Inferring the Labor Wedge with Home Production: The Role of Skills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudong Hua
Keyword(s):  
Home Production ◽  
Labor Wedge

scholarly journals Resurrecting the Role of the Product Market Wedge in Recessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 1118-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bils ◽  
Peter J. Klenow ◽  
Benjamin A. Malin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Matching Frictions ◽  
Labor Wedge ◽  
Sticky Wages

Employment and hours are more cyclical than dictated by productivity and consumption. This intratemporal labor wedge can arise from product or labor market distortions. Based on employee wages, the literature has attributed the intratemporal wedge almost entirely to labor market distortions. Because wages may be smoothed versions of labor's true cyclical price, we instead examine the self-employed and intermediate inputs, respectively. For recent decades in the United States, we find price markup movements are at least as cyclical as wage markup movements. Thus, countercyclical price markups deserve a central place in business-cycle research, alongside sticky wages and matching frictions. (JEL E24, E32, E63, J31, J41)

scholarly journals The role of foreign trade and its effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jeníček
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Home Market ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Individual

Foreign trade is the reflection of economic relationships among the individual economies and represents the part of the country foreign relationships, which include trade exchange of a part of the production. In the simplifies balance understanding, it is usually presupposed that the object of this exchange is such a part of the production, which exceeds the home consumers demand and thus is the object of export, or, vice versa, that part of the home demand which is not satisfied by the home production and thus has to be covered by import. In reality, the whole process is, however, substantially more complicated, as the whole series of reasons (price, trade, political etc.) lead often to exporting even those products which might have been realised in the home market, regarding the purchasable demand, and on the other hand, import includes in most commodity groups also the products competing with the home production and thus securing a wider assortment of supply.

The Rise of the Service Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2540-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Buera ◽  
Joseph P Kaboski
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Demand Shifts

This paper analyzes the role of specialized high-skilled labor in the disproportionate growth of the service sector. Empirically, the importance of skill-intensive services has risen during a period of increasing relative wages and quantities of high-skilled labor. We develop a theory in which demand shifts toward more skill-intensive output as productivity rises, increasing the importance of market services relative to home production. Consistent with the data, the theory predicts a rising level of skill, skill premium, and relative price of services that is linked to this skill premium. (JEL J24, L80, L90)

scholarly journals Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rachel Ngai ◽  
Barbara Petrongolo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Relative Wages

This paper investigates the role of the rise in services in the narrowing of gender gaps in hours and wages in recent decades. We highlight the between-industry component of differential gender trends for the United States and propose a model economy with goods, services, and home production, in which women have a comparative advantage in producing services. The rise of services, driven by structural transformation and marketization of home production, raises women's relative wages and market hours. Quantitatively, the model accounts for an important share of the observed trends in women's hours and relative wages. (JEL J16, J21, J22, J24, J31, L80)

scholarly journals Consumer Expenditures and Home Production at Retirement – New Evidence from Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Lührmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper investigates consumer expenditures of German households pre- and post-retirement. The widely observed distinct drop in spending upon retirement entry poses an empirical puzzle since life cycle theory predicts smoothing of the marginal utility of consumption over time. As one explanation, I explore the role of home production as a substitute for consumer expenses. Taking a combined look at consumer expenditures and time use pre- and post-retirement, I find a significant drop of about 17% of pre-retirement expenses at retirement which coincides with an increase in time spent on home production of an additional 89 minutes per day, accounting for 21% of average home production.

scholarly journals Forces Shaping Hours Worked in the OECD, 1960–2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Key Features

The goal of this paper is to examine the role of taxes and productivity growth as forces influencing market hours. To achieve this goal, the paper considers a calibrated growth model extended to include home production and subsistence consumption, both of which are found to be key features influencing market hours. The model is simulated for 15 OECD countries. The primary force driving changes in market hours is found to be changing labor income tax rates. Productivity catch-up relative to the United States is found to be an important secondary force. (JEL E24, H24, H31, J22, J24)

scholarly journals “Qoryah Thoyyibah” Sebagai Model Filantropi Islam di Kampung Maguwo Banguntapan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naili Isnawati Sayida
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Depth Interviews

The movement of fund collection for well-being influences to community development. But public awareness to successfully of these activities is still a weakness because the distribution is more independently. The objective of this article is exploring the role of program Qoryah Thayyibah on the Al-Muthi’in Foundation with philanthropy movement and community empowerment strategy in Kampung Maguwo Banguntapan Bantul. The descriptive-qualitative method used to looking reality until we find different between desire and fact on Qoryah Thayyibah program. Furthermore, collecting data used participant observation and in-depth interviews. The finding of this article looks at collecting to fund philanthropy regularly direct and indirect fundraiser. The direct is carried through a “door to door” program to find donors. Meanwhile, indirect through the program is a new enterprise established, i.e. founding of home production through collection commodity for sale. Their model is a charity to actualizing social justice. Therefore, philanthropy funds used to education, health, economic development, and da’wah (religious) activities. On the other hand, the philanthropy funds program is influencing to improve the ability of personality, enterprise, and institution capacity.Gerakan pengumpulan dana untuk kesejahteraan (filantropi) berdampak signifikan terhadap pengembangan masyarakat. Namun kesadaran masyarakat untuk mensukseskan gerakan tersebut masih lemah, sehingga distribusi pengelolaan lebih banyak secara mandiri. Untuk membuktikannya, artikel ini berusaha mengungkap peran program Qoryah Thayyibah Yayasan Al-Muthi’in dalam pola gerakan filantropi dan strategi pemberdayaan di Kampung Maguwo Banguntapan Bantul. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dipilih untuk menggambarkan realita secara mendalam sehingga terlihat perbedaan antara keinginan dan kenyataan dalam pelaksanaan program Qoryah Thayyibah. Selain itu, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah participant observation dan in-depth interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat strategi yang dimiliki yayasan dalam penggalangan dana filantropi, yakni pengumpulan dana secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Secara langsung dilakukan melalui mekanisme “door to door” mencari donatur tetap. Sementara tidak langsung melalui program Qoryah Thayyibah dengan membangun usaha baru, yaitu mendirikan rumah produksi melalui pengumpulan barang yang layak jual dari masyarakat. Kedua strategi ini dapat dikatakan sebagai model karitas untuk mewujudkan keadilan sosial. Hasil pendayaangunaan dana filantropi tersebut digunakan untuk kegiatan pendidikan, kesehatan, pengembangan ekonomi, dan dakwah (keagamaan). Sisi lain, program pendayagunaan dana filantropi ini berdampak pada peningkatan kapasitas kepribadian, usaha dan kelembagaan.

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