Nineteenth Century Body Mass, Height, and Weight: Inequality Across Quantiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Inequality

Standards of the Present for People of the Past: Height, Weight, and Mortality among Men of Amherst College, 1834–1949

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Shaped Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Amherst College

Whether anthropometric-mortality risk relationships as found in present day populations also characterized past populations is disputed. This article finds U-shaped body mass index (BMI)-mortality risk relationships among nineteenth-century men that were similar to such relationships as found in twentieth-century men. No relationship between height and mortality could be detected. This article infers from the socioeconomic homogeneity of the sample that the BMI-mortality risk relationship, although apparently invariant with respect to time, is driven by noneconomic factors.

BLACK AND WHITE BODY MASS INDEX VALUES IN NINETEENTH CENTURY DEVELOPING PHILADELPHIA COUNTY

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT ALAN CARSON ◽  
PAUL E. HODGES
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Us

SummaryThis paper demonstrates that although modern BMIs in the US have increased, 19th century BMIs in Philadelphia were lower than elsewhere within Pennsylvania, indicating that urbanization and agricultural commercialization were associated with lower BMIs. After controlling for stature, blacks consistently had greater BMI values than mulattos and whites; therefore, there is no evidence of a 19th century mulatto BMI advantage in the industrializing North. Farmers' BMIs were consistently heavier than those of non-farmers.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN BODY MASS INDICES FOR MALE CONVICTS IN NINETEENTH CENTURY PENNSYLVANIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT ALAN CARSON
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Biological Living Standards

SummaryThis paper demonstrates that although modern BMIs have increased, 19th century Middle-Atlantic black and white BMIs were in the normal range; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common. Farmers’ BMIs were consistently heavier than non-farmers. Philadelphia residents’ BMIs were lower than elsewhere within Pennsylvania, indicating that urbanization and agricultural commercialization were associated with current biological living standards in urbanized areas.

The Body Mass Index of Blacks and Whites in the United States during the Nineteenth Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Blacks And Whites

Body mass index (bmi) values reflect the net balance between nutrition, work effort, and calories consumed to fight disease. Nineteenth-century prison records in the United States demonstrate that the bmi values of blacks and whites were distributed symmetrically; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common among the working class. bmi values declined throughout the nineteenth century. By modern standards, however, nineteenth-century bmis were in healthy weight ranges, though the biological living standards in rural areas exceeded those in urban areas. The increase in bmis during the twentieth century did not have its origin in the nineteenth century.

Standards of the Present for People of the Past: Height, Weight, and Mortality among Men of Amherst College, 1834–1949

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Shaped Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Amherst College

Whether anthropometric-mortality risk relationships as found in present day populations also characterized past populations is disputed. This article finds U-shaped body mass index (BMI)-mortality risk relationships among nineteenth-century men that were similar to such relationships as found in twentieth-century men. No relationship between height and mortality could be detected. This article infers from the socioeconomic homogeneity of the sample that the BMI-mortality risk relationship, although apparently invariant with respect to time, is driven by noneconomic factors.

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