Can Information About Inequality and Social Mobility Change Preferences for Redistribution? Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials in 11 High and Middle-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hoy ◽  
Franziska Mager
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution

School-Based Interventions Targeting Double Burden of Malnutrition and Educational Outcomes of Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Shinde ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Wafaie W Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions

Abstract BackgroundAdolescence is a period of rapid physical growth and transition between childhood to adulthood. However, in many developing countries, nutritional and epidemiological transitions are contributing to surging overnutrition, which, together with prevalent undernutrition, is resulting in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among adolescents. Schools as social systems have tremendous but mostly underutilized capacity to facilitate change and address a range of nutritional and associated educational concerns of adolescents and young people. The main objective of this systematic review will be to synthesize the evidence on school-based nutrition interventions that aimed to address the DBM, and the associated educational outcomes among adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsComprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases, including the Medline (through PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL (through Cochrane Library), CINAHL, and Google Scholar. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after studies, and non-randomized controlled trials examining the effects of nutrition interventions on DBM and educational outcomes among adolescents (10−19−years−old) in LMICs. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations and full-text articles and abstract data. The quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias for RCTs and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool for controlled before-after studies and non-randomized controlled trials. DiscussionTo maximize the power of schools as a platform to reinforce the mutually beneficial relationship between adolescent nutrition and education, it is imperative to develop and implement integrated interventions connecting schools, adolescents, parents, communities, and the health care system. The results of this systematic review will provide a comprehensive state of current knowledge on the effectiveness of school-based interventions to enable future research that maximizes the impact and efficiency of integrated approaches to tackle multiple forms of malnutrition among school-going and out-of-school adolescents.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO ID: 211109 (under review)

scholarly journals The scope of tobacco cessation randomized controlled trials in low- to middle-income countries: protocol for a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Jessica Ainooson ◽  
Ameera Billings ◽  
Grace Chen ◽  
Lauren Cueto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Can video interventions be used to effectively destigmatize mental illness among young people? A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Janoušková ◽  
E. Tušková ◽  
A. Weissová ◽  
P. Trančík ◽  
J. Pasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cluster Randomized

AbstractVideo is considered to be an effective, easy to use tool employed in anti-stigma interventions among young people. Mass media has been shown to be effective for reducing stigma; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine the destigmatization effects of videos specifically. This article systematically reviews the effectiveness of video intervention in reducing stigma among young people between 13 and 25 years. We searched 13 electronic databases including randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, and controlled before and after studies. Of the 1426 abstracts identified, 23 studies (reported in 22 papers) met the inclusion criteria. Video interventions led to improvements in stigmatising attitudes. Video was found to be more effective than other interventions, such as classical face-to-face educational sessions or simulation of hallucinations. According to results of two studies, social contact delivered via video achieved similar destigmatization effect to that delivered via a live intervention. Although the quality of studies as well as the form of video interventions varied, the findings suggest that video is a promising destigmatization tool among young people; however, more studies in this area are needed. There was a lack of evidence for interventions outside of school environments, in low- and middle-income countries, and studies, which looked at long-term outcomes or measured impact on actual behaviour and implicit attitudes. The review generates recommendations for video interventions targeted at young people.

Community-based interventions for prevention of Type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Gyawali ◽  
Joakim Bloch ◽  
Abhinav Vaidya ◽  
Per Kallestrup
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ovid Medline

Abstract Type 2 diabetes is an increasing burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Knowledge of effective prevention programs in LMICs is thus important. The aim of this review was to establish an overview of studies evaluating the effectiveness of community-based interventions for prevention of Type 2 diabetes in LMICs. A literature review with searches in the databases using MEDLINE in Ovid (Ovid MEDLINE® In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily, Ovid MEDLINE and Version (R); Embase; PsycINFO; Global Health; and Google Scholar) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015 was conducted. Only 10 studies that met our selection criteria were included; 3 were randomized controlled trials, 2 non-randomized controlled trials and 5 were pre-and post-intervention studies. About 9 of 10 studies reported significant reduction in both the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as a result of the intervention. A majority of the studies included multicomponent interventions such as education and behavioral encompassing both individual and group work, and included health education, nutrition education, nutrition counseling, exercise and promoting physical activity, psychosocial approaches and lifestyle modification. The interventions were delivered by community health workers, volunteers, social workers, community nutritionists and community nurses. Comparisons between studies, however, was not possible due to substantial heterogeneity in study design. This review contributes to the current literature on community-based interventions for prevention of Type 2 diabetes in LMICs, acknowledging the community-based approach can be effective in prevention and control of Type 2 diabetes. Due to the heterogeneity across study designs, outcomes and in terms of variation and duration of interventions, only limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of interventions. More evidence from randomized controlled trials on culturally tailored, community-based interventions is needed to compare findings and test implementation in practice.

scholarly journals Informed consent rates for neonatal randomized controlled trials in low- and lower middle-income versus high-income countries: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248263
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn K. Patterson ◽  
Stuti Pant ◽  
Denise F. Jones ◽  
Syed Taha ◽  
Michael S. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objective Legal, ethical, and regulatory requirements of medical research uniformly call for informed consent. We aimed to characterize and compare consent rates for neonatal randomized controlled trials in low- and lower middle-income countries versus high-income countries, and to evaluate the influence of study characteristics on consent rates. Methods In this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials of neonatal interventions in low- and lower middle-income countries or high-income countries published 01/01/2013 to 01/04/2018. Our primary outcome was consent rate, the proportion of eligible participants who consented amongst those approached, extracted from the article or email with the author. Using a generalised linear model for fractional dependent variables, we analysed the odds of consenting in low- and lower middle-income countries versus high-income countries across control types and interventions. Findings We screened 3523 articles, yielding 300 eligible randomized controlled trials with consent rates available for 135 low- and lower middle-income country trials and 65 high-income country trials. Median consent rates were higher for low- and lower middle-income countries (95.6%; interquartile range (IQR) 88.2–98.9) than high-income countries (82.7%; IQR 68.6–93.0; p<0.001). In adjusted regression analysis comparing low- and lower middle-income countries to high-income countries, the odds of consent for no placebo-drug/nutrition trials was 3.67 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.87–7.19; p = 0.0002) and 6.40 (95%CI 3.32–12.34; p<0.0001) for placebo-drug/nutrition trials. Conclusion Neonatal randomized controlled trials in low- and lower middle-income countries report consistently higher consent rates compared to high-income country trials. Our study is limited by the overrepresentation of India among randomized controlled trials in low- and lower middle-income countries. This study raises serious concerns about the adequacy of protections for highly vulnerable populations recruited to clinical trials in low- and lower middle-income countries.

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