The Intersection of COVID-19 Health and Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities at the Household Level: An Analysis from the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Mikolai ◽  
Katherine Keenan ◽  
Hill Kulu
Keyword(s):  
Household Level ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Gambling and credit: an individual and household level analysis for the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (35) ◽  
pp. 4639-4650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Brown ◽  
Andrew Dickerson ◽  
Jolian McHardy ◽  
Karl Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Household Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Level Analysis

scholarly journals Household Earnings and Income Volatility in the UK, 2009–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Avram ◽  
Mike Brewer ◽  
Paul Fisher ◽  
Laura Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Tax Credits ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Uk

AbstractWe study the volatility of sources of individual and household level income in the UK in the years 2009-2017, following the Great Recession and government austerity. We find that the volatility of (pre-tax) earnings and disposable income has fallen for the working-age in this period, largely due to fewer negative and large earnings shocks. For older individuals, we also find a fall in the volatility of private income, mainly due to fewer positive and large income shocks. Taxes and transfers help stabilise incomes, with social security cash benefits and income-dependent refundable tax credits reducing household private income volatility by around a quarter for the working age, and 40 percent for those aged 60 or over. However, over the sample period, taxes and benefits became less well correlated with earnings, reducing their ability to counteract swings in labour income. The findings illustrate the consequences of fiscal retrenchment and the cut-backs to welfare benefits on the stability of incomes.

scholarly journals Household level health and socio-economic vulnerabilities and the COVID-19 crisis: An analysis from the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mikolai ◽  
Katherine Keenan ◽  
Hill Kulu
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Objectives. To investigate how COVID-19-related health and socio-economic vulnerabilities occur at the household level, and how they are distributed across household types and geographical areas in the United Kingdom. Design. Cross-sectional, nationally representative study. Setting. The United Kingdom. Participants. ~19,500 households. Main outcome measures. Using multiple household-level indicators and principal components analysis, we derive summary measures representing different dimensions of household vulnerabilities critical during the COVID-19 epidemic: health, employment, housing, financial and digital. Results. Our analysis highlights three key findings. First, although COVID-19 health risks are concentrated in retirement-age households, a substantial proportion of working age households also face these risks. Second, different types of households exhibit different vulnerabilities, with working-age households more likely to face financial, housing and employment precarities, and retirement-age households health and digital vulnerabilities. Third, there are area-level differences in the distribution of vulnerabilities across England and the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. Conclusions. The findings imply that the short- and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis are likely to vary by household type. Policy measures that aim to mitigate the health and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic should consider how vulnerabilities cluster together across different household types, and how these may exacerbate already existing inequalities.

scholarly journals Consumers’ perceptions and behavior toward food waste across countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yan Heng ◽  
Lisa House
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Behavior

Food waste has become a global issue that has received increased attention. Food waste at the household level is a major source of food loss in developed countries. While culture is an important factor shaping people’s behavior, comparison of food waste behaviors across countries and regions are still limited. This study uses primary data covering the US, Canada, the UK, and France to understand and compare consumers’ food waste behaviors. While we found some common drivers for food waste behavior appliable to all countries, such as age, eating away from home, and using expiration dates, we confirmed that consumers behave significantly different across countries. For example, personal factors such as employment status, household size, and environmental concerns are only found significant in certain countries. Similarly, while convenience-driven consumers tend to waste more across countries, only European consumers who are price and advertising conscious tend to increase their food waste frequency. Moreover, many well-known food waste prevention actions, such as making a shopping list, preserving and freezing food, and being willing to consume leftovers, only appear to work in certain countries.

Convergence or difference? Western European household food expenditure

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Erbe Healy
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – This research examines convergence theory in terms of food expenditure patterns within and across a sample of Western European countries, specifically Italy, Ireland, France and the UK. Design/methodology/approach – Household budget survey data from Italy, the UK, France and Ireland (1985-2005) have been analysed comparing average food budgets and change in coefficient of variations for common food groupings and through cluster analysis for all four countries to determine whether or not countries are becoming more or less alike. Findings – Unlike the average food budgets in Ireland, the UK and France, Italian food budgets are still made up of a high percentage of foods to prepare and eat at home, similar to food budgets in the other countries for socio-demographic groups that either have chosen to eat traditionally or cannot afford to eat out (food poverty households). Modern households within France, the UK and Ireland are spending a higher percentage on foods away from home with some households, specifically those with a head of household who is young, employed and single, spending, on average, two-thirds of their household food budget dining away from home. Originality/value – Previous research into convergence theory has generally analysed national summary level data. This research uses household level data, allowing for both an analysis of convergence across countries and within countries, specifically looking at socio-demographic groups that share similar food budgets and food lifestyles.

Beyond the nation-state narrative: an empirical inquiry into the cross-country and cross-income-group carbon consumption patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Güney Işıkara
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The concern for inequality, growth and development is undoubtedly crucial in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, most studies either rely on the nation-state estimates of carbon emissions to propose a uniform nation-wide growth (or degrowth) strategy, or they tailor the method to assess the inequality of one country at a time, making a cross-country cross-income comparison difficult. To fill this analytical gap, we synthesize the existing methods of emission calculations and calculate the level of carbon emissions associated with given income deciles of household consumption in five countries, namely China, Germany, India, the UK and USA. We find that the within-country inequality varies among countries, with the ratio between the top and bottom income deciles ranging from three to nine at the household level. We also find that the carbon emissions of the top income group in urban China is almost comparable to that of their peer group in the US, UK and Germany. Based on these results, we discuss the use of the remaining global carbon budget in the context of development and inequality.

scholarly journals Identifying Household Level Risk Factors for Unintentional House Fire Incidents, Injuries and Fatalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Turner ◽  
Sarah Rodgers ◽  
Ronan Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTObjectivesUnintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths are a serious public health concern in the UK, which disproportionally affect certain groups in the population. Whilst house fires have decreased in recent years; growing financial pressures in the Fire and Rescue Services (FRSs) have resulted in funds dedicated to fire preventative activities becoming increasingly limited. To ensure ever limiting resources are targeted towards those households at greatest risk, it is essential the FRSs’ are accurately informed about the types of household at increased risk. The aim of this project is to undertake a large-scale case-control study, to identify the distinguishing household level risk factors associated with unintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths. ApproachUnintentional house fire incidents reported to the Welsh FRS between the years 2003-2008, were anonymised and incorporated into the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank at the Farr Institute, Swansea University. 6943 case households (households which reported a fire to the FRS) were time-matched to 347,150 control households (case:control ratio 1:50). Individuals registered as living at these properties on the date of the fire were established using the Welsh Demographic Service (WDS) dataset. Household level variables will be created by linking case and control households to other demographic, health, educational and environmental datasets in SAIL. Conditional Logistic Regression will be used to estimate matched odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. ResultsPotential risk factor variables were selected on the basis of a systematic review and theoretically plausible variables. Covariates include: household composition (e.g. age and gender of residents), socioeconomic status, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol consumption, mental health conditions, other health related conditions, mobility and sensory impairments and property related characteristics. Fire related circumstances (e.g. fire ignition source, presence of a smoke alarm) will also be investigated in logistic regression models exploring risk factors for injury and death. Results will be presented at the conference. ConclusionThis is the first large-scale analysis of risk factors for unintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths. The findings from this project will be translated into comprehensible infographics, designed to support the FRSs, other partner organisations and the general public, recognise high risk households in need of preventative interventions.

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