Analysis of Tumour-Infiltrating T-Cell Transcriptomes Reveals a Unique Genetic Signature Across Different Types of Cancer

AbstractAnswers to questions about frequency and repertoire of immune cells, relative contributions made by different types of immune cells toward the total Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–directed response and the variation of such responses in healthy persons have been elusive because of disparities in assays, antigen presenting cells, and antigenic sources used in previous experiments. In this study, we addressed these questions using an assay that allowed direct comparison of responses generated by different types of cells of the immune system. This short-term (20-hour) ex vivo assay measured interferon-γ production by blood cells in response to autologous EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Our experiments defined the variation in responses among persons and clearly distinguished 10 healthy EBV-immune from 10 healthy EBV-naive persons. In EBV-immune persons, 33% of responding cells were CD4+, 43.3% were CD8+, and 12.9% were γ-δ T cells. LCL-reactive CD8+ T cells were only 1.7-fold more frequent than similarly reactive CD4+T cells. Responses by γ-δ T cells were 6-fold higher in seropositive than in seronegative persons. Our findings emphasize the importance of CD4+ and γ-δ T-cell responses and have implications for immunotherapy and for identifying defects in T-cell populations that might predispose to development of EBV-associated lymphomas.

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Antigen-Presenting Cells in Food Tolerance and Allergy

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.616020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Elise G. Liu ◽

Xiangyun Yin ◽

Anush Swaminathan ◽

Stephanie C. Eisenbarth

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

T Cell ◽

Oral Tolerance ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Antigen Presenting Cells ◽

Western World ◽

Dominant Form ◽

Food Antigens ◽

Different Types ◽

Antigen Presenting

Food allergy now affects 6%–8% of children in the Western world; despite this, we understand little about why certain people become sensitized to food allergens. The dominant form of food allergy is mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. A central step in this immune response to food antigens that differentiates tolerance from allergy is the initial priming of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily different types of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs, along with monocyte and macrophage populations, dictate oral tolerance versus allergy by shaping the T cell and subsequent B cell antibody response. A growing body of literature has shed light on the conditions under which antigen presentation occurs and how different types of T cell responses are induced by different APCs. We will review APC subsets in the gut and discuss mechanisms of APC-induced oral tolerance versus allergy to food identified using mouse models and patient samples.

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The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-11-881268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 (16) ◽

pp. 1703-1714 ◽

Cited By ~ 184

Author(s):

Rein Willemze ◽

Lorenzo Cerroni ◽

Werner Kempf ◽

Emilio Berti ◽

Fabio Facchetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

T Cell Lymphoma ◽

World Health ◽

European Organization ◽

Lymphomatoid Papulosis ◽

Blue Book ◽

Cutaneous Lymphomas ◽

Different Types

Abstract Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of T- and B-cell lymphomas that present in the skin with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. The 2005 World Health Organization–European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) consensus classification has served as a golden standard for the diagnosis and classification of these conditions. In September 2018, an updated version of the WHO-EORTC was published in the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Skin Tumours Blue Book. In this classification, primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T-cell lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus positive (EBV+) mucocutaneous ulcer are included as new provisional entities, and a new section on cutaneous forms of chronic active EBV disease has been added. The term “primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma” was modified to “primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder” because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. Modifications have also been made in the sections on lymphomatoid papulosis, increasing the spectrum of histologic and genetic types, and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas recognizing 2 different subtypes. Herein, the characteristic features of these new and modified entities as well as the results of recent molecular studies with diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic significance for the different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas are reviewed. An update of the frequency and survival of the different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas is provided.

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Newborn Screening through TREC, TREC/KREC system for Primary Immunodeficiency with limitation of TREC/KREC. Comprehensive review

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523019999200730171600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Khyber Shinwari ◽

Mikhail Bolkov ◽

Irina A. Tuzankina ◽

Valery Alexandrovich CHERESHNEV

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Newborn Screening ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Case Series ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

The United States ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Different Types ◽

Excision Circles

Introduction: Newborn screening (NBS) by quantifying T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and Kappa re-ceptor excision circles in neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) enables early diagnosis of different types of primary immune deficiencies. Global newborn screening for PID, using an assay to detect T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) in dried blood spots (DBS), is now being performed in all states in the United States. In this review, we discuss the development and outcomes of TREC, TREC/KREC combines screening, and continued challenges to implementation. Objective: To review the diagnostic performance of published articles for TREC and TREC/ KREC based NBS for PID and its different types. Methods: Different research resources were used to get an approach for the published data of TREС and KREC based NBS for PID like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research gate EMBASE. We extracted TREC and KREC screening Publisher with years of publication, content and cut-off values, and a number of retests, repeat DBS, and referrals from the different published pilot, pilot cohort, Case series, and cohort studies. Results: We included the results of TREC, combine TREC/KREC system based NBS screening from different research articles,and divided these results between the Pilot studies, case series, and cohort. For each of these studies, different parameter data are excluded from different articles. Thirteen studies were included, re-confirming 89 known SCID cases in case series and reporting 53 new SCID cases in 3.15 million newborns. Individual TREC contents in all SCID patients were <25 TRECs/μl (except in those evaluated with the New York State assay). Conclusion: TREC and KREC sensitivity for typical SCID and other types of PID was100 %. It shows its importance and anticipating the significance of implementation in different undeveloped and developed countries in the NBS program in upcoming years. Data adapting the screening algorithm for pre-term/ill infants reduce the amount of false-positive test re-sults.

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Dendritic cells reconstituted with human telomerase gene induce potent cytotoxic T-cell response against different types of tumors

Cancer Gene Therapy ◽

10.1038/sj.cgt.7700563 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 239-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Maria Frolkis ◽

Melissa B Fischer ◽

Zhuo Wang ◽

Jane S Lebkowski ◽

Choy-Pik Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Response ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell ◽

Different Types ◽

Human Telomerase

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Distinct Immunoglobulin Class and Immunoglobulin G Subclass Patterns against Ganglioside GQ1b in Miller Fisher Syndrome following Different Types of Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.5.2414-2420.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 2414-2420 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Beatrix Schwerer ◽

Andrea Neisser ◽

Hanno Bernheimer

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Miller Fisher Syndrome ◽

Cranial Nerve Involvement ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Fisher Syndrome ◽

Different Types ◽

Immunoglobulin G Subclass

ABSTRACT We studied serum antibodies against gangliosides GQ1b and GM1 in 13 patients with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and in 18 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with cranial nerve involvement. Anti-GQ1b titers were elevated in all patients with MFS cases (immunoglobulin G [IgG] > IgA, IgM), and in 8 of the 18 with GBS. Lower frequencies of increased anti-GM1 titers were observed in MFS patients (3 of 13), as well as in GBS patients (5 of 18). During the course of MFS, anti-GQ1b titers of all Ig classes decreased within 3 weeks after onset. By contrast, anti-GM1 titers (mainly IgM) transiently increased during the course of MFS in five of six patients, suggesting a nonspecific secondary immune response. In patients with MFS following respiratory infections, IgG was the major anti-GQ1b Ig class (six of six patients) and IgG3 was the major subclass (five of six). In contrast, four of five patients with MFS following gastrointestinal infections showed predominance of anti-GQ1b IgA or IgM over IgG and predominance of the IgG2 subclass; anti-GQ1b IgG (IgG3) prevailed in one patient only. These distinct Ig patterns strongly suggest that different infections may trigger different mechanisms of anti-GQ1b production, such as via T-cell-dependent as opposed to T-cell-independent pathways. Thus, the origin of antibodies against GQ1b in MFS may be determined by the type of infectious agent that precipitates the disease.

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Downregulation of T cell responses by antibodies to the T cell receptor.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.165.2.584 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 165 (2) ◽

pp. 584-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S Webb ◽

J Sprent

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Gamma Globulin ◽

Cell Clone ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Marked Inhibition ◽

T Cell Clone ◽

Different Types

We have derived a T cell clone that recognizes and responds to three different types of antigen: self + X (fowl gamma globulin + H-2d), allo-H-2p,b, and minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mlsa,d) determinants. Anti-TcR mAb and their F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were tested for their capacity to block the response of this clone. When responses were assayed on day 4 or later, addition of KJ16 or F23.1 mAb caused a marked inhibition of the response to each of the three antigens recognized by the clone. Responses measured at earlier time points however were unaffected or enhanced. This finding suggested that the inhibitory effects of anti-TcR mAb that followed the phase of enhancement might have reflected downregulation of the cells rather than simple blockade of TcR. In support of this possibility it was found that addition of anti-TcR mAb caused marked inhibition of the response of the clone to IL-2, i.e., a response that is not known to involve the TcR.

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