scholarly journals POLLUTION HAZARDS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH FROM THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN CAMBERENE, SENEGAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 946-953
Author(s):  
Mamoudou Sall ◽  
◽  
Prince Momar Gueye ◽  
Abdou Ciss Wade ◽  
Alassane Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Sludge Ash

Solid wastes and their by-products are gaining interest worldwide given their high environmental impact. Fly ash and Bottom ash from Camberene sludge waste center (Senegal) were characterized to assess the heavy metal contamination (using XRF and the Toxicological Risk) that is very important in type 1 unlike in type 2. The Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), the Pollution load index (PLI), the Enrichment factor (EF) and Contamination factor (CF) have been computed to evaluate the contamination rate. These show that the fly ash has aIgeo value of 3.57 for Pb and 3.04 for As which means they are very polluted. For Cu we have an Igeo value of 4.23 and for Zn it is 4.67 so these ashes are strongly to extremely polluted by Cu and Zn but unpolluted to moderately polluted by Cr. For the bottom ashes we have Igeo values of 3.03 for Cu and 3.02 for Zn, to say they are also strongly polluted. However, they are not polluted by Cr and are only moderately polluted by Pb and As results confirmed by the EF calculation. Fine and dirty ashes have significantly been enriched by the metal As with an EF of 13.71 while for Pb its EF is 19.10 for the fine ash. As for the bottom ash we have respectively 7.26 and 5.19 for the EF of As and Pb. From the values of PLI these ashes are very highly polluted. Their possible dangerousness depends essentially on their heavy metal contents (criterion H14 of Directive 91 / 689 / EEC). In this Directive the material is toxic if its content in heavy metal is higher to some thresholds (see Annex III, Table 6). Most of their heavy metal contents are below the threshold in Annex III, indicating their harmlessness. This analysis highlighted the principal characteristics to be taken into account before using the SSA properly.

Environmental Susceptibility: Soil Contamination of Heavy Metals in the Territory of E-Waste Recycling Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Gangwar ◽  
Aprajita Singh ◽  
Raina Pal ◽  
Atul Kumar ◽  
Saloni Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Physiological Analysis

E-waste is a popular name given to those electronic products nearing the end of their useful life which has become a major source of heavy metal contamination in soil and hence, became the global concern. Various samples of soil were collected from different sites and were determined for heavy metal analysis by the ICP-AAS after the digestion process. The main source of contamination is illegal e-waste recycling activities such as burning of PCB's acid baths etc. Different soil indices like contamination factor, I-geo, pollution load index, were calculated to determine the quality of the soil. Results indicate that e-waste recycling and industrial area are strongly contaminated by the heavy metals. Physiological analysis of soil revealed that e-waste processing and industrial activities decrease the soil pH and organic matter while enhancing the electrical conductivity of soil. The exceedance of metal contamination imposed negative impact to the soil environment and human health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Seybouse River, Guelma – Annaba, Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Talbi ◽  
Slimane Kachi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Metallic Elements

Abstract The surface sediments of Seybouse River and its affluents have been studied and assessed to determine their degree of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe). The contamination factor (CF), the contamination degree (CD) and statistical tools (correlation and APC) has been used in assessing: metal contamination, sediment toxicity and to identify the origin of metals which have enriched the sediments. Heavy metals concentrations of sediments are generally heterogeneous and vary according to the metal and the sampling site. The results have been compared to the reference values of the unpolluted sediments and have shown that Seybouse River sediments are more contaminated by Pb, Cd and Zn respectively. CF values indicate moderate to considerable contamination for most stations. CD values show that the most toxic sediments are located mainly at the estuary and downstream of large agglomerations. The matrix correlation between the metallic elements shows a very strong correlation between Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn indicating that they have a similar source. These different metallic elements appear as traces of anthropogenic pollution. Despite using wastewater treatment plants as protective measures, Seybouse River pollution is remaining a big issue and more efforts has to be done by local authorities.

scholarly journals Heavy metal pollution of street dust in the largest city of Mexico, sources and health risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi Aguilera ◽  
Francisco Bautista ◽  
Margarita Gutiérrez-Ruiz ◽  
Agueda E. Ceniceros-Gómez ◽  
Rubén Cejudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractIn large industrialized cities, tons of particles containing heavy metals are released into the environment and accumulate on street surfaces. Such particles cause a potential risk to human health due to their composition and size. The heavy metal contamination levels, main emission sources, and human health risks were identified in 482 samples of street dust. Heavy metal concentrations were obtained by microwave-assisted acid digestion and ICP-OES. The results indicated that street dust in Mexico City is contaminated mainly with Pb, Zn, and Cu, according to the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index. The pollution load index of the street dust was made with the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni. The main sources of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr are anthropic, probably due to vehicular traffic. The highest levels of Cr and Pb in urban dust represent a health risk for children. Contamination limits were proposed for heavy metals in street dust of Mexico City. These limits might be useful to generate and apply public policies to decrease anthropic emissions of the heavy metals studied, particularly Cr and Pb.

scholarly journals Pollution Load Index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya Drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad District

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Arti Yadav ◽  
Pawan Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Maximum Accumulation

Wastewater irrigation is practiced in outskirts of several cities of India. Enhanced growth and productivity of crops possess threat of heavy metal accumulation while irrigated with wastewater. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in soil flooded with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini region of Allahabad district, using parameter of contamination factor and pollution load index (PLI). Samples of soil were taken from the fields irrigated with wastewater and analyzed for heavy metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The maximum accumulation of heavy metal was observed for iron in soil. Heavy metal contamination is soil was assessed by estimation of contamination factor which was observed for Cu (0.7858), Fe (296.1864), Zn (0.4304), Pb (1.1661) and Ni (1.8912). Pollution load index (PLI) used for assessment of soil contamination and observed that maximum contamination (PLI, 74.31) was in water stressed conditions of summer. Heavy metals concentration in wastewater and accumulation in soil found within WHO limits in present study which may increase if unmanaged wastewater flooding continued.

Heavy Metal Contamination in the Floodplains Along Mula River, Pune District, Maharashtra State, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Ashwini Supekar ◽  
Ashok Issac ◽  
Ashwini Rane
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Urban Sites

Pre-urban, urban and post-urban stretch of the Mula River in Pune District of Maharashtra (India) is examined for quantification of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd), calculation of the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor (CF). They were estimated from the surface sediments (0-5 cm) at 10 sampling sites along the Mula river. High Cr anomaly (Max. 388.20 ppm) followed by Co (Max. 104.91 ppm), Ni (Max. 167.44 ppm), Cu (Max. 391.35 ppm), Zn (Max. 507.91 ppm) and Cd (Max. 2.38 ppm) is seen at various locations mostly encompassing the urban stretch. PLI is found to be high i.e., >1 in urban sites like Khadki, Kalyaninagar and Kharadi than the rural downstream sites. There is negligible mobility of the heavy metals and the urban floodplains are increasingly accumulating the heavy metals to a highly hazardous level.

scholarly journals Environmental Heavy Metal Contamination in Some Selected Cocoa Plantations in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
G. A. Adewoye ◽  
N. A. Amusa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The State ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Frequent Use

The frequent use of copper-based pesticides for the control of cocoa pests and diseases by farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria has necessitated the determination of heavy metal contamination in soil samples obtained from randomly selected cocoa plantations in Longe, Abaagbo, Sikiti, Idi-Ope, Alaagba, and Idi-Ogun in the State. Presence and quantities of copper, chromium, cadmium, manganese, lead and zinc were assayed in the collected samples. Levels of contamination of each of the soil samples were also assessed using contamination factor, degree of contamination, index of geo-accumulation and pollution load index (PLI). Results obtained from the study revealed a gradual deterioration of the analyzed cocoa soils. The PLI values also gave an indication of pollution. Cocoa farmers in the State therefore need to be properly enlightened on the use of synthetic pesticides, and be encouraged to adopt integrated pest management practices that place less emphasis on the use of chemicals.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediments of Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292093312
Author(s):  
Waseem Razzaq Khan ◽  
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli ◽  
Mohamad Roslan bin Mohamad Kasim ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Ahmad Mustapha Pazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) is one of the most productive and managed forests in the world. On the other hand, it has become a concern whether MMFR is being degraded as a result of exposure to industrial pollution. Industries located around MMFR dispose effluents contaminated by heavy metals. This study was conducted to analyze heavy metal contamination and risk assessment status in MMFR sediments. Sediment samples from six compartments were collected based on age and location of the mangrove plantation. Total metal digestion and modified sequential extraction were performed to estimate the concentration of heavy metals. Based on the estimation, risk assessment code, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and contamination factor were computed to classify the compartments according to their contamination and pollution levels. Organic matter and sediment texture (silt, clay, and sand content) were also analyzed to find its correlation with heavy metals. According to the results, high concentrations for Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium were observed in Compartment 42, while Compartment 18 and Compartment 74 showed higher concentrations for Zinc and Lead. Heavy metals showed weak positive correlation with clay and silt, but weak negative correlation with sand. For organic matter, only Zinc showed statistically significant but weak negative correlation. Risk assessment code, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and contamination factor categorized the compartments into unpolluted to moderately polluted. Based on the study outcomes, it can be concluded that MMFR, although acquiring industrial discharge, is not with a high risk of heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals INDEX MODELS ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SOIL SAMPLES OF SELECTED MOTOR PARKS WITHIN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A.I. Mohammed ◽  
A.A. Ahmed ◽  
J.U. Jibrin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat

Heavy metal pollution is a global issue of concern which results from both biogenic and anthropogenic activities. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is pertinent because of its potential threat to human health. The present study examined the concentrations, contamination and pollution load index cum ecological risk factor for some heavy metals in soil samples collected from Borno Express (BOEXP), Tashan Kano (TASKP) and Tashan Bama (TASBP) motor parks within Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria. The data obtained showed mean concentration range of 0.34 - 1.18 mg/kg, 0.04 - 0.15 mg/kg, 0.07 - 0.41 and 0.18 - 0.29 mg/kg for Zn, Cr, Cd and Cu respectively. Nonetheless, lead was not detected in any and all samples analyzed. The increasing order of concentrations in the soils followed: Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd, Cu > Cd > Zn > Cr and Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr for BOEXP, TASKP and TASBP motor parks respectively. Notwithstanding, the results showed lower concentrations to the allowable limits of World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the contamination factor of cadmium in the TASKP fell within the (0.10 – 0.25) category, indicative of slight contamination whereas in TASBP, the calculated value 0.5125 was within (0.51 -0.75) category implying severe contamination. The other heavy metals analyzed showed contamination factor as well as pollution index values < 0.1 indicative of very slight contamination.Keywords: Borno Express, Tashan Kano, Tashan Bama, Motor Parks, Contamination Index.

scholarly journals The content of copper and heavy metals in the multilayer soil mud from the Buchim lake under the Buchim mine's waste dump, Republic North Macedonia

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Todor Serafimovski ◽  
Goran Tasev ◽  
Trajce Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Target Value ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Almost All

The intense mineral extraction in mining areas during the last several decades has produced a large amount of waste material and tailings, which release toxic elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to determine in two vertical profiles/sections (1 and 2) the heavy metal contents of samples derived from six samples, three from each section located in the porphyry copper mine Buchim area, Republic North Macedonia. The results have been compared to new Dutchlist (DL) and Kabata-Pendias (KP) standards and the following was concluded: As values ranged 14.985÷60.131 mg kg-1 with 4 samples above the target value of the DL (29 mg kg-1 As) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (5 mg kg-1 As), in that context Co values ranged 11 ÷57 mg kg-1 with 6 values above the target value of the DL (9 mg kg-1 Co) and 5 above standard values given in KP value (12 mg kg-1 Co), Cr with range 29.32÷75.76 mg kg-1 with 6 over KP value (10 mg kg-1 Cr) and none above the target value of the DL (100 mg kg-1 Cr), Cu with range 2694÷6749 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (36 mg kg-1 Cu) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Cu), Ni with range 59.57÷105.98 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (35 mg kg-1 Ni) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Ni), Pb with range 27.06 ÷96.08 mg kg-1 with 1 sample above the target value of the DL (85 mg kg-1Pb) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (25 mg kg-1Pb), Zn with range 147÷273 mg kg-1 with 6 over target value of the DL (140 mg kg-1 Zn) and 6 above standard KP value (64 mg kg-1 Zn), V with range 34.44÷92.57 mg kg-1 with 5 over target value of the DL (42 mg kg-1 V) and one above KP value (90 mg kg-1 V).In order to compare the level of contamination, the contamination factor (𝐶𝑓 𝑖 ), degree of contamination (Cd), and pollution load index (PLI) were computed. Serious numbers were found for Cu, as, Zn, Co and Ni, which exceeded standard values at almost all samples from both vertical sections. Compared from section 1 and section 2, pollution load index increased by 13.43%, which in almost all samples was classified as heavily polluted to extremely polluted. The fact that mining activities at the Buchim Mine last for almost 40 years, the presence of heavy metals in soils at a serious level is understandable. The high level of contamination is a result of heavy metal persistence and non-biodegradability.

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