High waist-to-height ratio and associated factors in adolescents from a city in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of abdominal obesity with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and associated factors in adolescents from a city in Southern Brazil. Methods: A total of 960 adolescents (494 boys) aged 15–18 years old participated in this study. The dependent variable was WHtR; independent variables were self-reported age, economic level, sexual maturation, physical activity level, screen time, and body fat. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: It was observed that 36.7% of the adolescents presented high WHtR (50.2% in girls and 23.9% in boys). Regardless of sex, adolescents with high body fat were more likely of having high WHtR (boys: Odds Ratio [OR] 29.79; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 16.87–52.62; girls: OR 19.43; 95%CI 10.51–35.94). In girls, high WHtR was associated with age (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.17–2.87), and in boys, with economic level (OR 2.34; 95%CI 1.01–5.45). Conclusions: One in each three adolescents has abdominal obesity. Among adolescents with high body fat, girls aged 15–16 and boys with high-income are the groups most exposed to abdominal obesity.

Community Empowerment with Training in the Making of Spice Tea Beverages in Banjaragung Village, Tuban District

Community Service is one of the Tri dharmas of Higher Education to be one of the accesses to achieve this vision. The community in Banjaragung Village was chosen as a partner to introduce Health Tea drinks made from pure spices. Through this activity, the author hopes to be able to carry out the mission to realize the learning process in the field of creative economic entrepreneurship with qualities that are relevant to the needs of today's society. Spices and especially sappan wood in Banjaragung Village have not been processed properly and lacked innovation. Considering that today's society needs drinks and food that can increase the body's immune system with spices, community service is made to make training to process secang wood and spices such as red ginger, lemongrass, cinnamon and tea leaves into products that are quickly consumed. by making health tea bags. Secang wood plant or the Latin nameCaesalpinia sappan is one type of spice that can be used for its woody stems or fruit. The components of bioactive compounds contained inwood, namely brazilian, brazilein, 3'-O-methyl braziline, sappansappan, chalcone, sappancalchone are known as antioxidants. Research on sappan wood as an antioxidant and can be used as a natural dye has been a lot. The counseling carried out is expected to provide insight to the community in Banjaragung Village about how to make Health Tea drinks so that they can help improve the economic level of the community.

Irrational Thoughts and Their Relationship to Emotional Stability for The Elderly in Jericho Governorate: الأفكار اللاعقلانية وعلاقتها بالاتزان الانفعالي لدى المسنين في محافظة أريحا

The aim of this study was to determine the level of irrational thoughts and emotional stability among the elderly in Governorate of Jericho, as well as the relationship between them based on gender, economic level, accommodation type, and educational level. The descriptive-analytical approach, the irrational thoughts scale, and the emotional stability scale were employed to achieve these objectives. The sample included (300) elderly people, males and females, who were chosen randomly from the elderly attending the social development centers and Grandparents’ House in Jericho. Cronbach Alpha, Pearson Correlation coefficient, t- test, one-way ANOVA were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study revealed that the elderly in Jericho Governorate have a moderate degree of both irrational thoughts and of emotional stability. The results also demonstrated an inverse statistically significant relationship between irrational thoughts and emotional stability among the elderly. The results also showed no differences in the level of irrational thoughts among the elderly in the Jericho governorate due to the variables of gender or economic level. It was found that there were differences in the level of irrational thoughts due to accommodation type and educational level. The results showed that there were no differences in the level of emotional stability among the elderly based on gender, economic level, or accommodation type, while there are statistically significant differences in the level of emotional stability attributed to the educational level.

The Social Skills and Relationship with Family Climate in the Early Childhood (A descriptive study on A Syrian sample): المهارات الاجتماعية وعلاقتها بالمناخ الأسري في مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة: (دراسة وصفية على عينة سورية)

The Research aims to Identifying the relationship between the Social Skills and the family climate, Exploring the differences in the Social Skills according to the gender variable and the birth order, in addition to identifying the differences in the family climate according to the economic level of the family. to achieve the research goals, a tool has been applied for measuring the family climate and the social skills on a sample consists of (712) mothers of children aged 3- 6 years in Syria. Research result showed There is a positive correlation between the social skills and the family climate, There are statistically significant differences in the social skills according to the gender variable, no significant differences in the social skills according to the birth order, in addition to there are statistically significant differences in the family climate according to the economic level of the family

Partisipasi Orang Tua Siswa Dalam Menghadapi Pembelajaran Daring Di SD Kristen Elim Makassar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Partisipasi Orang Tua Siswa dalam Menghadapi Pembelajaran Daring dan kesulitan orang tua dalam pembelajaran daring di SD Kristen Elim Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu orang tua siswa dan guru wali kelas V. Pengumpulan data diambil melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Penulis berperan sebagai pewawancara langsung untuk menggali data melalui orang tua siswa kelas V.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran orang tua dalam pembelajaran daring di SD Kristen Elim Makassar yaitu orang tua melaksanakan dua peran sekaligus pertama menjadi orang tua dan kedua menjadi guru di rumah; menyediakan sarana dan prasarana kepada anak; memberikan semangat; motivasi; mengarahkan anak sesuai dengan bakat dan minat yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing anak. Kesulitan orang tua dalam pembelajaran daring di SD Kristen Elim Makassar yaitu latar belakang pendidikan orang tua memengaruhi tingkat kemudahan dan kesulitan orang tua dalam mendidik anak; tingkat ekonomi orang tua memengaruhi proses pembelajaran secara daring terutama dalam hal memfasilitasi pembelajaran daring anak; kesulitan membagi waktu antara anak dan pekerjaan. This research aims to know parent’s participation in facing online learning and as well as to find out parental difficulties in online learning at Elim Christian Elementary School Makassar. This study is qualitative research and uses a descriptive approach. Subjects in this research are the student’s parents and 5th grade homeroom. The data collection is taken through interviews, observation, and documentation. The writer acts as the interviewer to dig up data through the 5th grade student’s parents. The results show that the role of parents in online learning at Elim Christian Elementary School Makassar carries out two roles. The first is being a parent and the second is being a teacher at home, providing infrastructure, giving encouragement and motivation, and being a guide to students according to their interests and talents. The difficulties faced by parents at Elim Christian Elementary School Makassar are the educational background of parents affecting the level of ease and difficulty in dealing with children, the economic level of parents affecting the online learning process, especially in terms of facilitating children's learning, and the difficulty to manage their time for children and work.

Pharmacotherapy in a patient with a foreign body in the rectum and mental retardation: A brief report

Certain types of behavior in people with a history of mental disorders and psychosis can engender harm. These behaviors can include rectal and vaginal use of foreign bodies by the patient. A 54-year-old married man from a low socio-economic level finished school just with grade 2 and suffering from mental retardation disorder, inserted a foreign body into the rectum and, after a week, and due to problems such as bleeding and lack of defecation, referred to the hospital and underwent an operation. During the psychiatric consultation, the patient showed to be ashamed of his unusual act. The cause of such behavior could not exactly be identified. Risperidone and Citalopram were prescribed for the patient, and behavior therapy and sex therapy were advised to prevent recurrence.

THE DRIVERS OF VOLUNTARY PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE DEMAND IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

During the pandemic, health care services have gained in importance. One of the ways used to finance these services is through voluntary private health insurance. Existing studies on the demand for voluntary private health insurance are based predominantly on the micro-economic level. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse the factors of demand at the macro-economic level. The analysis covers economic and demographic factors, the quality of the public health care system, risk aversion and the status of the population’s health. The empirical research is based on the databases of 29 European countries in the period from 2013 to 2017 and on the dynamic panel model. The results of the empirical analysis revealed that income, price, urbanization, health care system quality, risk aversion/education and self-perceived health are important determinants of demand for voluntary private health insurance in European countries.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study among Palestinian students (10–18 years)

Background The COVID-19 pandemic considers a threat to students’ well-being and mental health. The current descriptive cross-sectional study aims to identify psychological distress among school students during the lockdown period. Methods This study was carried out in a sample of 420 primary and secondary school students from June 10 to July 13, 2020, in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Data was collected using an online questionnaire that included informed consent, socio-demographic questions, and a psychometric scale (DASS-21). Results The results revealed that most students experienced moderate to severe levels of anxiety (89.1%) and depression (72.1%), whereas less than half of them (35.7%) experienced moderate to severe stress. Stress, anxiety and depression scores were significantly different across gender, age groups, family size, and family's economic status. The results showed that gender (β = -0.174, p < 0.001), age (β = −0.155, p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = −0.147, p = 0.002) were negative predictors correlated with stress. Family size (β = 0.156, p = 0.001) played a positive role in stress. It was found that gender (β = −0.105, p = 0.031), age (β = −0.135, p = 0.006) and economic level of family (β = −0.136, p = 0.005) were negative predictors correlated with anxiety, whereas family size (β = 0.139, p = 0.004) played a positive role in anxiety. For depression, gender (β = −0.162, p = 0.001), age (β = −0.160, p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = −0.131, p = 0.007) were negative predictors correlated with depression, whereas family size (β = −0.133, p = 0.006) was found to be a positive predictor. Concerns about the influence of COVID-19 on economic, education, and daily life were positively correlated to the levels of depression, anxiety and stress, whereas the availability of social support was negatively correlated. Conclusion The development of a health protocol for influenced students is urgently needed to maintain them remain resilient during dangerous times.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN AND USE OF OPIOIDS IN CATTLE

Pain control is an area that is currently gaining great importance, mainly for beef production. Determining the origin and causes of the painful process is a task that demands great attention from professionals, especially so that they can intervene in the best possible way. In addition to seeking to remove the factors that prompted them, they act in the prevention and treatment of the pain mechanism with the use of various drugs available on the market. The use of opioids has been the subject of studies as a pharmacological strategy for the control and management of animal suffering, a fact that induces serious losses and losses for bovine production, at the productive, reproductive and economic level. However, more and more studies are needed regarding the benefits they can provide to cattle, since there are some limitations such as cost and adverse effects.

Design of Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries Based on Entrepreneurship

Poverty is a very complex problem to solve and find a solution, this is because poverty is highly correlated with various cross-sectors with one another that is interconnected so that breaking the poverty rate requires a strategy that is concrete, valid and of course sustainable. The purpose of this paper is to make a policy design in an effort to alleviate poverty in developing countries or poor countries that have low per capita income. The main problem in developing countries is that they do not have sufficient budgets to develop their countries so that in general the budget deficit is covered through foreign debt, then it is still dependent on investment from foreign investors in driving the economy, especially in the manufacturing, industry and infrastructure sectors because the state has not been able to afford it. to build it themselves due to the lack of budget, the low quality of human resources, this is due to the low level of education so that they do not have the competitiveness in competing in getting jobs, so that people who do not have competitiveness are finally excluded and fall into poverty. Policies in developing countries are generally still at the macro-economic level, not at the micro-economic level in poverty alleviation so that the poverty rate, although there is a decline, is still very small compared to the ratio of poverty growth to population. One solution to overcome this poverty problem is to build an entrepreneurial spirit because entrepreneurship will have high economic value and have a very large multiplayer for economic growth.