The sustained effect (12 months) of a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation procedure for meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye

Abstract Purpose To compare the levels of inflammatory molecules in tear samples between patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related evaporative dry eye (EDE) and healthy subjects and to analyze the correlations between the levels of tear inflammatory molecules and ocular surface parameters. Methods A total of 30 MGD-related EDE patients (48 eyes) and ten healthy volunteers (15 eyes) were enrolled. Dry eye-related examinations and questionnaires were obtained from all participants. The levels of nine inflammatory molecules were determined through multiplex bead analysis. Results Inflammatory molecules including ICAM-1, IFN-γ, CXCL8/IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12p70 were detected in 100% of the patients, while IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-10 were detected in 56.25%, 13.60% and 45.83% of the patients, respectively. Moreover, ICAM-1, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IFN-γ were detected in 86.67–100% of the healthy subjects, and the detection rates of IL-10, IL-1α and IL-1β were below 50%. The levels of IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ and ICAM-1 were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group. In addition, IL-8 and IL-6 were negatively correlated with Schirmer I test. Besides, IFN-γ was negatively correlated with tear film breakup time. Furthermore, ICAM-1 and IL-6 were positively correlated with meibography score. Conclusions Collectively, patients with MGD-related EDE had higher levels of inflammatory molecules in their tears, and some molecules were correlated with ocular surface parameters. These findings suggested that inflammation played an important role in MGD-related EDE, and several inflammatory molecules could be used in the diagnosis and the treatment of MGD-related EDE.

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Focused ultrasound stimulation on meibomian glands for the treatment of evaporative dry eye

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/15353702211052035 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153537022110520

Author(s):

Gengxi Lu ◽

Sumanth Gollapudi ◽

Runze Li ◽

Margaret L Pfeiffer ◽

Preeya Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Layer Thickness ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Focused Ultrasound ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Lipid Layer ◽

Mean Values ◽

Ultrasound Stimulation ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Meibomian Glands

Current treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction have several limitations, creating a necessity for other advanced treatment options. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of focused ultrasound stimulation for the treatment of dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction. An in vivo study of nine Dutch Belted rabbits was conducted with focused ultrasound stimulation of the meibomian glands. A customized line-focused ultrasonic transducer was designed for treatment. Fluorescein imaging, Schirmer’s test, and Lipiview II ocular interferometer were used to quantify outcomes from three aspects: safety, tear production, and lipid layer thickness. Both tear secretion and lipid layer thickness improved following ultrasound treatment. Five to 10 min after the ultrasound treatment, the mean values of lipid layer thickness increased from 55.33 ± 11.15 nm to 95.67 ± 22.77 nm ( p < 0.05), while the mean values measured with the Schirmer’s test increased from 2.0 ± 2.3 to 7.2 ± 4.3 ( p < 0.05). Positive effects lasted more than three weeks. Adverse events such as redness, swelling, and mild burn, occurred in two rabbits in preliminary experiments when the eyelids sustained a temperature higher than 42°C. No serious adverse events were found. The results suggest that ultrasound stimulation of meibomian glands can improve both tear production and lipid secretion. Ultimately, ultrasound stimulation has the potential to be an option for the treatment of evaporative dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction.

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Treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye symptoms with a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1097/icu.0000000000000165 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 306-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Caroline A. Blackie ◽

Alan N. Carlson ◽

Donald R. Korb

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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Biofilm Theory for Lid Margin and Dry Eye Disease

Ocular Surface Diseases - Some Current Date on Tear Film Problem and Keratoconic Diagnosis ◽

10.5772/intechopen.89969 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Vincent ◽

Jose Quintero ◽

Henry D. Perry ◽

James M. Rynerson

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Disease Process ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Structure Damage ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye

Blepharitis and dry eye disease have long been viewed as two distinct diseases with overlapping presentations and separate etiologies. Evaporative dry eye, although frequently associated with aqueous deficiency, is also considered a separate entity. We propose viewing dry eye, both evaporative and insufficiency, as the natural sequelae of chronic blepharitis induced by biofilm. We suggest describing this one chronic disease as dry eye blepharitis syndrome (DEBS). The disease process begins when normal flora bacteria colonize the lid margin beginning shortly after birth. This colonization accompanies the development of a biofilm on the lid margin. As years pass, the biofilm matures, and the increased bacterial population initiates the production of inflammatory virulence factors, such as exotoxins, cytolytic toxins, and super-antigens, which persist on the lid margin for the rest of the patient’s life. These virulence factors cause early follicular inflammation and later, meibomian gland dysfunction followed by aqueous insufficiency, and finally, after many decades, loss of the dense collagen in the tarsal plate. We proposed four stages of DEBS, which correlate with the clinical manifestations of folliculitis (anterior blepharitis), meibomitis (meibomian gland dysfunction), lacrimalitis (aqueous deficiency), and lid structure damage evidenced by increased lid laxity resulting in entropion, ectropion, and floppy eyelid syndrome.

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Randomised controlled trial of topical antibacterial Manuka (Leptospermum species) honey for evaporative dry eye due to meibomian gland dysfunction

Clinical and Experimental Optometry ◽

10.1111/cxo.12524 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 603-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julie M Albietz ◽

Katrina L Schmid

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Topical Antibacterial ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Correlation of Chronic Smoking with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction – A Study at Wardha, Maharashtra, India

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 1382-1386

Author(s):

Swapneel Mathurkar ◽

Sachin Daigavane ◽

Madhumita Prasad ◽

Kervi Mehta

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Glandular Secretion ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Chronic Smoking

BACKGROUND Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the causes of evaporative dry eye disease. It is the terminal duct obstruction of the Meibomian gland and is associated with glandular secretion changes. These changes lead to decreased amount of lipids secretion which accounts for instability of tear film leading to evaporative dry eye disease. Chronic smoking also causes irritative, burning eyes along with unstable tear film. We wanted to study the corelation of chronic smoking with Meibomian gland dysfunction. METHODS This is a hospital based observational cross-sectional study that enrolled a total of 100 subjects having Meibomian gland disease (MGD), out of whom 61 were smokers and 39 were non-smokers. All enrolled subjects underwent tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT) and slit-lamp microscope examination of lid margin abnormalities, Meibomian gland expression as well as meibum. RESULTS Our study found that the patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction with the history of chronic smoking had a remarkably decreased value of tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s 1 Test which explains the dry eye symptoms as compared to MGD patients without smoking. No significant differences were seen in lid margin irregularity and meibum secretion. Meibomitis is found in 29 smokers with MGD and 5 non-smokers with MGD which is not significant. CONCLUSIONS Chronic smoking is associated with MGD. KEY WORDS Cigarette Smoking, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, Tear Film Tests

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Improvement of Evaporative Dry Eye With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Model Mice by Treatment With Ophthalmic Solution Containing Mineral Oil

Translational Vision Science & Technology ◽

10.1167/tvst.10.4.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Keisuke Watanabe ◽

Masataka Yoshida ◽

Takashi Okumura ◽

Takayuki Sassa ◽

Akio Kihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ophthalmic Solution ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye

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Pediatric Chalazion Case Report

Journal of Dry Eye Disease ◽

10.22374/jded.v1i1.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. e28-e31

Author(s):

Liem Hieu Nguyen ◽

Edward H. Jaccoma

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Old Patients ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Meibomian Glands

Background and Objectives A chalazion, also known as a stye, is a common and chronic inflammatory problem of the eyelids where one or more Meibomian glands are blocked. Previous studies have shown that a chalazion is a sign of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye disease. The prevalence of chalazia in the pediatric population has recently been noted. In this report, we will describe two pediatric cases of chalazion that are associated with MGD and related dry eye disease. Methods This is a case report of non-genetically related 7-year-old and 16-year-old patients as they were each seen for newly developed chalazia. Results External exam in both patients showed chalazia, waxy plugs and poor Meibomian gland expression. Meibography showed shorten, truncated, and dilated Meibomian glands with rapid tear break-up times leading to the diagnosis of evaporative dry eye disease due to MGD. Conclusion These cases serve to confirm an increase in the prevalence of MGD in the pediatric population and to emphasize the need for early screening for dry eye disease. Key Words: Chalazion - Meibomian gland dysfunction - Pediatric Dry Eye Disease

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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: What Have Animal Models Taught Us?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21228822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 8822

Author(s):

Mingxia Sun ◽

Isabel Y. Moreno ◽

Michelle Dang ◽

Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Animal Models ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽

Eye Disease ◽

The Us ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye ◽

Gland Development

Studies have estimated that currently 344 million people worldwide and 16.4 million adults in the US have some form of dry eye disease (DED). It is believed that approximately 70% of DED cases are due to some form of evaporative dry eye, for which Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the major cause. Unfortunately, currently there is no effective treatment for MGD, and solely palliative care is available. Given the importance of MGD in DED, there has been a growing interest in studying Meibomian gland development, homeostasis and pathology, and, also, in developing therapies for treating and/or preventing MGD. For such, animal models have shown to be a vital tool. Much of what is known today about the Meibomian gland and MGD was learnt from these important animal models. In particular, canine and rabbit models have been essential for studying the physiopathology and progression of DED, and the mouse model, which includes different knockout strains, has enabled the identification of specific pathways potentially involved in MGD. Herein, we provide a bibliographic review on the various animal models that have been used to study Meibomian gland development, Meibomian gland homeostasis and MGD, primarily focusing on publications between 2000 and 2020.

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