Re-Examining the Risk-Return Relationship: The Influence of Financial Crisis (2007-2009)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicent Aragó ◽  
Enrique Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Risk Return

scholarly journals Risk Return Performance of Bitcoin and Alternative Investment Assets in Mixed Asset Portfolios in the Years 2018 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
David Elferich
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Institutional Finance

Research background: Since the financial crisis in 2008, numerous other cryptocurrencies have established themselves in the financial industry alongside Bitcoin. Although the validity of the user cases is still lacking, Bitcoin is already being used extensively in the institutional finance sector, among others. Here, the comparison of Bitcoin to other asset classes in mixed portfolio structures must be taken into account. According to the latter, far-reaching areas of investigation emerge by adding Bitcoin in the evaluation of risk-return ratios of mixed portfolio weightings. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to examine, within the framework of Harry Markowitz’s efficiency theory, the impact of including Bitcoin as an investment asset for the risk-return ratios of mixed portfolio structures. Methods: The statistical analysis is based, among other things, on paired sample tests, where the return and volatility values are tested for significant differences in the selected test values. Findings & Value added: The statistical investigations show that the introduction of Bitcoin leads to advantageous return structures, but at the same time to significantly increased volatility values of the examined portfolio constellations. Setting a regional focus of the investment assets in the investigations led to a simplified evaluation basis and at the same time offers the scientific space for further investigations.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL CRISIS AND LOCAL BANKS: A REVIEW OF BANK-FIRM RELATIONSHIPS IN ITALY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Quintiliani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Relationship Lending ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper focuses on bank-firm relationship in an economic deeply changing environment. The objectives of the paper are two-fold: to understand, compared to the overall banking system, if the lending activities and economic-financial performances of Italian local banks have changed after the outbreak of the financial crisis; and to understand what are the conditions that allow to develop a model of a local bank capable of supporting the development routes of SMEs, by an appropriate risk/return profile. In order to answer the first research question, the paper presented an empirical analysis, covering the period 2007-2011, of Italian Cooperative Credit Banks (a particular category of local banks) compared with the system of bank groups with operability spread over much of the Italian territory and not. The empirical comparative analysis has the aim to see the effects of the crisis on the relationship bank-firm through the reading of the impact on the dynamics of lending and on the profiles of structure, riskiness, profitability and efficiency of the banks under examination. In order to provide an answer to the second research question, the paper provides some insight of evolutionary nature reflection in the bank-firm relationship. In accordance with the doctrinal postulates of the relationship lending the empirical analysis shows how the financial then real crisis has not induced Cooperative Credit Banks to restrict credit to local firms. The survey evidences have however highlighted some critical elements that are reflected inevitably on the local bank’s risk-return profile. Based only on quantitative data of statement, the empirical analysis represents a limit in this kind of research. This paper is useful to stimulate the debate of experts as well as to focus on the studies of local banks in particular in the light of their anti-cyclic role. Even if abounding in subjects about local banks and relationship lending literature faces only marginally the effects of global crisis on business profiles of local banks.

Intertemporal risk-return relationship in BRIC equity markets after the US financial crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanjot Singh ◽  
Manjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Equity Markets ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Markov Regime Switching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Markov Regime Switching Model

PurposeThis paper aims to attempt to capture the intertemporal/time-varying risk–return relationship in the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) equity markets after the global financial crisis (2007-2009), i.e. during a relative calm period. There has been a significant increase in advanced economies’ equity allocations to the emerging markets ever since the financial crisis. So, the present study is an attempt to account for the said relationship, thereby justifying investments made by the international investors. MethodologyThe study uses non-linear models comprising asymmetric component generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic model in mean (CGARCH-M) (1,1) model, generalised impulse response functions under vector autoregressive framework and Markov regime switching in mean and standard deviation model. The span of data ranges from 1 July 2009 to 31 December 2014. FindingsThe ACGARCH-M (1,1) model reports a positive and significant risk-return relationship in the Russian and Chinese equity markets only. There is leverage and volatility feedback effect in the Russian market because falling returns further increase conditional variance making the investors to expect a risk premium in the expected returns. The impulse responses indicate that for all of the BRIC markets, the ex-ante returns respond positively to a shock in the long-term risk component, whereas the response is negative to a shock in the short-term risk component. Finally, the Markov regime switching model confirms the existence of two regimes in all of the BRIC markets, namely, Bull and Bear regimes. Both the regimes exhibit negative relationship between risk and return. Practical implicationsIt is an imperative task to comprehend the relationship shared between risk and returns for an investor. The investors in the emerging economies should understand the risk-return dynamics well ahead of time so that the returns justify the investments made under riskier environment. Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the literature in three senses. First, the data relate to a period especially after the global financial crisis (2007-2009). Second, the study has used a relatively newer version of GARCH based model [ACGARCH-M (1,1) model], generalised impulse response functions and Markov regime switching model to account for the relationship between risk and return. Finally, the study provides an insightful understanding of the risk–return relationship in the most promising emerging markets group “BRIC nations”, making the study first of its kind in all the perspectives.

scholarly journals Predicting Financial Crisis by Examining Risk-Return Relationship

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sehgal ◽  
Asheesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Risk Return

scholarly journals Development of a methodology of evaluation of financial stability of commercial banks

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Brauers ◽  
Romualdas Ginevicius ◽  
Askoldas Podviezko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Economic Level

The field of evaluation of financial stability of commercial banks, which emanates from persistent existence of financial crisis, induces interest of researchers for over a century. The span of prevailing methodologies stretches from over-simplified risk-return approaches to ones comprising large number of economic variables on the micro- and/or macro-economic level. Methodologies of rating agencies and current methodologies reviewed and applied by the ECB are not intended for reducing information asymmetry in the market of commercial banks. In the paper it is shown that the Lithuanian financial system is bankbased with deposits of households being its primary sources, and its stability is primarily depending on behavior of depositors. A methodology of evaluation of commercial banks with features of decreasing information asymmetry in the market of commercial banks is being developed by comparing different MCDA methods.

Changing Risk, Return, and Leverage: The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Maroney ◽  
Atsuyuki Naka ◽  
Theresia Wansi
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Valuation Ratios

AbstractThis paper explores risk and return relations in six Asian equity markets affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. After the start of the crisis, national equity betas increased and average returns fell substantially. Beta increases due to leverage linked to exchange rates. The increase in expected return needed to accompany this rise in beta is made possible through the creation of capital losses that lower average returns. We propose a new probability-based asset pricing model that captures leverage effects using valuation ratios. Results show the role of leverage in explaining the likelihood of the financial crises. Crosssectional evidence supports time-series findings.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Mutual Funds’ Performance during Financial Crisis and Non-crisis Periods in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmed ◽  
Danish Ahmed Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Asset Allocation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Equity Mutual Funds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Period Performance

This study aims to analyze and investigates the differences in performance of Islamic and conventional mutual funds in three periods, namely the period during the financial crisis period, dated 2008 to 2009, after crises period 2010 to 2017, and the whole period, dated from 2007 to 2017. More specifically the study aims to investigate whether the Shariah compliant Equity, Income and Assets Allocation Mutual funds performed better in terms of risk adjusted basis as compared to the conventional Equity, Income and asset allocation mutual funds. The risk return behaviors were examined by employing performance measures such as Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen Alpha. Moreover, their performance in coping of systematic risk is also analyzed by regressing macroeconomic variables on returns. Study concluded that Conventional Income mutual funds perform better in all three periods including (crises and non-crises) compare to its counterpart Islamic income mutual funds in both risks adjusted basis and simple arithmetic mean basis, however their difference is not statistically significant. Study also found that Islamic equity mutual funds perform better in crises period as compare to its conventional equity mutual funds in risk adjusted basis In crises period both funds gave negative return, but Islamic equity mutual funds declined less than conventional mutual funds which shows that Islamic mutual funds provide better hedging in crises period., however there were no significant difference among the two in the other two periods. Similarly, Assets Allocation funds also have no significant difference among themselves, however Islamic asset allocation mutual funds outperform conventional asset allocation mutual funds in all three periods, especially in crises period where Islamic funds showing positive returns as compared to conventional fund that were suffering in loss of about 14%. Overall the whole period performance of Islamic mutual funds is slightly better but not statically difference.

Cross country co-movement in equity markets after the US financial crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanjot Singh ◽  
Manjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Purpose This paper aims to attempt to capture the co-movement of the Indian equity market with some of the major economic giants such as the USA, Europe, Japan and China after the occurrence of global financial crisis in a multivariate framework. Apart from these cross-country co-movements, the study also captures an intertemporal risk-return relationship in the Indian equity market, considering the covariance of the Indian equity market with the other countries as well. Design/methodology/approach To account for dynamic correlation coefficients and risk-return dynamics, vector autoregressive (1) dynamic conditional correlation–asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic model in a multivariate framework and exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic model in mean with covariances as explanatory variables are used. For an in-depth analysis, Markov regime switching model and optimal hedging ratios and weights are also computed. The span of data ranges from August 10, 2010 to August 7, 2015, especially after the global financial crisis. Findings The Indian equity market is not completely decoupled from mature markets as well as emerging market (China), but the time-varying correlation coefficients are on a downward spree after the global financial crisis, except for the US market. The Indian and Chinese equity markets witness a highest level of correlation with each other, followed by the European, US and Japanese markets. Both the optimal portfolio hedge ratios and portfolio weights with two asset classes point out toward portfolio risk minimization through the combination of the Indian and US equity market stocks from a US investor viewpoint. A negative co-movement between the Indian and US market increases the conditional expected returns in the Indian equity market. There is an insignificant but a negative relationship between the expected risk and returns. Practical implications The study provides an insight to the international as well as domestic investors and supports the construction of cross-country portfolios and risk management especially after the occurrence of global financial crisis. Originality/value The present study contributes to the literature in three senses. First, the period relates to the events after the global financial crisis (2007-2009). Second, the study examines the co-movement of the Indian equity market with four major economic giants such as the USA, Europe, Japan and China in a multivariate framework. These economic giants are excessively following the easy money policies aftermath the financial crisis so as to wriggle out of deflationary phases. Finally, the study captures risk-return relationship in the Indian equity market, considering its covariance with the international markets.

On The Risk-Return Relationship in European and MENA Major Stock Markets During the 2008 Financial Crisis

2016 ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Salim Lahmiri ◽  
Stephane Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
European Stock Markets ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between risk and return in financial markets. In particular, a comparative study is conducted to shed light on such association by using stock market data from Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Europe. The exponential generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic in the mean (EGARCH-M) methodology is adopted to investigate the return generating process in financial markets under study during the 2008 financial crisis. Empirical findings show evidence that some MENA region financial markets generated more risk reward than European stock markets.

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