Speaker-specific intonational marking of narrow focus in Egyptian Arabic

This chapter deals with the sedentary dialects of Egypt, excluding the bedouin dialects of Sinai and the Libyan bedouin dialects on the Mediterranean coast. It attempts to combine historical information on the settlement of Arabic tribes in Egypt with accounts of present-day Egyptian dialects and those of the regions from which those tribes came, initially Yemen and the Levant, later Hejaz, and then the Maghreb. The diversity of the Egyptian Arabic dialect area is partly explained by external factors, namely different layers of arabization over centuries. It is also explained by internal factors, namely dialect contact, which implies phenomena such as hyperdialectisms. Egypt is seen as a dialect area in its own right, but one that shows phenomena of a transitional area between the Arab East and West. A case study of Alexandria deals with dialect death. The role of substrata is discussed, but is considered negligible.

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Reframing ‘integration’: acknowledging and addressing five core critiques

Comparative Migration Studies ◽

10.1186/s40878-021-00226-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Spencer ◽

Katharine Charsley

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Recent Criticism ◽

Heuristic Model ◽

Migration Studies ◽

Methodological Nationalism ◽

Narrow Focus ◽

The Subject ◽

The Rich ◽

Definition Of

AbstractEmpirical and theoretical insights from the rich body of research on ‘integration’ in migration studies have led to increasing recognition of its complexity. Among European scholars, however, there remains no consensus on how integration should be defined nor what the processes entail. Integration has, moreover, been the subject of powerful academic critiques, some decrying any further use of the concept. In this paper we argue that it is both necessary and possible to address each of the five core critiques on which recent criticism has focused: normativity; negative objectification of migrants as ‘other’; outdated imaginary of society; methodological nationalism; and a narrow focus on migrants in the factors shaping integration processes. We provide a definition of integration, and a revised heuristic model of integration processes and the ‘effectors’ that have been shown to shape them, as a contribution to a constructive debate on the ways in which these challenges for empirical research can be overcome.

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Elucidating the Complex Interactions between Stress and Epileptogenic Pathways

Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1155/2011/461263 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aaron R. Friedman ◽

Luisa P. Cacheaux ◽

Sebastian Ivens ◽

Daniela Kaufer

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Narrow Focus ◽

Analytical Tools

Clinical and experimental data suggest that stress contributes to the pathology of epilepsy. We review mechanisms by which stress, primarily via stress hormones, may exacerbate epilepsy, focusing on the intersection between stress-induced pathways and the progression of pathological events that occur before, during, and after the onset of epileptogenesis. In addition to this temporal nuance, we discuss other complexities in stress-epilepsy interactions, including the role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuron-glia interactions, and inflammatory/cytokine pathways that may be protective or damaging depending on context. We advocate the use of global analytical tools, such as microarray, in support of a shift away from a narrow focus on seizures and towards profiling the complex, early process of epileptogenesis, in which multiple pathways may interact to dictate the ultimate onset of chronic, recurring seizures.

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