Fixed-Price Approximations to Optimal Efficiency in Bilateral Trade

The status and prospects of development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and China are considered. It is proved that bilateral cooperation in the trade and economic sphere has made significant progress. In 2012–2017, China was the second largest trading partner of Ukraine after Russia. However, the problem of imbalance in imports and exports between Ukraine and China has not yet been resolved. In addition, the scale and number of projects in which Ukraine attracts Chinese investment is much less than investments from European countries and the United States. It is justified that trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and China is at a new historical stage. On the one hand, Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the European Union, and on January 1, 2016, the rules of the free trade zone between Ukraine and the EU entered into force. This helps to accelerate the integration of Ukrainian economy into European one. On the other hand, the global economic downturn requires the introduction of innovations in the model of cooperation. The Chinese initiative “One belt is one way” is one of the variants of the innovation model of cooperation. Its significance is to unite the Asia-Pacific region with the EU in order to join the Eurasian Economic Union, create a new space and opportunities for development and achieve prosperity with the Eurasian countries. All this forms unprecedented opportunities for development of bilateral economic and trade relations. It seems that to fully open the potential of Ukrainian economy and expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation, it is necessary to take into account such proposals as the establishment of the Sino-Ukrainian industrial park, the promotion of cooperation in the field of electronic commerce, the formation of the Sino-Ukrainian free trade zone and enhanced interaction within multilateral mechanisms (for example, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the interaction of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 16 + 1 format).

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The development of trade relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Soviet Union (1960-1963)

OOO Zhurnal Voprosy Istorii ◽

10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽

pp. 258-263

Author(s):

Argyrios Tasoulas

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

Berlin Wall ◽

International Crises ◽

Trade Relations ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Republic ◽

Republic Of Cyprus

This article studies the development of Soviet-Cypriot trade relations in 1960-63, based on research at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF). Concurrently, a historical analysis follows the events after the creation of the new Cypriot state and the two major Cold War crises (the building of the Berlin wall and the Cuban missile crisis). The efforts made by both governments to develop bilateral trade, the aftermath of the two major international crises and the results of the two governments’ policies have been identified and analyzed.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU’S INVESTMENT POLICY AFTER CETA: EFFECTS ON THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY

4th EMAN Conference Proceedings (part of EMAN conference collection) ◽

10.31410/eman.2020.55 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nikolay Marin ◽

◽

Mariya Paskaleva ◽

Keyword(s):

Bilateral Trade ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Investment Policy ◽

National Parliaments ◽

Total Employment ◽

Investment Protection ◽

New Generation

In this paper we analyze the changes of the EU’s investment policy provoked by the mixed trade agreements. The EU’s investment policy has turned towards attaining bilateral trade agreements. One of these “new-generation” agreements is the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It is in a process of being ratified by the national parliaments of the EU members. This study is focused on the general characteristics of CETA and the eventual problems posed by its regulatory and wide-ranging nature. We prove that the significance of this agreement pertains not only to the economic influence, that it will have on the European and Canadian economies, but CETA is also the first trade agreement to have been negotiated with a focus on investment protection and a change in the EU’s investment policy. The current study reveals the influence arising from the conclusion of CETA on the Bulgarian economy with an emphasis on electronic industry, machinery industry and manufacturing. We estimate both – the direct and indirect effects on Bulgaria’s exports, imports, value added and employment. In order to estimate the influence, we apply the multi-regional input-output model. It is proved that CETA will have a low but positive impact on the Bulgarian economy. After constructing different scenarios of development, we prove that the influence of CETA on the Bulgarian economy will amount to 0.010% GDP. The average total employment will be increased by more than 172 jobs in Bulgaria, which in turn, relative to the labor market, represents less than 0.01% of the total employment.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Unraveling protein interaction networks with near-optimal efficiency.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1003185.201077 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Sachdev Sidhu

Keyword(s):

Protein Interaction ◽

Protein Interaction Networks ◽

Interaction Networks ◽

Optimal Efficiency

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The Consequences of Excessive Chemicalization on Fruits Quality

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.6.6315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1303-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manuel Alexandru Gitea ◽

Simona Bungau ◽

Daniela Gitea ◽

Lavinia Purza ◽

Sebastian Nemeth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Pesticide Treatment ◽

Intensive Intervention ◽

Optimal Efficiency ◽

The Impact ◽

Intensive System

Chemistry in agriculture has been considered for several decades a formula synonymous with progress and development, as chemical engineering, mechanization, irrigation, modern agro-technical processes have contributed to a substantial increase in production. At present, the use of pesticides to increase agricultural productivity is considered to be a global hazard to the environment. This study examines changes in tree tolerance for major diseases and pests, disease and pest behavior, and the changes that occur in the recommended pesticide treatment. The researches were carried out on different species of fruit trees (apple, plum, and almond), cultivated in an intensive system, in five orchards located in Bihor county. The behavior of each species, as well as the behavior of different varieties with respect to tolerance to major diseases and pests, have been observed over the last 5 years (2013-2017). In addition, pesticide residues were monitored from all crops of apple, plum and almond. During 2015-2017, from March to May, the diseases were more virulent, requiring intensive intervention with systemic and contact fungicide combinations to achieve optimal efficiency; this fact has been correlated with the increase in the number of samples containing pesticide residues. This perspective allows an ecological remodeling of current progress in orchard development, including all aspects of environmental protection and the impact on population2 s health.

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