scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Adhesion Site Protein Upregulation in Small Airways, Type 2 Pneumocytes, and Alveolar Macrophages of Smokers and COPD – Possible Implications for Interstitial Fibrosis

2022 ◽  
Vol Volume 17 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Samuel James Brake ◽  
Mathew Suji Eapen ◽  
Kielan Darcy McAlinden ◽  
James Markos ◽  
Greg Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Adhesion Site

Abstract 370: Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with the Exacerbation of Heart Failure via Increasing Myocardial NAD(P)H Oxidase-Derived Superoxide Production

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Kinugawa ◽  
Shouji Matsushima ◽  
Takashi Yokota ◽  
Yukihiro Ohta ◽  
Naoki Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Lv Remodeling

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) adversely affects the outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with the development of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure. NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide (O 2 − ) production is increased in DM. However, its pathophysiological significance in advanced post-MI LV failure associated with DM remains unestablished. We thus determined whether an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase activation, apocynin, could attenuate the exacerbated LV remodeling and heart failure after MI in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice with DM. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed on either HFD or normal diet (ND) for 8 weeks. At 4 weeks of feeding, MI was created in all mice by ligating left coronary artery. MI mice were treated with either apocynin (10 mmol/l in drinking water; n = 10 for ND and n = 11 for HFD) or vehicle (n = 15 for ND and n = 13 for HFD). HFD significantly increased body weight (BW), adipose tissue mass, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels compared to ND after 4 and 8 weeks. HFD + MI had significantly greater LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; 5.7 ± 0.1 vs. 5.3 ± 0.2 mm) by echocardiography, end-diastolic pressure (EDP; 12 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 1 mmHg) and lung weight/tibial length (10.1 ± 0.3 vs. 8.7 ± 0.7 mg/mm) than ND + MI, which was accompanied by an increased interstitial fibrosis of non-infarcted LV. Treatment of HFD + MI with apocynin significantly decreased LVEDD (5.4 ± 0.1 mm), LVEDP (9.7 ± 0.8 mmHg), lung weight/tibial length (9.0 ± 0.3 mg/mm), and concomitantly interstitial fibrosis of non-infarcted LV to ND + MI level without affecting BW, glucose metabolism, infarct size and aortic pressure. On the other hand, treatment of ND + MI with apocynin did not affect LV remodeling and failure. NAD(P)H oxidase activity, O 2 − production measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were increased in non-infarcted LV tissues from HFD + MI, all of which were also attenuated by apocynin to ND + MI level. Type 2 DM was associated with the exacerbation of LV remodeling and failure after MI via increasing NAD(P)H oxidase derived O 2 − production, which may be a novel important therapeutic target in advanced heart failure with DM.

Lung Pathology in Premature Infants with Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Viscardi ◽  
Winston M. Manimtim ◽  
Chen-Chih J. Sun ◽  
Lynn Duffy ◽  
Gail H. Cassell
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tnf Α

Respiratory tract colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum in preterm infants has been associated with a higher incidence of pneumonia, severe respiratory failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and death. In this report, we characterize the lung pathology and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) associated with U. urealyticum pneumonia in very low–birth weight infants (VLBW; ≤1500 g). Lung pathology of archived autopsy specimens was retrospectively reviewed in three groups of VLBW infants: 5 gestational controls who died from nonpulmonary causes, 13 infants with pneumonia who were culture and/or PCR negative for U. urealyticum, and 5 infants with pulmonary disease and positive for U. urealyticum by tracheal aspirate and/or lung tissue culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Presence and extent of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, as well as interstitial lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis were evaluated. PCR was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections. Additional sections were immunostained for TNF-α. The peripheral total white blood cell counts and absolute neutrophil counts were three-fold higher in infants with U. urealyticum pneumonia than cell counts in infants infected with other organisms. There was a trend toward a predominance of neutrophils in alveoli of non- Ureaplasma pneumonia infants, but a trend toward a predominance of alveolar macrophages in U. urealyticum–infected infants. The most striking finding was the presence of increased interstitial fibrosis in all Ureaplasma-inf ected infants. TNF-α immunoreactive cell density was very low in the gestational controls, but increased in both pneumonia groups. We conclude that persistent lung U. urealyticum infection may contribute to chronic inflammation and early fibrosis in the preterm lung.

Changes in lung mechanics and reactivity with age after viral bronchiolitis in beagle puppies

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2034-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Quan ◽  
R. J. Lemen ◽  
M. L. Witten ◽  
D. L. Sherrill ◽  
R. Grad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Airways Inflammation

We measured changes with growth in lung function and airway reactivity after acute canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (CPI2, n = 5), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2, n = 7), and sequential CAV2-CPI2 (n = 6) infections or no infection (controls, n = 6) in beagle puppies (age approximately 79 days). In the CPI2 and CAV2 groups, a lower respiratory illness developed by day 3 postinfection with clinical recovery by day 14. In the CAV2-CPI2 group, puppies were inoculated initially with CAV2 and 12 days later with CPI2. In this group, illness persisted until day 14 after infection with CPI2. Lung resistance (RL), dynamic (Cdyn) and static (Cst) lung compliance, functional residual capacity (FRC), and responsiveness to aerosolized histamine were measured before infection and at periodic intervals until 239 +/- 43 days of age. Lung function data were analyzed using a longitudinal random effects model. In all groups, FRC, Cst, and Cdyn increased with age. In all infected groups, the regression slopes for Cdyn were steeper than in controls. RL decreased linearly with age without group slope differences. Histamine reactivity increased with age, but there were no differences in slope among groups. Lung pathological studies showed areas of obliterative bronchiolitis and chronic small airways inflammation particularly in the CAV2 and CAV2-CPI2 groups. Thus, viral bronchiolitis produces chronic small airways inflammation in beagle puppies and alters the changes in lung function occurring with growth. Histamine reactivity increases with age and is not modified by viral infection.

scholarly journals The Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Eplerenone Suppresses Interstitial Fibrosis in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Marie Louise Johansen ◽  
Jaime Ibarrola ◽  
Amaya Fernández-Celis ◽  
Morten Schou ◽  
Mette Pauli Sonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Proteomic analysis of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with porcine circovirus type 2

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3258-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Cheng ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wentao Li ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yingyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus

scholarly journals The effect of infection order of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on dually infected swine alveolar macrophages

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Hui-Wen Chang ◽  
Chian-Ren Jeng ◽  
Tsang-Long Lin ◽  
Chun-Ming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES CONTRIBUTE TO APOPTOSIS IN ALVEOLAR TYPE 2 EPITHELIAL CELLS FOLLOWING BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA

Shock ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
D.H. Seitz ◽  
M. Perl ◽  
S. Mangold ◽  
M.G. Bachem ◽  
S. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Blunt Chest Trauma ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Alveolar Type

scholarly journals STING activation in alveolar macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells suppresses IL-33-driven type 2 immunopathology

JCI Insight ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li She ◽  
Gema D. Barrera ◽  
Liping Yan ◽  
Hamad Hazzaa Alanazi ◽  
Edward G. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Group 2
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