Are Poorer Mexicans Exposed to Worse Air Quality? Long-Term Evidence from Satellite Imaging Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Chakraborti ◽  
John L. Voorheis
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Satellite Imaging

Budapest airport air quality long-term studies by remote sensing with DOAS and FTIR with focus upon runway emissions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schäfer ◽  
Gregor Schürmann ◽  
Carsten Jahn ◽  
Candy Matuse ◽  
Herbert Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Long Term Studies

scholarly journals Advances in Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5817
Author(s):  
Thomas Maggos
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring

Air quality monitoring is a long-term assessment of pollutant levels that helps to assess the extent of pollution and provide information about air quality trends [...]

scholarly journals The Diamond League athletic series: does the air quality sparkle?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hodgson ◽  
Lee Chapman ◽  
Francis D. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Performance Variation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Race Performance

AbstractUrban air pollution can have negative short- and long-term impacts on health, including cardiovascular, neurological, immune system and developmental damage. The irritant qualities of pollutants such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular distress, which can be heightened during physical activity and particularly so for those with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Previously, research has only examined marathon run outcomes or running under laboratory settings. This study focuses on elite 5-km athletes performing in international events at nine locations. Local meteorological and air quality data are used in conjunction with race performance metrics from the Diamond League Athletics series to determine the extent to which elite competitors are influenced during maximal sustained efforts in real-world conditions. The findings from this study suggest that local meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) and air quality (ozone and particulate matter) have an impact on athletic performance. Variation between finishing times at different race locations can also be explained by the local meteorology and air quality conditions seen during races.

scholarly journals Long-Term Follow-Up of Denosumab Discontinuers with Multiple Vertebral Fractures in the Real-World: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Tripto-Shkolnik ◽  
Yair Liel ◽  
Naama Yekutiel ◽  
Inbal Goldshtein
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Multiple Vertebral Fractures

AbstractDenosumab discontinuation is associated with rapid reversal of bone turnover suppression and with a considerable increase in fracture risk, including a risk for multiple vertebral fractures (MVF). Long-term follow-up of patients who sustained MVF after denosumab discontinuation has not been reported. This case-series was aimed to provide a long-term follow-up on the management and outcome of denosumab discontinuers who initially presented with multiple vertebral fractures. Denosumab discontinuers were identified from a computerized database of a large healthcare provider. Baseline and follow-up clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were obtained from the computerized database and electronic medical records. The post-denosumab discontinuers MVF patients consisted of 12 women aged 71±12. Osteoporotic fractures were prevalent before denosumab discontinuation in 6 of the patients. The majority received bisphosphonates before denosumab. MVF occurred 134±76 days after denosumab discontinuation. The patients were followed for a median of 36.5 (IQR 28.2, 42.5) months after MVF. Two patients passed-away. Two patients suffered recurrent vertebral fractures. Following MVF, patients were treated inconsistently with denosumab, teriparatide, oral, and intravenous bisphosphonates, in various sequences. Two patients underwent vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty. This long-term follow-up of real-world patients with MVF following denosumab discontinuation reveals that management is inconsistent, and recurrent fractures are not uncommon. It calls for clear management guidelines for patients with MVF after denosumab discontinuation and for special attention to this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Air Quality during New Year’s Eve: A Biomonitoring Study with Moss

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Paweł Świsłowski ◽  
Zbigniew Ziembik ◽  
Małgorzata Rajfur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Active Biomonitoring ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
New Year’S Eve ◽  
Short And Long Term

Mosses are one of the best bioindicators in the assessment of atmospheric aerosol pollution by heavy metals. Studies using mosses allow both short- and long-term air quality monitoring. The increasing contamination of the environment (including air) is causing a search for new, cheap and effective methods of monitoring its condition. Once such method is the use of mosses in active biomonitoring. The aim of the study was to assess the atmospheric aerosol pollution with selected heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) from the smoke of fireworks used during New Year’s Eve in the years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. In studies a biomonitoring moss-bag method with moss Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. genus Pleurozium was used. The research was conducted in the town Prószków (5 km in south direction from Opole, opolskie voivodship, Poland). The moss was exposed 14 days before 31 December (from 17 to 30 of December), on New Year’s Eve (31 December and 1 January) and 2 weeks after the New Year (from 2–15 January). Higher concentrations of analysed elements were determined in samples exposed during New Year’s Eve. Increases in concentrations were demonstrated by analysis of the Relative Accumulation Factor (RAF). The results indicate that the use of fireworks during New Year’s Eve causes an increase in air pollution with heavy metals. In addition, it was shown that the COVID-19 induced restrictions during New Year’s Eve 2020 resulted in a reduction of heavy metal content in moss samples and thus in lower atmospheric aerosol pollution with these analytes. The study confirmed moss usefulness in monitoring of atmospheric aerosol pollution from point sources.

Air Quality Screening Model with Long-Term Averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Dan Golomb ◽  
Stuart Batterman ◽  
James Gruhl
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Screening Model

scholarly journals Regional Features of Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Air Quality over Asia under SSP Scenarios Based on CMIP6 Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6817
Author(s):  
Sungbo Shim ◽  
Hyunmin Sung ◽  
Sanghoon Kwon ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Jaehee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Quality Controls ◽  
Quality Guidelines

This study investigates changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and air-quality index (AQI) in Asia using nine different Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensembles from historical and future scenarios under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The results indicated that the estimated present-day PM2.5 concentrations were comparable to satellite-derived data. Overall, the PM2.5 concentrations of the analyzed regions exceeded the WHO air-quality guidelines, particularly in East Asia and South Asia. In future SSP scenarios that consider the implementation of significant air-quality controls (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5) and medium air-quality controls (SSP2-4.5), the annual PM2.5 levels were predicted to substantially reduce (by 46% to around 66% of the present-day levels) in East Asia, resulting in a significant improvement in the AQI values in the mid-future. Conversely, weak air pollution controls considered in the SSP3-7.0 scenario resulted in poor AQI values in China and India. Moreover, a predicted increase in the percentage of aged populations (>65 years) in these regions, coupled with high AQI values, may increase the risk of premature deaths in the future. This study also examined the regional impact of PM2.5 mitigations on downward shortwave energy and surface air temperature. Our results revealed that, although significant air pollution controls can reduce long-term exposure to PM2.5, it may also contribute to the warming of near- and mid-future climates.

Capturing Spatial and Temporal Patterns of NO2 in Cities using mobile and stationary DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wenig ◽  
Sheng Ye ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Hanlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Weekly Cycles

<p>The problem of elevated NO<sub>2</sub> levels in cities has gained some attention in the public in recent years and has given rise to questions about the plausibility of banning diesel engines in cities, the meaning of exceedances of air quality limits and the effects of corona lock-downs on air quality to name a few. Urban air quality is typically monitored using a relatively small number of monitoring stations. Those in-situ measurements follow certain guidelines in terms of inlet height and location relative to streets, but the question remains how a limited number of point measurements can capture the spatial variability in cities. In this talk we present two measurement campaigns in Hong Kong and Munich where we utilized a combination of mobile in-situ and stationary remote sensing differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments. We developed an algorithm to separate spatial and temporal patterns in order to generate pollution maps that represent average NO<sub>2</sub> exposure. </p> <p>We use those maps to identify pollution hot spots and capture the weekly cycles of on-road NO2 levels and spatial dependency of long-term changes and we analyze how on-road measurements compare to monitoring station data and how the measurement height and distance to traffic emissions have to be considered when interpreting observed concentration patterns.</p>

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