 kg P ha −1 . Maize was grown in these plots in the second season without fertilizer application. At all sites, regardless of the previous crop, total soil N remained low (<1.5 g kg −1 ). Available P was affected by the P rate in the previous year at all sites. From initial values ranging from 5.2–16.2 mg kg −1 in the first season, available P significantly (p<0.05) increased in the second season to 9.8–42.8 mg kg −1 when 30 or 60 kg P ha −1 was applied, compared to 7.7–18.6 mg kg –1 at no P application. Relative to no P application in the previous year, the application of 60 kg P ha −1 significantly increased total dry matter at 6 weeks after planting by 19%, total harvest dry matter by 28%, and grain yield by 37%.

Residual Effects of CGA-131036 and Chlorsulfuron on Spring-Sown Rotational Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Friesen ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Time Required

Response of flax, canola, field pea, sunflower, field corn, lentils, and common buckwheat to soil residues of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron applied at 22 g ai ha–1was determined on two soil types at Morden, Manitoba. on a fine sandy loam with a pH of 7.4 and 4.5% organic matter, the length of time required before crops showed no phytotoxicity from CGA-131036 residues was: sunflower 4 yr; canola and common buckwheat 3 yr; flax 2 yr; field pea and field corn 1 yr. on a clay loam with a pH of 6.5 and 5.3% organic matter, the corresponding duration was: lentil, canola, and sunflower 3 yr; flax and field pea 1 yr. Chlorsulfuron residues persisted somewhat longer than CGA-131036 residues on the sandy loam but not on the clay loam.

The residual effect of phosphate and potash fertilizers applied to cut or grazed grassland

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Brockman ◽  
P. G. Shaw ◽  
K. M. Wolton
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Grazed Grassland

SUMMARYP and K fertilizers were applied over a 5-year period to plots that were either cut, individually grazed or communally grazed. Residual effects were assessed in the sixth year when the sward was ploughed and sown with Italian ryegrass. The residual study supported the earlier published inference that (a) P returned to the sward in sheep dung is not an effective P source under field conditions, (b) communal grazing can lead to appreciable transfer of K from one plot to another.

IMMEDIATE AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF LIME AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON SOIL ACIDITY AND MAIZE PRODUCTION IN WESTERN KENYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. KISINYO ◽  
C. O. OTHIENO ◽  
S. O. GUDU ◽  
J. R. OKALEBO ◽  
P. A. OPALA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Recovery

SUMMARYSoil acidity and phosphorus (P) deficiency are some of the major causes of low maize yields in Kenya. This study determined the immediate and residual effects of lime and P fertilizer on soil pH, exchangeable aluminium (Al), available P, maize grain yield, agronomic P use and P fertilizer recovery efficiencies on a western Kenya acid soil. The treatments were: P fertilizer (0, 26 and 52 kg P ha−1as triple super phosphate) and lime (0, 2, 4 and 6 tons lime ha−1) applied once at the beginning of the study. A burnt liming material with 92.5% calcium carbonate equivalent was used. Soil samples were analysed prior to and after treatment application. The site had low soil pH–H2O (4.9), available P (2.3 mg kg−1), total N (0.17%), high Al (2.0 cmol kg−1exchangeable Al and 29% Al saturation). Lime reduced soil pH and exchangeable Al, leading to increased soil available P. Lime at 2, 4 and 6 tons ha−1maintained soil pH ≥ 5.5 for 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. The study observed that the recommended P fertilizer rate (26 kg P ha−1) for maize production in Kenya was inadequate to raise soil available P to the critical level (≥10 mg P kg−1soil bicarbonate extractable P) required for healthy maize growth. To maintain soil available P at the critical level where 52 kg P ha−1and combined 52 kg P ha−1+ 4 tons lime ha−1were applied, it would be necessary to reapply the same P fertilizer rate after every one and two cropping seasons, respectively. The 4-year mean grain yield increments were 0.17, 0.34, 0.50, 0.58 and 1.17 tons ha−1due to 2, 4, 6 tons lime ha−1, 26 kg P and 52 kg P ha−1, respectively. Both agronomic P use and P fertilizer recovery efficiencies increased with increasing rates of lime and decreased with increasing rates of P fertilizer. Therefore, combined applications of both lime and P fertilizer are important for enhancing maize production on P-deficient acid soils in western Kenya.

Response of dryland wheat to phosphorus fertilizer as influenced by profile water storage and rainfall

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjodh Singh ◽  
R. K. Chadha ◽  
H. N. Verma ◽  
Yadvinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Loam Soil

SUMMARYEffects of phosphorus fertilizer, initial profile water storage and seasonal rainfall on yield and water use by dryland wheat on loamy-sand and sandy-loam soils were studied for a 2-year period (1973–5). Plant available water at seeding varied from 62 to 205 mm, seasonal rainfall varied from 62 to 154 mm and available P status ranged from 9·5 to 18·5 kg P/ha. Four rates of phosphorus 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/ha were tested. Available water at seeding, seasonal precipitation and the available P status of soil determined the yield response to phosphorus fertilizer. Response to P application was observed up to 15 kg and 30 kg P2O5/ha in loamy-sand and sandy-loam soils respectively. Growth and yield of wheat were highly correlated with the available water at planting plus seasonal rainfall. Total water use did not change in loamy-sand soil, but it increased by 16 mm in sandy-loam soil with the application of phosphorus. The profile water depletion pattern, further, indicates that the fertilized crop used more water from layers below 135 cm in loamy-sand and 22·5 cm in sandy-loam soil.

Genetic variation in response to soil types and phosphorus fertilizer levels in tamarack families

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wanyancha ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

The response of 10 open-pollinated tamarack (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) families to three soil types and three phosphorus fertilizer levels was investigated in a greenhouse for 26 weeks. Characters assessed included height, root collar diameter, dry weights, and phosphorus concentration and accumulation. Estimates of variance components and stability parameters were made. Variation due to soil types, phosphorus treatments, and families was significant for all characters. The family × soil interaction was not significant for any character. The family × phosphorus interaction was significant in some cases, but its magnitude was relatively small. In comparison to earlier studies with nitrogen, genetic differentiation in response to phosphorus is less pronounced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document