Respect for Autonomy and Authenticity

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-341
Author(s):  
Guus TIMMERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Respect For Autonomy

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence, Social Media, and Suicide Prevention: Principle of Beneficence Besides Respect for Autonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Zhenxiang Zhang ◽  
Fangxia Guan ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Respect For Autonomy

scholarly journals Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Meta Rus ◽  
Urh Groselj
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination

Although vaccination is recognised as the top public health achievement of the twentieth century, unequivocal consensus about its beneficence does not exist among the general population. In countries with well-established immunisation programmes, vaccines are “victims of their own success”, because low incidences of diseases now prevented with vaccines diminished the experience of their historical burdens. Increasing number of vaccine-hesitant people in recent years threatens, or even effectively disables, herd immunity levels of the population and results in outbreaks of previously already controlled diseases. We aimed to apply a framework for ethical analysis of vaccination in childhood based on the four principles of biomedical ethics (respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice) to provide a comprehensive and applicable model on how to address the ethical aspects of vaccination at both individual and societal levels. We suggest finding an “ethical equilibrium”, which means that the degree of respect for parents’ autonomy is not constant, but variable; it shall depend on the level of established herd immunity and it is specific for every society. When the moral obligation of individuals to contribute to herd immunity is not fulfilled, mandatory vaccination policies are ethically justified, because states bear responsibility to protect herd immunity as a common good.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study among healthcare and non-healthcare students in slovenia and croatia about do-not resuscitate decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Jure PUC ◽  
Petra Obadić ◽  
Vanja Erčulj ◽  
Ana Borovečki ◽  
Štefan Grosek
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective To survey university students on their views concerning the respect for autonomy of patients and the best interest of patients in relation to the withholding of resuscitation. Methods A cross-sectional survey among university students of medicine, nursing, philosophy, law and theology of the first and the final study years at the University of Ljubljana and the University of Zagreb was conducted during the academic year of 2016/2017. A questionnaire constructed by Janiver et al. presenting clinical case vignettes was used. Results The survey response rates for students in Ljubljana and Zagreb were 45.4% (512 students) and 37.9% (812 students), respectively. The results of our research show statistically significant differences in do-not resuscitate decisions in different cases between medical and non-medical students in both countries. Male and religious students in both countries have lower odds of respecting relatives’ wishes for the withholding of resuscitation (odds ratio 0.49–0.54; 95% confidence interval). All students agreed that they would first resuscitate children if they had to prioritize among patients. Conclusions Our study clearly shows that gender, religious beliefs, and type of study are important factors associated with the decisions pertaining to the respect for autonomy, patient’s best interest, and initiation or withholding of resuscitation.

Surgeon, Media, Society, Patient

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-225
Author(s):  
Brett Lunceford
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Society ◽  
Ethical Failures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

For many, cosmetic surgery holds the promise that one can reshape his or her body to remove perceived defects and thus have a more perfect body. However, the decision to undergo elective cosmetic surgery is not made in a vacuum, and it is easy to overlook the full range of ethical considerations surrounding cosmetic surgery. Many medical ethicists subscribe to an ethical code that centers mainly on the relationship between the doctor and patient, with a focus on respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. This chapter builds on this framework by extending the scope of actors to include not only the surgeon and the patient but also the media and the overall society. To illustrate this framework, the author uses the example of actress Heidi Montag, who underwent 10 different plastic surgery procedures in one day. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential correctives for ethical failures in each of these areas.

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