scholarly journals Changes in body weight after 24 weeks of vildagliptin therapy as a function of fasting glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Blüher ◽  
Anja Schweizer ◽  
Giovanni Bader ◽  
James E Foley
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical hit of anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus on the phenolic extract of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) flesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musri Musman ◽  
Mauli Zakia ◽  
Ratu Fazlia Inda Rahmayani ◽  
Erlidawati Erlidawati ◽  
Safrida Safrida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Phenolic Extract

Abstract Background Ethnobotany knowledge in a community has shaped local wisdom in utilizing plants to treat diseases, such as the use of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica) flesh to treat type 2 diabetes. This study presented evidence that the phenolic extract of the Malaka flesh could reduce blood sugar levels in the diabetic induced rats. Methods The phenolic extract of the P. emblica was administrated to the glucose-induced rats of the Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus for 14 days of treatment where the Metformin was used as a positive control. The data generated were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA Software related to the blood glucose level and by SAS Software related to the histopathological studies at a significant 95% confidence. Results The phenolic extract with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight could reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The post hoc Dunnet test showed that the administration of the extract to the rats with a concentration of 100 mg/kg body weight demonstrated a very significant decrease in blood glucose levels and repaired damaged cells better than administering the extract at a concentration of 200 mg/kg weight body. Conclusion The evidence indicated that the phenolic extract of the Malaka flesh can be utilized as anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus without damaging other organs.

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.

Effects of Okchun-San, a herbal formulation, on blood glucose levels and body weight in a model of Type 2 diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Seog Chang ◽  
Myung Sook Oh ◽  
Do Rim Kim ◽  
Kye Jin Jung ◽  
Sunmin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Herbal Formulation

scholarly journals Genetic basis underlying connection between hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in Apoe-deficient mice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Andrew Grainger ◽  
Ani Manichaikul ◽  
Emily Farber ◽  
Suna Onengut-Gumuscu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Individuals with dyslipidemia often develop type 2 diabetes, and diabetic patients often have dyslipidemia. It remains to be determined whether there are genetic connections between the 2 disorders. A female F2 cohort, generated from BALB/cJ (BALB) and SM/J (SM) Apoe-deficient (Apoe−/−) strains, was fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after Western diet feeding. 144 genetic markers across the entire genome were used for analysis. One significant QTL on chromosome 9, named Bglu17 [26.4 cM, logarithm of odds ratio (LOD): 5.4], and 3 suggestive QTLs were identified for fasting glucose levels. The suggestive QTL near the proximal end of chromosome 9 (2.4 cM, LOD: 3.12) was detected when mice were fed chow or Western diet and named Bglu16. Bglu17 coincided with a significant QTL for HDL and a suggestive QTL for non-HDL cholesterol levels. Plasma glucose levels were inversely correlated with HDL but positively correlated with non-HDL cholesterol levels in F2 mice fed either diet. A significant correlation between fasting glucose and triglyceride levels was observed on the Western but not chow diet. Haplotype analysis revealed that ???lipid genes??? Sik3 and Apoc3 were probable candidates for Bglu17. We have identified multiple QTLs for fasting glucose and lipid levels. The colocalization of QTLs for both phenotypes and the sharing of potential causal genes suggest that dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes are genetically connected.

scholarly journals Synaptosomal Protein of 25 kDa (Snap25) Polymorphisms Associated with Glycemic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽  
Andrea S. Costa ◽  
Majed S. Alokail ◽  
Milena Zanzottera ◽  
Amal M. Alenad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Hba1c Levels

A possible role ofSnap25polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was evaluated by analyzing three SNPs within intron 1 in a region known to affect the gene expression in vitro. Genomic DNA from 1019 Saudi individuals (489 confirmed T2DM and 530 controls) was genotyped for SNPs rs363039, rs363043, and rs363050 inSnap25using the TaqMan Genotyping Assay. Significantly higher levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c were detected in T2DM patients carrying the rs363050 (AG/GG) genotypes compared to the (AA) genotype (f=4.41,df=1, andp=0.03andf=5.31,df=1, andp=0.03, resp.). In these same patients, insulin levels were significantly decreased compared to the (AA) individuals (f=7.29,df=1, andp=0.009). Significant associations were detected between rs363050 (AG/GG) genotypes and increasing fasting glucose levels (p=0.01and OR: 1.05), HbA1c levels (OR: 5.06 andp=0.02), and lower insulinemia (p=0.03and OR: 0.95) in T2DM patients. The minorSnap25rs363050 (G) allele, which results in a reduced expression ofSnap25, is associated with altered glycemic parameters in T2DM possibly because of reduced functionality in the exocytotic machinery leading to suboptimal release of insulin.

scholarly journals Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Brown AlgaEcklonia cavaCollected from Gijang, Korea, Reduces Obesity and Glucose Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Eung Hwi Kim ◽  
Mi Hwi Kim ◽  
Young Wan Seo ◽  
Jung Im Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels

Ecklonia cava (E. cava)is a brown alga that has beneficial effects in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects ofE. cavaextracts on diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been specifically examined. We investigated the effects ofE. cavaon body weight, fat content, and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mice and sought the mechanisms involved. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) diet or normal chow. After 3 weeks, the HFD diet group was given extracts (200 mg/kg) ofE. cavaharvested from Jeju (CA) or Gijang (G-CA), Korea or PBS by oral intubation for 8 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly. Blood glucose and glucose tolerance were measured at 7 weeks, and fat pad content and mRNA expression of adipogenic genes and inflammatory cytokines were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. G-CA was effective in reducing body weight gain, body fat, and hyperglycemia and improving glucose tolerance as compared with PBS-HFD mice. The mRNA expression of adipogenic genes was increased, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage marker gene was decreased in G-CA-treated obese mice. We suggest that G-CA reduces obesity and glucose levels by anti-inflammatory actions and improvement of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels and the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Mineshita ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasaki ◽  
Hyeon-ki Kim ◽  
Shigenobu Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Abstract Postprandial hyperglycemia increases the risk of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are known to be correlated. Currently, fasting blood glucose is the primary index for the clinical diagnosis of diabetes; however, postprandial blood glucose is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, the dynamic change in blood glucose levels under free-living conditions is considered an important and better marker than fasting glucose levels, to study the relationship between glucose levels and microbiota. Here, we investigated the relationship between fasting and postprandial glucose levels and microbiota under free-living conditions, for one week in the older adults. The results revealed a significant correlation between peak glucose levels after dinner and the gut bacteria, particularly, Bacteroides, Clostridiales Clostridiaceae group, Anaerostipes, Clostridiales [Mogibacteriaceae] group, Holdemania, and Bilophila. Together, these findings suggest that the glucose levels after dinner are a better predictor of microbiota conditions than fasting glucose levels.

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