Gross Exports versus Value Added Exports: Determinants and Policy Implications for Manufacturing Sectors in Selected CEE Countries

Research background: Residential mobility affects the spatial structure of cities and urban development. Longer-distance migration has many additional implications: it affects the demographic situation of a sending area as well as its growth prospects. The literature on interregional and especially international migration regards residential satisfaction as being of at least secondary importance. More attention to this concept is given in research on intra-urban migration and suburbanisation. In a seminal paper of Speare (1974), residential satisfaction was found to be the best predictor of the willingness to move. However, determinants of mobility are country-specific. Purpose of the article: Answering the following research questions: 1) What is the scale and selectivity of the intention to move among city residents? 2) Does residential satisfaction explain variation in migration intentions? Methods: The data are derived from the PAPI survey on life quality in Lublin, Poland (sample: 1101 residents). We build ordered logit models explaining residents’ declarations regarding different types of migration (intra-urban migration, suburbanisation, interregional and international migration) with various proxies of residential satisfaction, as well as financial situation and demographic attributes. Findings & Value added: The propensity to migrate was declared by approx. 15–30% of respondents, depending on the type of migration, which indicates relatively low mobility as against EU countries. We confirm that the intention to move is highly selective. The estimated ordered logit models explaining the intention to move prove that satisfaction with housing and neighbourhood characteristics along with life-stage characteristics are relevant predictors of intention to move both within and outside the region. We disregard the opinion that unemployment and adverse financial situation are key drivers of mobility in contemporary Poland. In a more international context, we provide evidence on how long- and short-distance migration are different in nature and discuss some policy implications regarding countering depopulation in peripheral areas.

Download Full-text

Pakistan’s Experience with the Pakistan–China FTA: Lessons for CPEC

THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ◽

10.35536/lje.v22.isp.a1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (Special Edition) ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theresa Theresa ◽

Nida Jamil ◽

Azam Chaudhry

Keyword(s):

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Market Access ◽

Value Added ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Firm Level ◽

Trade Data ◽

Chinese Markets ◽

The Impact ◽

Tariff Reductions

As Pakistan enters the CPEC era, there is a sense of optimism as well as concern in the country, given the uncertain economic impact of this major collaboration between China and Pakistan. Using firm-level and trade data, we empirically test the impact of the 2006 free trade agreement (FTA) between the two countries on the productivity, size and value added of potentially affected Pakistani firms. These results have important policy implications for CPEC initiatives. We start with a difference-in-difference analysis, comparing trends in those sectors in Pakistan made more vulnerable by tariff reductions on Chinese goods relative to sectors for which the tariff did not change significantly. Next, we examine those sectors in Pakistan that were given greater access to Chinese markets through reductions in the Chinese tariff on Pakistani goods relative to sectors for which market access remained roughly the same. In the sectors made more vulnerable by reductions in Pakistani tariffs on Chinese goods, imports to Pakistan have risen, while productivity, value added and value added per worker have fallen relative to other sectors since the FTA. In the sectors for which Pakistan gained access to Chinese markets, exports and employment have risen, but productivity and value added have fallen relative to other sectors since the FTA.

Download Full-text

The Role of Technical Innovation and Development of Industrial Sector in Korean International Business

International Journal of Business and Society ◽

10.33736/ijbs.3162.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 55-73

Author(s):

Ali Mohammed Khalel Al-Shawaf ◽

Tahira Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Time Series Data ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Value Added ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Least Square ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Series Data ◽

Significance Level

With the pace of development and competitiveness, innovation plays an important role to capture the market share. Various countries have effective strategies to enhance Research and Development (R&D) and exchange value added products in international market. So, based on this the aim of this research is to examine the role of R&D, industrial design and charges for intellectual property in innovative exports in South Korean economy. Time series data for the period 1998 to 2017, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models are used to determine the dynamic interrelationship among the study variables. In summary, the overall results show that there is co-integration rank of in both trace test and value test at 1% significance level. Moreover, OLS and GMM findings depict that there is significant and positive coefficient for ID & RD which represent that they have positive impact on HT. Whereas, the IP displays a negative and significant relationship with high technology exports accordingly. Lastly, the diagnostic tests show that model is stable for the study time period and result is reliable. The current study also suggests some policy implications which can enhance innovative export products of South Korea while enhancing R&D.

Download Full-text

Reallocation effects of recessions and financial crises: an industry-level analysis

The B E Journal of Macroeconomics ◽

10.1515/bejm-2015-0082 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fabrizio Coricelli ◽

Aikaterini E. Karadimitropoulou ◽

Miguel A. Leon-Ledesma

Keyword(s):

Emerging Markets ◽

Emerging Economies ◽

Financial Crises ◽

Value Added ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Large Set ◽

Allocation Of Resources ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Manufacturing Sectors ◽

Level Analysis

AbstractWe characterize the behavior of disaggregate manufacturing sectors for a large set of developed and emerging markets around recession dates. We uncover some relevant stylized facts. The dispersion in value added (VA) growth rates in developed economies is counter-cyclical, whereas for emerging countries it is pro-cyclical. Recoveries are more productivity-driven in developed countries as opposed to employment-driven for emerging markets. Around recession episodes sectoral-level misallocation of resources does not significantly change in developed economies, whereas it increases in emerging economies during financial crises. Therefore, there is no evidence that recessions improve the allocation of resources across industries.

Download Full-text

Stride of Service Sector in Nepal’s Trajectories of Structural Change

Economic Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.3126/ejdi.v21i1-2.19024 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 69-98

Author(s):

Madhav Prasad Dahal

Keyword(s):

Structural Transformation ◽

Service Sector ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Value Added ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Series Data ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Gross Value Added

Agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors are the major economic sectors of a country. The long held view is that economies’ development trajectories move from agriculture to manufacturing to services. These conclusions are primarily based on the studies of developed countries. However more recent studies relating to developing countries have brought evidences that the structural transformation path is not linear as experienced by today’s developed countries. Nepal is not an exception is experiencing the waves of sector-wise structural transformation. Using time series data of the period 1975-2016 of the economy of Nepal this paper analyses the association between gross value added and service sector value added in the analytic-framework of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to cointegration. The empirical result reveal a cointegrating relationship between real gross value added and service sector value added. Result also show service sector enhancing role of education and export trade of Nepal. The paper finally draws few policy implications essential for service sector sustainability to support overall economic growth.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 21 & 22 No. 1-2 (2016) Combined Issue

Download Full-text

Average value-added and labour intensity per worker for manufacturing sectors in Peru

Multi-dimensional Review of Peru - OECD Development Pathways ◽

10.1787/9789264264670-graph8-en ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Average Value ◽

Labour Intensity ◽

Manufacturing Sectors

Download Full-text

Teacher Effects and Teacher Effectiveness: A Validity Investigation of the Tennessee Value Added Assessment System

Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis ◽

10.3102/01623737025003287 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 287-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Haggai Kupermintz

Keyword(s):

Teacher Effectiveness ◽

Teaching Effectiveness ◽

Value Added ◽

Assessment System ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Definition Of ◽

Validation Research ◽

Value Added Measures

This article addresses the validity of teacher evaluation measures produced by the Tennessee Value Added Assessment System (TVAAS). The system analyzes student test score data and estimates the effects of individual teachers on score gains. These effects are used to construct teacher value-added measures of teaching effectiveness. We describe the process of generating teacher effectiveness estimates in TVAAS and discuss policy implications of using these estimates for accountability purposes. Specifically, the article examines the TVAAS definition of teacher effectiveness, the mechanism employed in calculating numerical estimates of teacher effectiveness, and the relationships between these estimates and student ability and socioeconomic background characteristics. Our validity analyses point to several logical and empirical weaknesses of the system, and underscore the need for a strong validation research program on TVAAS.

Download Full-text

Adopting the Diversity Management Approach. Case of Slovakia

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20219202042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 02042

Author(s):

Tomas Michalicka ◽

Drahoslav Lancaric ◽

Hana Zach

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Value Added ◽

Diversity Management ◽

The United States ◽

Point Of View ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Management Approach ◽

Legal Form ◽

Business Organisation ◽

Organizational Behaviour

Research background: Towards the end of the previous century the issue of management of diversity in organisations gained a prominent place in both academic and societal debates. For any multicultural country, such as the United States or Great Britain, the issue of diversity is not new. However, diversity has not been as frequently researched in the countries of the Visegrad region: the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. Purpose of the article: Using the data about 278 business organizations in Slovakia, we focus on the background of the implementation of diversity management from the point of view of factors having a direct influence on this process. We evaluate the influence of the legal form (as an expression of the number of owners and the ability to quickly adopt a new concept) of the business organisation, the size (number of employees) of the business organisation, the share of the foreign capital in the ownership structure of the organisations, the sector of economy the organization operates in, its performance and the existence of HR unit in the organizational structure. Methods: To evaluate the influence of the selected factors linear modelling was used. Findings & Value added: The study theoretically contributes to human resource management, talent management and organizational behaviour theories, and offers several policy implications for decision makers. Specifically, it deals with the relationship between the implementation of the diversity management selected organizations` characteristics.

Download Full-text