Do Large-Scale Forestry Companies Generate Prosperity in Indigenous Communities? The Socio-Economic Impacts of Tree Plantations in Southern Chile

Gurltia paralysans and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus are neglected metastrongyloid nematode species which infect domestic and wild cats in South American countries and in Chile, but no epidemiological studies on concomitant infections have been conducted in Chile so far. The aim of this study was not only to evaluate the occurrence of concomitant infections, but also to identify epidemiological risk factors associated with of G. paralysans and A. abstrusus infections in urban domestic cats (Felis catus) from Southern Chile. Blood samples from clinically healthy domestic cats from three cities of Southern Chile—Temuco, Valdivia, and Puerto Montt—were analyzed by an experimental semi-nested PCR protocol. A total of 171 apparently healthy domestic cats in Temuco (n = 68), Valdivia (n = 50), and Puerto Montt (n = 53) were sampled and analyzed. A total of 93 domestic cats (54.4%) were positive for G. paralysans, and 34 (19.9%) were positive for A. abstrusus infections. From those animals, 34 (19.9%) were co-infected. Cats positive with G. paralysans were found in all three cities; 47.2% in Puerto Montt, 48% in Valdivia, and 64.7% in Temuco. Levels of infection for A. abstrusus in the population under study were 4% (Valdivia), 10% (Puerto Montt), and 32.4% (Temuco). The present large-scale epidemiological study confirmed the presence of these neglected nematodes in domestic cat populations in Southern Chile, and described the possible risk factors associated with feline gurltiosis and aelurostrongylosis.

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Socio-economic impacts derived from large scale restoration in three Great Green Wall countries

Journal of Rural Studies ◽

10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.09.021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 160-168

Author(s):

Moctar Sacande ◽

Marc Parfondry ◽

Clara Cicatiello ◽

Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽

Assoumane Garba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Green Wall

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The Earth Is (Still) Our Mother

Transforming Ethnomusicology Volume II ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197517550.003.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115-125

Author(s):

Chad S. Hamill

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Large Scale ◽

World Wide ◽

Climate Science ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Small Islands ◽

Adaptive Power ◽

Circumpolar Arctic ◽

European Colonialism

As many large-scale protests by Indigenous people have articulated, lands inhabited by Indigenous communities (such as desert margins, small islands, lakes and rivers, high-altitude zones, and the circumpolar Arctic) are particularly vulnerable to the dramatic shifts in climate currently underway. The delicate ecosystems upon which Indigenous communities rely are in flux, and the accelerating rate of climate change—outpacing the direst scientific projections—amounts to a crisis that is every bit as threatening as the legacy of European colonialism. Fortunately, for millennia Indigenous communities have cultivated an intimate awareness of their ecology and have remained, throughout the era of world-wide industrial devastation, adept at adapting to environmental change. This awareness and adaptive power has been discussed within the framework of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Using traditional stories and songs in Indigenous communities as a touchstone, this chapter will explore three interrelated aspects of TEK: (1) its role in assisting Indigenous communities in adapting to the effects of climate change; (2) its potential to inform and influence Western-generated climate science; and (3) its promise as a unifying thread tying Indigenous communities together, strengthening global self-determination.

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Assessing Economic Impacts of Large-Scale Transport Infrastructure Projects

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198106196000118 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1960 (1) ◽

pp. 142-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wolfgang Schade

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Infrastructure Projects

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An Outcrop Example of Large-scale Conglomeratic Intrusions Sourced from Deep-water Channel Deposits, Cerro Toro Formation, Magallanes Basin, Southern Chile

Sand Injectites ◽

10.1306/1209863m873265 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 199-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Large Scale ◽

Water Channel ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Magallanes Basin ◽

Channel Deposits

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The impact of national standardized literacy and numeracy testing on children and teaching staff in remote Australian Indigenous communities

Language Testing ◽

10.1177/0265532218775758 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 265-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Susy Macqueen ◽

Ute Knoch ◽

Gillian Wigglesworth ◽

Rachel Nordlinger ◽

Ruth Singer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standardized Testing ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Large Scale ◽

Population Level ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Teaching Staff ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Skills Testing ◽

Australian English ◽

The Impact

All educational testing is intended to have consequences, which are assumed to be beneficial, but tests may also have unintended, negative consequences (Messick, 1989). The issue is particularly important in the case of large-scale standardized tests, such as Australia’s National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), the intended benefits of which are increased accountability and improved educational outcomes. The NAPLAN purpose is comparable to that of other state and national ‘core skills’ testing programs, which evaluate cross-sections of populations in order to compare results between population sub-groupings. Such comparisons underpin ‘accountability’ in the era of population-level testing. This study investigates the impact of NAPLAN testing on one population grouping that is prominent in the NAPLAN results’ comparisons and public reporting: children in remote Indigenous communities. A series of interviews with principals and teachers documents informants’ first-hand experiences of the use and effects of NAPLAN in schools. In the views of most participants, the language and content of the test instruments, the nature of the test engagement, and the test washback have negative impacts on students and staff, with little benefit in terms of the usefulness of the test data. The primary issue is the fact that meaningful participation in the tests depends critically on proficiency in Standard Australian English (SAE) as a first language. This study contributes to the broader discussion of how reform-targeted standardized testing for national populations affects sub-groups who are not treated equitably by the test instrument or reporting for accountability purposes. It highlights a conflict between consequential validity and the notion of accountability that drives reform-targeted testing.

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The Spanish Caribbean, 1492–1550

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.630 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ida Altman

Keyword(s):

Native Americans ◽

Large Scale ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

16Th Century ◽

Christopher Columbus ◽

Spanish Caribbean ◽

African Slaves ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Diverse Groups

The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the northern Caribbean with three Spanish ships in October 1492 marked the beginning of continuing European contact with the Americas. With his second voyage of 1493 permanent European occupation of the Caribbean began, with enormous consequences for the peoples and ecology of the region. Failing to encounter the wealthy trading societies that Columbus had hoped to find by reaching Asia, Europeans in the Caribbean soon realized that they would have to involve themselves directly in organizing profitable enterprises. Gold mining in the northern islands and pearl fishing in the islands off the coast of Tierra Firme (present-day Venezuela) for some years proved enormously profitable but depended on Spaniards’ ability to exploit indigenous labor on a large scale. The imposition of the Spanish encomienda system, which required indigenous communities to provide labor for mining and commercial agriculture, and the large-scale capture and transportation of Native Americans from one locale to another wrought havoc among the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean, resulting in high mortality and flight. Spaniards in the islands soon sought to supplement indigenous labor by importing African slaves who, in the early 16th century, became a significant if not always easily controlled presence in the region. From the earliest years the Spanish Caribbean was a complex, dynamic, and volatile region characterized by extensive interaction and conflict among diverse groups of people and by rapid economic and institutional development. Although the islands became the launching grounds for subsequent Spanish moves to the nearby mainland, throughout the 16th century and beyond they played a crucial role in sustaining Spain’s overseas empire and integrating it into the larger Atlantic system.

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