Magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Its Resistance to Rifampicin Using Xpert-MTB/RIF Assay Among Presumptive Tuberculosis Patients at Motta General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

There is significant research in the role of interleukins in lung disease, as the cytokines are important mediators in the host response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Plasma from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and healthy controls were investigated for their content of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme immunoassay after lipid extraction in the case of LTB4 while GM-CSF was measured by enzyme amplified sensitive immunoassay. Significantly elevated concentrations of IL-6 were found in far-advanced lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, P < 0·05. However, nonsignificant increases of IL-6 were obtained in moderate lesions and minimal lesions compared to normal healthy subjects. Marked elevations of LTB4 were found in TB patients, the highest values being shown in patients with far-advanced lesions followed by moderately advanced and minimal lesions in relation to the mean value for normal healthy controls, P < 0·001 for all groups. 93% of the tuberculosis patients showed a higher level of LTB4 above the upper limit of the control group. In contrast there was no significant increase of GM-CSF in any of the TB subgroups. These results suggest that LTB4 and the interleukins may play a role in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

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Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562016000000001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 348-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pedro Daibert de Navarro ◽

Isabela Neves de Almeida ◽

Afrânio Lineu Kritski ◽

Maria das Graças Ceccato ◽

Mônica Maria Delgado Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Inhaled Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Study Results

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Results: A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Conclusions: Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system.

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Transmission Dynamics in Tuberculosis Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Observational Studies

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1146 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Martinez ◽

Henok Woldu ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

Benjamin D Hallowell ◽

Maria Eugenia Castellanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Index Cases

Abstract Background There are large knowledge gaps on the transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in settings where both tuberculosis and HIV are endemic. We aimed to assess the infectiousness of tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV. Methods We systematically searched for studies of contacts of both HIV-positive and negative tuberculosis index cases. Our primary outcome was Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in contacts. Data on sputum smear and lung cavitation status of index cases was extracted from each study to assess effect modification. Secondary outcomes included prevalent tuberculosis and HIV in contacts of HIV-positive and negative index cases. Results Of 5,255 original citations identified, 32 studies met inclusion criteria including 25 studies investigating M. tuberculosis infection (Nparticipants=36,893), 13 on tuberculosis (Nparticipants=18,853), and 12 on HIV positivity (Nparticipants=18,424). Risk of M. tuberculosis infection was lower in contacts of HIV-positive index cases (Odds Ratio [OR], 0.67, 95% CI, 0.58–0.77) but was heterogeneous (I2=75.1%). Two factors modified this relationship: the lung cavitary status of the index case and immunosuppression (measured through CD4 counts or HIV or AIDS diagnoses) among index patients living with HIV. Rates of HIV were consistently higher in contacts of coinfected index cases (OR, 4.9, 95% CI, 3.0–8.0). This was modified by whether the study was in sub-Saharan Africa (OR, 2.8, 1.6–4.9) or in another global region (OR, 9.8, 5.9–16.3). Conclusions Tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV are less infectious than HIV-uninfected cases when they have severe immunosuppression or paucibacillary disease. Contacts of coinfected index cases are almost five times more likely to also have HIV.

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Two-Hit in vitro T-Cell Stimulation Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in QuantiFERON Negative Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy Contacts From Ghana

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2019.01518 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ernest Adankwah ◽

Christian Lundtoft ◽

Alptekin Güler ◽

Kees L. M. C. Franken ◽

Tom H. M. Ottenhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

T Cell ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Cell Stimulation ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

T Cell Stimulation

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Altered Microbial Composition of Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant TB Patients Compared with Healthy Volunteers

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1762

Author(s):

Fernanda Valdez-Palomares ◽

Marcela Muñoz Torrico ◽

Berenice Palacios-González ◽

Xavier Soberón ◽

Eugenia Silva-Herzog

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

And Function

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has three discernible outcomes: active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis, or clearance of the bacterium. The outcome of the infection depends on the interaction of the bacterium, the immune system, and the microbiome of the host. The current study uses 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the diversity and composition of the respiratory microbiome of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients as well as healthy volunteers. Tuberculosis patients exhibited increased microbial diversity and differentially abundant bacteria than healthy volunteers. Compositional differences were also observed when comparing drug-sensitive or -resistant tuberculosis patients. Finally, we defined and assessed the differences in the core sputum microbiota between tuberculosis patients and healthy volunteers. Our observations collectively suggest that in sputum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is related to altered bacterial diversity and compositional differences of core members of the microbiome, with potential implications for the bacterial pulmonary ecosystem’s stability and function.

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