scholarly journals RDT BASED DETECTION OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAG) AMONG BLOOD DONORS AT SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, SOKOTO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Isiaka Bala Barga ◽  
◽  
Aliyu Kane ◽  
Shuaibu Muhammad Gobir ◽  
Yushau Shuaibu Baraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Hepatitis B infection is a major global health problem and a potentially life-threatening infection that attacks liver cells caused by Hepatitis B virus and it is characterised by liver cirrhosis, liver scarring, liver failure or cancer of the liver as the disease progresses. This study was carried out to determine theRDT based detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) among blood donors at specialist hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State Nigeria. Two hundred (200) centrifuged sera from blood donors who have given prior verbal consent to participate in the study were screened for HBsAg using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). The result obtained shows that, 51 out of the 200 blood donors which represented (25.5%) were reactive while 149 were non-reactive. With Chi-square analysis only blood donors that are none previous blood donors showed a significant association with HBV infection, (p-value 0.05). This study however, indicates that, hepatitis B infection occurs in one out of every four blood donors. It also observed that the virus antigen is highly endemic among blood donor and these blood donors can serve as potential reservoir for the transmission of the virus to susceptible host individuals in the study area.

Province of Origin of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers Among Blood Donors in Port Moresby

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Iga ◽  
D. V. Babona ◽  
G. T. Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Port Moresby ◽  
Area Of Origin

A paper published in the Medical Journal of Australia in 1972 gave a breakdown of Port Moresby blood donors by HBS Ag carrier status and area of origin. It has lately become possible to test whether such geographical subsamples provide reliable evidence of the carrier status in the home areas, and it appears that, except for the Islands provinces, they do not. Traditional lifestyles conduce to the maintenance and spread of the virus, which is much more prevalent in the provinces than in the capital.

scholarly journals The relationship between neopterin and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Songül Ü Ünüvar ◽  
Hamza Aslanhan ◽  
Zübeyde Tanrıverdi ◽  
Fuat Karakuş
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. Neopterin is regarded as an immunologic biomarker of several diseases related to activation of the cellular immune system. Hepatitis B infection is associated with increased production of cellular immune system markers. We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between hepatitis B surface antigen-positivity (HBsAg +) and neopterin to determine the role of neopterin in the early diagnosis of hepatitis B infections. Seventy-two HBsAg (+) patients with normal liver function tests and forty-three controls were included in the study. Neopterin levels were 17.6 ± 0.13 nmol/L in HBsAg (+) patients; and 9.12 ± 0.09 nmol/L in infection-free controls, respectively. Compared to the control group, a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the serum neopterin levels of the patients was observed. No significant relationship was determined between neopterin levels and age/sex (both, p > 0.05). With overstimulation of interferon-gamma, the production of neopterin increases by monocytes/macrophages. Likewise with other diseases associated with an activated cellular immune system, this study shows that neopterin can be a predictive biomarker for persistent carriers of hepatitis B infection.

Prevention of Hepatitis B Infection in Newborns Through Mass Screening and Delayed Vaccination of All Infants of Mothers With Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048
Author(s):  
Solko W. Schalm ◽  
J. Adriaan Mazel ◽  
Gijsbert C. de Gast ◽  
Rudolf A. Heijtink ◽  
Meindert J. Botman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Large City ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Active Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Beginning in 1982 all pregnant women undergoing prenatal routine blood analysis in three large city hospitals and one large rural area were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Infants of all HBsAg-positive mothers received hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg), 0.5 mL/kg of body weight within two hours of birth and, after randomization, 10 µg of hepatitis B vaccine either at 0, 1, 2, and 11 months of age (schedule A) or at 3, 4, 5, and 11 months of age (schedule B). A second injection of HBIg (1 mL) was given to infants on schedule B at 3 months of age. Blood samples were obtained at 3, 6, 11, 12, 24, and 36 months. In a two-year period, 28,412 pregnant women were tested for HBsAg; screening efficiency varied between 85% and 98%. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.8%, with a marked variation between urban centers (2.2%) and the rural area (0.3%). Vaccinations were received by 180 of 193 infants of HBsAg-positive mothers (90 on schedule A and 90 on schedule B). Concentrations of hepatitis B surface antibody less than 10 IU/L were observed in nine instances in five children from group A and in seven instances in six children from group B. Four hepatitis B viral infections (two HBsAg carriers, two who underwent antihepatitis B core seroconversions) were recorded in group A v one infection (antihepatitis B core seroconversion) in group B. The protective efficacy of the program (screening plus passive immunization and delayed vaccination) was 94%. The estimated cost of preventing one case of hepatitis B infection in neonates was $3,000 (US currency). It is concluded that screening all pregnant women for HBsAg can be introduced effectively at reasonable costs in a country with a low prevalence of HBsAg and a high proportion of home deliveries. Delayed active vaccination starting at 3 months of age may be an effective and, for reasons of high compliance and low cost, attractive alternative to early active vaccination.

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