How Electoral Institutions Change the Influence of World Trade Integration on Trade Policies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian W. Martin ◽  
Nils D. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Electoral Institutions

Adjudicating International Trade Cases in the World Trade Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 330-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Hughes
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

The presence of women on WTO panels and the Appellate Body makes a difference from the perspective of institutional legitimacy. However, given the limited experience with women adjudicators on the WTO bench and the fact that WTO dispute reports are not signed individually but by all three adjudicators, it is impossible to prove whether women have made a difference by bringing a unique perspective to WTO adjudication. Nevertheless, it is possible to suppose that they would do so for two reasons. First, WTO Members believe that the individual perspective of an adjudicator can inform her or his decision-making, at least in the case of developing country adjudicators. Second, trade policy makers have come to realize that trade policies can affect women and men differently, and hence that developing trade policies requires a gender-based analysis. With this in mind, it is suggested that there is a gender-based approach to WTO adjudication.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
World Trading System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role And Function

This chapter concludes that international trade and trade policies are frequently the object of condemnation rather than approbation. It explains how the condemnation are often the result of misconceptions about the benefits of international trade, the impact of trade policies, and the role and function of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Though the last few decades have been marked by a general reduction in trade barriers, the matter is not settled because the pressures to weaken the commitment to open markets never abate. The chapter emphasizes on difficult policy choices at the intersection of trade policy and climate change that could hold key battles over the world trading system in coming years. It also highlights the several benefits of world trade and the contribution of trade to the welfare and prosperity of billions of people around the world.

The Role of Trade in Economic Development

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah Frank
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
First Time

The key role of trade in the development process is widely accepted today. Two recent events, both relating to international organizations, underscore this acceptance. One was the convening in 1964 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and its establishment as a permanent organ of the UN system. Under UNCTAD's aegis a continuing examination is being conducted as to ways of reshaping world trade policies in the interests of the developing countries. The other event was the adoption early the following year of a new set of articles on trade and development in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In the new articles recognition of the role of exports in economic development was established for the first time in the text of the GATT itself, and a constitutional basis was provided for GATT's many activities designed to promote the exports of developing countries. Elsewhere in this volume are essays evaluating the contributions of UNCTAD and GATT toward the promotion of development in the world's poor countries. In this essay I will rather explore more generally the relation between international trade and economic development and discuss some of the problems that have arisen in the effort to make trade a more effective instrument of development.

World Trade Policies

1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Roger Dehem ◽  
Henry Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies

scholarly journals The Global Welfare Impact of China: Trade Integration and Technological Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian di Giovanni ◽  
Andrei A. Levchenko ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Welfare ◽  
Catch Up

This paper evaluates the global welfare impact of China's trade integration and technological change in a multi-country quantitative Ricardian-Heckscher-Ohlin model. We simulate two alternative growth scenarios: a “balanced” one in which China's productivity grows at the same rate in each sector, and an “unbalanced” one in which China's comparative disadvantage sectors catch up disproportionately faster to the world productivity frontier. Contrary to a well-known conjecture (Samuelson 2004), the large majority of countries experience significantly larger welfare gains when China's productivity growth is biased toward its comparative disadvantage sectors. This finding is driven by the inherently multilateral nature of world trade. (JEL F14, F43, 019, 033, 047, P24, P33)

World Trade Policies. Henry Chalmers

1954 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Gardner Patterson
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies

Global Public Policy and the World Trade Organization after Shrimp/Turtle and Asbestos

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 253-352
Author(s):  
Maureen Irish
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Technical Barriers To Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Global Public Policy

SummaryRecent decisions of the Appellate Body of the WTO deal with the interpretation of GATT Article XX, which provides exemptions from trade obligations for important non-trade policies such as the protection of health and the environment. The article discusses those decisions, as well as the balance between trade and non-trade interests in the provisions of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.

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