scholarly journals The value of anti-epileptic therapy as a prophylactic factor for seizures in the management of moderate traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. FSO622
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Faropoulos ◽  
Demosthenes Makris ◽  
George Fotakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Group B

Aim: The value of anti-epileptic therapy in the prophylaxis of post-traumatic seizures. Patients & methods: All patients received a standard anti-epileptic drug (AED) and were divided into two groups: Group A -with early AED and Group B -with late AED. Results: Patients (871/1062) met the inclusion criteria. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that computer tomography findings, headache and prior history of brain head injury were independent risk factors of seizures. Only late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) was significantly associated with AED (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Early treatment with AED seems to not affect the incidence of lPTS. In addition, an AED with a mean time of initiation of 7.5 days from the moderate traumatic brain injury occurrence could reduce the lPTS incidence.

scholarly journals Blue-wavelength light therapy for post-traumatic brain injury sleepiness, sleep disturbance, depression, and fatigue: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246172
Author(s):  
Karan Srisurapanont ◽  
Yanisa Samakarn ◽  
Boonyasit Kamklong ◽  
Phichayakan Siratrairat ◽  
Arina Bumiputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Blue Wavelength ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Wavelength Light ◽  
Quality Evidence

Objective This review aimed to determine the efficacy of blue-wavelength light therapy (BWLT) for post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) sleepiness, sleep disturbance, depression, and fatigue. Methods Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, and CINAHL. Included trials were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BWLT in adults with a history of TBI. Outcomes of interest included sleepiness, sleep disturbance, depression, or fatigue. Two reviewers independently screened the searched items, selected the trials, extracted the data, and rating the quality of trials. We aggregated the data using a random-effect, frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA). Results We searched the databases on July 4, 2020. This review included four RCTs of 117 patients with a history of TBI who were randomized to received BWLT, amber light therapy (ALT), or no light therapy (NLT). Moderate-quality evidence revealed that: i) BWLT was significantly superior to NLT in reducing depression (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.43) ii) BWLT reduced fatigue at a significantly greater extent than NLT (SMD = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.41 to 1.76) and ALT (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.14 to 1.86). Low-quality evidence suggested that BWLT reduced depression at a greater extent than ALT (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.04 to 1.10). Low-quality evidence found that the dropout rates of those receiving BWLT and ALT were not significantly different (RR = 3.72, 95% CI = 0.65 to 21.34). Conclusion Moderate-quality evidence suggests that BWLT may be useful for post-TBI depression and fatigue.

Economies of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-177
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

This chapter explores the mediation of combat trauma and the reshaping of the people who have experienced it into receptacles for gratitude, pity, and anger. Building from a brief history of PTSD and TBI as diagnostic categories and objects of administrative calculation, the chapter explores how these conditions have become sites of affective investment. Reflecting on the ubiquitous mandate to ‘say thank you to the troops,’ the chapter historicizes the militarization of gratitude. This informs the subsequent analysis of the work of various charitable organizations for veterans. The chapter then analyzes the exacting standards by which the Department of Defense awards Purple Hearts for Traumatic Brain Injury (but refuses them for PTSD). In contrast to the DoD’s decidedly unsympathetic approach to PTSD, David Finkel’s bestselling non-fiction account Thank You for Your Service tracks how PTSD plays out, often violently, in domestic spaces. That book makes PTSD visible through intensely emotional scenes, while research efforts to make TBI clinically legible search for specific signs of the injury on posthumously donated brain tissue. The concluding section offers a different vantage on TBI, reflecting on veterans’ own efforts to make their brains visible to others.

scholarly journals Prior History of Traumatic Brain Injury Among Persons in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1940-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Corrigan ◽  
Jennifer Bogner ◽  
Dave Mellick ◽  
Tamara Bushnik ◽  
Kristen Dams-O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
National Database ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Model ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
History Of

820 An Unusual Case of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Kleine-Levin Syndrome with Anti-GAD-65 Autoantibodies

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A320-A320
Author(s):  
Caroline Tse ◽  
Emmanuel Mignot ◽  
Miranda Lim
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gad 65

Abstract Introduction Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) is a rare clinical syndrome, and is precipitated by traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 9% of cases. An autoimmune component to KLS has previously been suggested. Autoantibody profiles in KLS are diverse and its overlap with autoimmune encephalitis is still not well described or understood. Here, a case of KLS in a patient with autoimmune diabetes with very high levels of serum autoimmune GAD-65 antibodies is presented. Report of case(s) A 36-year-old male Veteran with a history of alpha-thalassemia minor, prior history of insomnia with nightly sleep of 6 hours, prior history of mild OSA with AHI of 5.8 on PSG in 2018, sustained a mild TBI on 11/13/2019 after a 50-pound box fell on his head. CT head and cervical spine were normal. One week later, he developed recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, sleeping up to 80 hours continuously, waking briefly only to urinate or eat, with hyperphagia, irritability, and derealization present during episodes. One month after the TBI, he was diagnosed with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) after blood glucose was found to be elevated at 566. Serum GAD-65 antibody level was very elevated at 10,594 U/mL (ref range: 0–5 U/mL), hemoglobin a1c was 7.7%, and insulin was started. Six months later, he was evaluated in the VA Sleep Clinic for continued hypersomnia, despite controlled diabetes. Neurological examination, MRI brain, and sleep-deprived EEG were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid testing was normal, with the exception of a CSF autoimmune encephalitis panel with a positive GAD-65 titer of 0.24 nmol/L (range &lt;0.02 nmol/L) – non-diagnostic for autoimmune encephalitis. HLA-DQ1B status is pending. Conclusion Autoimmunity is an emerging topic of clinical significance in KLS. GAD-65 serum antibodies have both endocrine and neurologic significance, with high levels seen in autoimmune diabetes, encephalitis, stiff-person syndrome, and cerebellar ataxia. An autoantibody panel can be considered in patients with KLS, as the presence of autoimmune encephalitis may support the use of immunotherapy. Support (if any) Portland VA Research Foundation to Dr. Lim. The contents do not represent the views of the United States Government.

Current health status and history of traumatic brain injury among Ohio adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Manchester ◽  
John D. Corrigan ◽  
Bhavna Singichetti ◽  
Lihong Huang ◽  
Jennifer Bogner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionLifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) is prevalent in 21% of adult, non-institutionalised residents of Ohio. Prior history has been associated with lower incomes, inability to work and disability. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between lifetime history and adverse health conditions.MethodsData came from the 2014 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System, which included a state-specific module eliciting lifetime history of TBI.ResultsNon-institutionalised adults living in Ohio who have had at least one TBI with LOC were more likely to report fair or poor health, more days of poor health, more days when poor health limited activities, being diagnosed with a chronic condition and having less than 7 hours of sleep per night. The relationship with increasing number of TBIs was monotonic, with the likelihood of adverse health increasing as the number increased. A similar relationship was observed for increasing severity of the worst lifetime TBI. Experiencing a first TBI before age 15 was associated with poorer health but was not statistically different than incurring a first after age 15.ConclusionsAdults who have experienced TBI with LOC in their lifetime are two to three times more likely to experience adverse health conditions when compared with same age-matched, sex-matched and race-matched adults without such history. These findings support re-examining the public health burden of TBI in light of lifetime exposure and not just the consequences of an index injury.

The Starship Post-Traumatic Amnesia Scale: Does It Predict Outcome After Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Aged 3 to 7 Years?

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Thickpenny-Davis ◽  
Jenni A. Ogden ◽  
Kris Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Visuospatial Processing ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Gcs Score

AbstractThis study assesses whether the Starship Post-Traumatic Amnesia scale, developed for children aged 3 to 7 years, can predict neuropsychological impairment and behavioural outcome following mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Participants are 19 children aged from 3 to 7 years with a GCS score of >13, and a PTA of 0–3 days. Neuropsychological outcome is measured by the NEPSY, and behavioural outcome by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) two months after the TBI. The duration of PTA contributed to the prediction of scores on the NEPSY memory and learning domain. In all cases the longer the duration of PTA, the poorer the memory scores were. The duration of PTA did not contribute to the prediction of NEPSY visuospatial processing or attention and executive functions domain scores, or to any of the CBCL scores. This preliminary study suggests that the Starship PTA scale has good sensitivity for this very young age group, even when the TBI is mild.

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