Adaptation to Temperature Extremes in Chinese Agriculture, 1981 to 2010

This chapter covers extremes of temperature conditions, physiological effects, and prevention. All deaths caused by exposure to hot and cold temperature extremes are preventable when proper measures are taken. Described in this chapter are the effects of extreme heat and extreme cold on the health of members of the public, particularly older people and young people, and workers employed in various workplace settings. The differences between heat stress and heat strain are also discussed, as are various regulations governing exposure to temperature extremes. The nature and magnitude of heat- and cold-related conditions and symptoms are described in detail. Final sections of the chapter address various assessment and evaluation tools as well as prevention and control measures. In addition, an appendix describes the hazards related to hyperbaric and hypobaric environments and adverse health effects.

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Substantial changes in the probability of future annual temperature extremes

Atmospheric Science Letters ◽

10.1002/asl.1061 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ross Slater ◽

Nicolas Freychet ◽

Gabriele Hegerl

Keyword(s):

Temperature Extremes

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Comparison of resilience of different plant teams to drought and temperature extremes in Denmark in sole and intercropping systems

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil & Plant Science ◽

10.1080/09064710.2021.1936621 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Robin R. Sears ◽

Ambreen Naz Shah ◽

Lisa Mølgaard Lehmann ◽

Bhim Bahadur Ghaley

Keyword(s):

Temperature Extremes

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Vegetation Change and Its Response to Climate Extremes in the Arid Region of Northwest China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13071230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1230

Author(s):

Simeng Wang ◽

Qihang Liu ◽

Chang Huang

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Vegetation Change ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Time Lag ◽

Climate Extremes ◽

Northwest China ◽

Precipitation Extremes ◽

Temperature Extremes ◽

Increasing Trend

Changes in climate extremes have a profound impact on vegetation growth. In this study, we employed the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and a recently published climate extremes dataset (HadEX3) to study the temporal and spatial evolution of vegetation cover, and its responses to climate extremes in the arid region of northwest China (ARNC). Mann-Kendall test, Anomaly analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, Time lag cross-correlation method, and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression (Lasso) were conducted to quantitatively analyze the response characteristics between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climate extremes from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that: (1) The vegetation in the ARNC had a fluctuating upward trend, with vegetation significantly increasing in Xinjiang Tianshan, Altai Mountain, and Tarim Basin, and decreasing in the central inland desert. (2) Temperature extremes showed an increasing trend, with extremely high-temperature events increasing and extremely low-temperature events decreasing. Precipitation extremes events also exhibited a slightly increasing trend. (3) NDVI was overall positively correlated with the climate extremes indices (CEIs), although both positive and negative correlations spatially coexisted. (4) The responses of NDVI and climate extremes showed time lag effects and spatial differences in the growing period. (5) Precipitation extremes were closely related to NDVI than temperature extremes according to Lasso modeling results. This study provides a reference for understanding vegetation variations and their response to climate extremes in arid regions.

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Patterns of Agricultural Diversification in China and Its Policy Implications for Agricultural Modernization

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4978

Author(s):

Hongyun Han ◽

Hui Lin

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Process ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Agricultural Modernization ◽

Agricultural Diversification ◽

Leading Position ◽

Chinese Agriculture ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Central South ◽

Opening Up

Based on the value of agricultural farm products produced by different subsectors in China, the foregoing analysis reveals the dynamic character of agricultural diversification by which, this study seeks to examine the evolutionary process of Chinese agriculture through a quantitative study of agricultural diversification at both national and provincial levels. In the initial stages of reform and opening up, the degree of agricultural diversification in the southwest was relatively high; then the center of agricultural diversification gradually moved to the southeast of China; finally, the degree of agricultural diversification in the economically developed eastern provinces was obviously higher than those in other regions in 2019. It was seen that some provinces in the eastern and central south regions moved toward increasing diversification in one direction, and other provinces changed direction, first moving toward diversification and later toward concentration or vice versa. These oscillations implied that there was a cyclic tendency of agricultural diversification along with an increase in per capita GDP. Generally speaking, the patterns of diversification differed across regions due to diversified agricultural subsectors resulting from different natural and socio-economic circumstances. In particular, in less developed regions with lower agricultural diversification levels, farming agriculture persistently dominated the leading position with relatively more resistance to modernizing trends in other aspects of agriculture. It is urgent for the Chinese government to figure out ways off reconciling agricultural productivity with environmental quality through the ecological intensification of agriculture.

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