The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in International Environmental Law

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dias Varella
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Part VI Actors, Ch.38 Non-State Actors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angstadt J Michael ◽  
Betsill Michele
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
State Actor ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
International Rule

This chapter describes non-state actors (NSAs), which encompass a range of entities that collectively extend international environmental law beyond traditional state authority in numerous regimes. Characterized by considerable breadth and diversity, NSAs exist within the traditional, state-centric treaty architecture while simultaneously contesting its structure. Because diverse institutional actors can satisfy the definition of ‘non-state actor’, the chapter analyses a subset of NSAs: non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It first defines NGOs, identifying some common characteristics that influence their ability to advance international environmental law, and noting fundamental criteria used to distinguish among NGOs. The chapter then discusses three key functions that NGOs perform in contemporary international environmental law: serving as activists engaged in agenda-setting functions; performing diplomacy to shape and facilitate international rule-making processes; and contributing to rule-making, implementation, and enforcement in contemporary global governance. It concludes by forecasting strong continued NGO participation in developing non-treaty international environmental law.

Non-Governmental Organizations and Civil Society

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Law Making

Among the features of emerging decision-making structures, the participation of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) may be the least amenable to traditional models of world politics. For political leaders and scholars alike, NGOs' place and legitimacy as independent global actors remains contested. International environmental law making has presented a useful vehicle for the study of NGOs and civil society in this new global context. Along with human rights, international environmental law stands at the forefront of international law making. A relatively new area of intensive international regulation, its institutional features are thus only now being mapped out, and can reflect the evolving role of NGOs in a way that more entrenched regimes cannot. This article examines major theoretical approaches to NGO participation in international law, both generally and with specific application to international environmental law. It also considers their place in liberal theory, focusing on NGOs as stakeholders acting through international institutions and as freelancers acting through the marketplace.

scholarly journals The Development of International Environmental Law at the Present Stage: The Review of Activities, International Treaties and Case Law

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
M. R. Salia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
New Era ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions

The international community is experiencing the beginning of a new era in the development of international environmental law, where the rights to healthy environment are protected not only by international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, States, but also by young activists around the world. Since 2020, States have committed themselves to implementing nationally determined contributions made in accordance with the 2015 Paris Agreement. (The Russian Federation is one of the Parties to this Agreement). The Fifth Montevideo Programme for the Development and Periodic Review of Environmental Law implemented under the auspices of UNEP was also launched in 2020. Thus, the UN is trying to intensify the process of improving and implementing international rules of law of international environmental law into the national legislation of Member States. The review of international and national practices on environmental disputes indicates a trend towards an increase in this type of disputes, which in turn shows an increase in the level of legal culture and legal consciousness of citizens. These are people who are not indifferent to their future and the future of the next generations, to a healthy environment and to a prosperous life on the Earth. It is important to understand that, in accordance with the principles of international environmental law, such as “the environment is the common concern of mankind” and “the relationship between the protection of the environment and peace , development, human rights and fundamental freedoms”, the responsibility for pollution (in broader understanding) is borne by each of us: citizens, companies, States, international organizations, and everyone should be interested in achieving the goal of protecting it.

Part VI Actors, Ch.36 International Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hey Ellen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
Normative Development ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Rules And Standards

This chapter maps the different roles of international institutions involved in the development of international environmental law by considering the initiating roles that some institutions play, the institutional structure of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), and the roles of scientific and financial institutions. It charts how MEAs link to each other substantively by focusing on the relationships between global and regional MEAs and the synergies and contestations between global MEAs. These mapping processes result in the identification of patterns that illustrate the different roles and types of links that exist between international institutions. International institutions, together with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), engage in two types of activities in developing international environmental law. First, they engage in normative development. That is the development of rules and standards that are to regulate human activity. Second, they engage in implementing these rules and standards.

THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) AS INTERMEDIARIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DECISION TO ADOPT INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS: 1973–2002

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrimi Kaya ◽  
Robert J. Kirsch ◽  
Klaus Henselmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This paper analyzes the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as intermediaries in encouraging the European Union (EU) to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS). Our analysis begins with the 1973 founding of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), and ends with 2002 when the binding EU regulation was approved. We document the many pathways of interaction between European supranational, governmental bodies and the IASC/IASB, as well as important regional NGOs, such as the Union Européenne des Experts Comptables, Économiques et Financiers (UEC), the Groupe d'Etudes des Experts Comptables de la Communauté Économique Européenne (Groupe d'Etudes), and their successor, the Fédération des Experts Comptables Européens (FEE). This study investigates, through personal interviews of key individuals involved in making the history of the organizations studied, and an extensive set of primary sources, how NGOs filled key roles in the process of harmonization of international accounting standards.

Touring for peace: the role of dual-narrative tours in creating transnational activists

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Maureen Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Peace And Justice

Purpose Scholarship on the contact hypothesis and peacebuilding suggests that contact with marginalized ethnic and racial groups may reduce prejudice and improve opportunities for conflict resolution. Through a study of dual-narrative tours to Israel/Palestine, the purpose of this paper is to address two areas of the debate surrounding this approach to social change. First, past research on the effectiveness of contact-based tourism as a method to change attitudes is inconclusive. Travel to a foreign country has been shown to both improve and worsen tourists’ perceptions of a host population. Second, few scholars have attempted to link contact-based changes in attitudes to activism. Design/methodology/approach Through an analysis of 218 post-tour surveys, this study examines the role of dual-narrative tours in sparking attitude change that may facilitate involvement in peace and justice activism. Surveys were collected from the leading “dual-narrative” tour company in the region, MEJDI. Dual-narrative tours uniquely expose mainstream tourists in Israel/Palestine to Palestinian perspectives that are typically absent from the majority of tours to the region. This case study of dual-narrative tours therefore provides a unique opportunity to address the self-selecting bias, as identified by contact hypothesis and tourism scholars, in order to understand the potential impacts of exposure to marginalized narratives. Findings The findings of this study suggest that while these tours tend to engender increased support for Palestinians over Israelis, their most salient function appears to be the cultivation of empathy for “both sides” of the conflict. Similarly, dual-narrative tours often prompt visitors to understand the conflict to be more complex than they previously thought. In terms of activism, tourists tend to prioritize education-based initiatives in their plans for post-tour political engagement. In addition, a large number of participants articulated commitments to support joint Israeli–Palestinian non-governmental organizations and to try to influence US foreign policy to be more equitable. Originality/value These findings complicate debates within the scholarship on peacebuilding as well as within movements for social justice in Israel/Palestine. While programs that equate Israeli and Palestinian perspectives are often criticized for reinforcing the status quo, dual-narrative tours appear to facilitate nuance and universalism while also shifting tourists toward greater identification with an oppressed population. Together, these findings shed light on the ability of tourism to facilitate positive attitude change about a previously stigmatized racial/ethnic group, as well as the power of contact and exposure to marginalized narratives to inspire peace and justice activism.

scholarly journals A legal paradigm shift towards climate justice in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-68
Author(s):  
Sam Adelman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Ecological Catastrophe

Business as usual is widely acknowledged as the main driver of ecological collapse and climate breakdown, but less attention is paid to the role of law as usual as an impediment to climate justice. This article analyses how domestic and international environmental law facilitate injustices against living entities and nature. It calls for a paradigm shift in legal theory, practice and teaching to reflect the scale and urgency of the unfolding ecological catastrophe. Section 2 outlines the links between climatic harms and climate injustices. This is followed by discussions of unsustainable law and economic development in sections 3 and 4. Section 5 examines the potential contribution of new materialist legal theory in bringing about a legal paradigm shift that reflects the jurisgenerative role of nature in promoting climate justice.

scholarly journals Kepentingan Dan Peran Aktor Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Pulau Pahawang Kecamatan Marga Punduh Kabupaten Pesawaran

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Iga Yulia Mustika ◽  
Asihing Kustanti ◽  
Rudi Hilmanto
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Biodiversity Education ◽  
Fire Wood

Mangrove forest has physical, biological/ecological and social-economics functions. Mangrove forest at Pulau Pahawang Village, Marga Punduh, Subdistrict Pesawaran has many functions which causes many interest of actors. This research was aimed to identify and maping the role of actors interest. This research was conducted on August until October 2015, by using key informant namely agencies village, local communities, public figure, related department and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO).             The result showed that there was six important aspect namely the existence of the green belt, kind of variety (biodiversity), education facilities, fire wood, non-timber forest product, and tourist facilities. Pulau Pahawang Village has three quadrant matrix interest, quadrant subject has State Ministry of The Environment. Quadrant keyplayers has Department of Forestry and Estate Crops, Mangrove Protected Area Management Agency (BPDPM), and Mitra Bentala as NGOs. Quadrant crowd has Development Planning Agency in Sub-National Level, Land Agency, Department of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs, Regional House of Representatives, and local. Keyword : actor interest, mangrove forest, Pulau Pahawang, role of actor

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