A Causal Role for the Human Subthalamic Nucleus in Non-Selective Cortico-Motor Inhibition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. Wessel ◽  
Darcy A. Diesburg ◽  
Nathan H. Chalkley ◽  
Jeremy D.W. Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Motor Inhibition

scholarly journals Author response: Causal role for the subthalamic nucleus in interrupting behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H Fife ◽  
Navarre A Gutierrez-Reed ◽  
Vivien Zell ◽  
Julie Bailly ◽  
Christina M Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Causal Role

scholarly journals Causal role for the subthalamic nucleus in interrupting behavior

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H Fife ◽  
Navarre A Gutierrez-Reed ◽  
Vivien Zell ◽  
Julie Bailly ◽  
Christina M Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Response Suppression ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stopping or pausing in response to threats, conflicting information, or surprise is fundamental to behavior. Evidence across species has shown that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is activated by scenarios involving stopping or pausing, yet evidence that the STN causally implements stops or pauses is lacking. Here we used optogenetics to activate or inhibit mouse STN to test its putative causal role. We first demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation of the STN excited its major projection targets. Next we showed that brief activation of STN projection neurons was sufficient to interrupt or pause a self-initiated bout of licking. Finally, we developed an assay in which surprise was used to interrupt licking, and showed that STN inhibition reduced the disruptive effect of surprise. Thus STN activation interrupts behavior, and blocking the STN blunts the interruptive effect of surprise. These results provide strong evidence that the STN is both necessary and sufficient for such forms of behavioral response suppression.

Do Writing Directions Influence How People Map Space onto Time?

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Wenxing Yang ◽  
Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Psychological Experiments ◽  
Vertical Up

Abstract. The causal role of a unidirectional orthography in shaping speakers’ mental representations of time seems to be well established by many psychological experiments. However, the question of whether bidirectional writing systems in some languages can also produce such an impact on temporal cognition remains unresolved. To address this issue, the present study focused on Japanese and Taiwanese, both of which have a similar mix of texts written horizontally from left to right (HLR) and vertically from top to bottom (VTB). Two experiments were performed which recruited Japanese and Taiwanese speakers as participants. Experiment 1 used an explicit temporal arrangement design, and Experiment 2 measured implicit space-time associations in participants along the horizontal (left/right) and the vertical (up/down) axis. Converging evidence gathered from the two experiments demonstrate that neither Japanese speakers nor Taiwanese speakers aligned their vertical representations of time with the VTB writing orientation. Along the horizontal axis, only Japanese speakers encoded elapsing time into a left-to-right linear layout, which was commensurate with the HLR writing direction. Therefore, two distinct writing orientations of a language could not bring about two coexisting mental time lines. Possible theoretical implications underlying the findings are discussed.

A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 184-186
Author(s):  
M. Brogan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Causal Role

High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reduces quinpirole induced compulsive checking behavior in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kupsch ◽  
R Jalali ◽  
R Morgenstern ◽  
G Juckel ◽  
C Winter
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Checking Behavior ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on precision grip abnormalities in Parkinson's disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fellows ◽  
M Kronenbürger ◽  
N Allert ◽  
C Fromm ◽  
J Noth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Precision Grip ◽  
Deep Brain
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