Average value-added and labour intensity per worker for manufacturing sectors in Peru

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors

scholarly journals Women’s Economic Empowerment in Vietnam: Performance and Constraints of Female-Led Manufacturing SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
MinhTam Bui ◽  
Trinh Q. Long
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This paper identifies whether there was a performance difference among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) led by men and by women in Vietnam during the period 2005–2013 and aims to provide explanations for the differences, if any, in various performance indicators. The paper adopts a quantitative approach using a firm-level panel dataset in the manufacturing sector in 10 provinces/cities in Vietnam in five waves from 2005 to 2013. Fixed effect models are estimated to examine the influence of firm variables and demographic, human capital characteristics of owners/managers on firms’ value added, labor productivity and employment creation. We found that men led MSMEs did not outperform those led by women on average. Although the average value added was lower for female-led firms in the informal sector, the opposite was true in the formal sector where women tend to lead medium-size firms with higher value added and labor productivity. The performance disparity was more envisaged across levels of formality and less clear from a gender perspective. Moreover, while firms owned by businessmen seemed to create more jobs, firms owned by women had a higher share of female employees. No significant difference in business constraints faced by women and by men was found.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK TURUNAN MADU PADA CV. MADU APIARI MUTIARA CIMANGGIS, DEPOK, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Fahmi Noval Amar ◽  
Eny Dwiningsih ◽  
Armaeni Dwi Humaerah
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
West Java ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
C Value ◽  
Productivity Ratio

The purposes of this study are: 1) to determine the ratio of added values, productivities, and distribution margins resulting from any derived products of honey, and 2) to determine the efficiency of derived products of honey during the period of analysis from 2012 until 2013. The research was carried out in the CV. Madu Apiari Mutiara located in Depok, West Java. The hayami method, the productivity ratio and the R/C ratio were employed to analyze the data. Results from data analyses showed that the average value added per production of the whole product is Rp 20,892.90, - or the value added ratio 35.65 % on an average. The product with the highest productivity of all is honey shampoo. Overall, the R/C value on an average amounted to 1.90 that means business efficiency of derived products of honey is profitable and feasible to be developed.

Do Low-Income Students Have Equal Access to Effective Teachers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 016237372110405
Author(s):  
Eric Isenberg ◽  
Jeffrey Max ◽  
Philip Gleason ◽  
Jonah Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
English Language ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Added Model ◽  
Standard Deviations

We examine access to effective teachers for low-income students in 26 geographically dispersed school districts over a 5-year period. We measure teacher effectiveness using a value-added model that accounts for measurement error in prior test scores and peer effects. Differences between the average value added of teachers of high- and low-income students are 0.005 standard deviations in English/language arts and 0.004 standard deviations in math. Differences between teachers of Black, Hispanic, and White students are also small. Rearranging teachers to obtain perfect equity would do little to narrow the sizable student achievement gap between low- and high-income students. We also show that a higher proportion of novice teachers in high-poverty schools contributes negligibly to differences in access to effective teachers.

Evaluation of Firm Performances in Emerging Markets

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-354
Author(s):  
Seda Ekmen Özçelik
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Surveys

This chapter provides basic understanding of firm performance in emerging markets by focusing on labor productivity and total factor productivity. In the study, labor productivity is measured in terms of average value added per worker. Total factor productivity is obtained from estimations of Cobb-Douglas production function where value added is a function of labor and capital. Data is obtained from the firm-level Enterprise Surveys by the World Bank. According to the results, differences in average labor productivities are significant among the sectors within each emerging region. Also, the value of factor elasticities changes across sectors as well as across regions. Moreover, the elasticity of capital is lower than the elasticity of labor for all sectors in regions. It implies that labor plays a more significant role and the firms are operating in a more labor-intensive production process in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Reallocation effects of recessions and financial crises: an industry-level analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Coricelli ◽  
Aikaterini E. Karadimitropoulou ◽  
Miguel A. Leon-Ledesma
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractWe characterize the behavior of disaggregate manufacturing sectors for a large set of developed and emerging markets around recession dates. We uncover some relevant stylized facts. The dispersion in value added (VA) growth rates in developed economies is counter-cyclical, whereas for emerging countries it is pro-cyclical. Recoveries are more productivity-driven in developed countries as opposed to employment-driven for emerging markets. Around recession episodes sectoral-level misallocation of resources does not significantly change in developed economies, whereas it increases in emerging economies during financial crises. Therefore, there is no evidence that recessions improve the allocation of resources across industries.

scholarly journals Characterising deindustrialisation: An analysis of changes in manufacturing employment and output internationally

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Tregenna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decomposition Techniques ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Manufacturing Employment ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Employment Share ◽  
Special Growth

Abstract Deindustrialisation is typically conceptualised as a decline in manufacturing as a share of total employment. From a Kaldorian perspective deindustrialisation could have negative implications for long-run growth, given the special growth-pulling properties of manufacturing. However, defining deindustrialisation purely in terms of employment share is conceptually limiting given that some of the Kaldorian processes operate primarily through output rather than employment, as well as blunting empirical analysis by not focussing enough on changes in manufacturing share of gross domestic product (GDP). This study develops a new method using decomposition techniques to analyse changes in manufacturing employment levels and shares in 48 countries over periods of ‘deindustrialisation’. The analysis separates out changes in the levels and shares of employment manufacturing into components associated with changes in the share of manufacturing in GDP, the growth of manufacturing value-added, the labour intensity of manufacturing production and economic growth. The results indicate that in most cases the decline in manufacturing employment is associated primarily with falling labour intensity of manufacturing rather than an overall decline in the size or share of the manufacturing sector. We suggest that deindustrialisation should appropriately be defined in terms of a sustained decline in both the share of manufacturing in total employment and the share of manufacturing in GDP.

scholarly journals The State of Manufacturing in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (Sspecial Edition) ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Rajah Rasiah ◽  
Nazia Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Shift ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

The history of successful industrializers, such as South Korea and Taiwan, shows a systematic shift in the production structure from low- to high- value added activities in manufacturing and its resulting impact on agriculture, mining and services. Within manufacturing, the transformation is seen in both a movement from low-value added sectors, such as apparel making, to high-tech activities, such as automotive and electronics products, and, within particular industries, vertical integration into knowledge-intensive activities. Pakistan’s failure to engender the conditions to stimulate technological upgrading within its leading manufacturing industry of clothing, and a shift away to higher-value added industries is the prime reason why the country has not achieved rapid growth in GDP per capital over the long-term. This paper discusses Pakistan’s stagnation in manufacturing over the period 1960-2013 against the experience of the rapid industrializers of South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia. Drawing on empirical evidence it argues that Pakistan requires a dynamic industrial policy that focuses on technological upgrading in its existing manufacturing sectors and the creation of competitive advantage in high value-added sectors if the country is to experience sustained long-term economic growth.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) DAN FINANCIAL VALUE ADDED (FVA) (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. NIPPON INDOSARI CORPINDO TBK. TAHUN 2014-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Nangsi Mohamad ◽  
Lanto Miriatin Amali ◽  
Meriyana Franssisca Dungga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
State University ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Analysis of Financial Performance based on Economic Value Added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA) (Case Study at PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk in 2014-2018). Bachelor’s Degree Program in Management, Faculty of Economics, State University of Gorontalo. The principal sepervisior is Lanto Miriatin Amali, S. Sos., M.Si., and the co-supervisor is Meriyana Frsansissca Dungga, SE, MM. The research objective was to find out the financial performance of company based on analysis Economic Value Added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA) from 2014 to 2018 at PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk. The research data were obtained through financial statement in Indonesia Stock Exchange in form of company’s annual statement. The research data were secondary data. The research method used quantitative descriptive. The research sample focused on PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk at Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research finding indicated that the result of calculation from economic value added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA) at PT. Nippon Indosari Corindo Tbk listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) fluctuated or limit of economic value added and limit of financial value added were dynamic expriencing movement although the condition of value was dynamic (up-down). Yet the average value of both was > 0 (positive) so that it was assumed to have been able to create economic value added and financial value added.

scholarly journals Flexible Abrasive Tools for the Deburring and Finishing of Holes in Superalloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Rodríguez ◽  
Asier Fernández ◽  
Luís López de Lacalle ◽  
Leonardo Sastoque Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Abrasive Tools ◽  
Edge Finishing ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Machining Operations

Many manufacturing sectors require high surface finishing. After machining operations such as milling or drilling, undesirable burrs or insufficient edge finishing may be generated. For decades, many finishing processes have been on a handmade basis; this fact is accentuated when dealing with complex geometries especially for high value-added parts. In recent years, there has been a tendency towards trying to automate these kinds of processes as far as possible, with repeatability and time/money savings being the main purposes. Based on this idea, the aim of this work was to check new tools and strategies for finishing aeronautical parts, especially critical engine parts made from Inconel 718, a very ductile nickel alloy. Automating the edge finishing of chamfered holes is a complicated but very important goal. In this paper, flexible abrasive tools were used for this purpose. A complete study of different abrasive possibilities was carried out, mainly focusing on roughness analysis and the final edge results obtained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document