scholarly journals Performance of tomato rootstocks in False Root-knot Nematode (Nacobbus aberrans) infested soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1725-1731
Author(s):  
Sebastián Andrés Garita ◽  
◽  
Marcelo de Almeida Guimarães ◽  
María Cecilia Arango ◽  
Jean Paulo de Jesus Tello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nacobbus Aberrans

Genetic Diversity, Identification and Utilization of Novel Genetic Resources for Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Mulberry (Morus spp.)

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gondi S Arunakumar ◽  
Belaghihalli Nanjappa Gnanesh ◽  
Haniyambadi B Manojkumar ◽  
Doss S. Gandhi ◽  
Mogili Thallapally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Mulberry (Morus spp.) is an important crop in the sericulture industry as the leaves constitute the primary feed for the silkworm. The availability of diverse genetic sources of resistance to root- knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are very scanty and therefore, a set of 415 varied exotic and indigenous germplasm accessions were screened under glasshouse conditions. Twenty one accessions were identified as highly resistant and 48 were resistant, the highest numbers of highly resistant/resistant accessions were found in Morus alba. Further, thirty accessions based on rooting ability were evaluated for field resistance at four different locations with infested soil. Finally, eight germplasm accessions; BR-8, Karanjtoli-1, Hosur-C8, Nagalur Estate, Tippu, Calabresa, Thai Pecah and SRDC-3 were identified as potential genetic sources in RKN resistance breeding programs or as resistant rootstock for the establishment of mulberry gardens. Sixteen SSR markers analyzed among the 77 resistant and susceptible accessions, generated 55 alleles, ranging from 2 to 5 with an average of 3.43 alleles per locus. Principle coordinate analysis grouped the accessions on the basis of RKN susceptible and resistant to a greater extent. The RKN susceptible accessions exhibited higher variability as compared to resistant accessions and they were more dispersed. Analysis of molecular variance showed that maximum molecular variance (78%) within the population and 22% between populations. Results of this study indicate that SSR markers are reliable for assessing genetic variability among the RKN resistant and susceptible mulberry accessions.

Compatibility of Pasteuria penetrans with fungal parasite Paecilomyces lilacinus against root knot nematode on Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
K.K. Chaudhary ◽  
R. K. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Spore Culture

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) crop is highly susceptible for the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and every year this nematode causes great loss to the crop. The present study investigated the cumulative effect of two biocontrol agents viz. Pasteuria penetrans and Paecilomyces lilacinus against M. incognita. Two doses of P. penetrans i.e. 50g/Kg and 100g/Kg infested soil were applied either alone or in combination with two doses of P. lilacinus i.e. 4g spore culture/Kg and 6g spore culture/Kg of soil. Application of P. penetrans with P. lilacinus resulted into relatively better improvement in various growth attributes of chilli when compared with the individual application. Amongst the various treatments tested combined application with the higher dose of both bioagents (i.e. 100g P. penetrans infested soil with 6g of P. lilacinus/Kg) showed maximum improvement in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check and it was almost at par with that of the absolute check. The combined application of both the bioagents at higher dose resulted in 139 and 84% increase in dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check respectively. The combined application of both the bioagents was also observed to cause higher reduction in gall number and nematode population than their individual application except for the treatment having lower dose of the P. penetrans with P. lilacinus where reduction in both the parameters was observed to be at par with that of the either dose of P. penetrans or higher dose of P. lilacinus. Combined application with higher dose of P. penetrans and P. lilacinus showed maximum reduction of 62.6 and 82.2% in gall numbers and nematode population over the nematode check.

scholarly journals Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thligene ◽  
G. N. Mezzapesa ◽  
D. Mondelli ◽  
A. Trani ◽  
P. Veronico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Spent Grain

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on and Histopathology of the Interaction Between Meloidogyne incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola on Cotton

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Walker ◽  
T. L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
C. S. Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Node Ratio ◽  
Cotton Seeds

Controlled environments were used to study the relationship between the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and Thielaviopsis basicola on cotton. Temperature treatments were continuous 20, 24, and 28°C or two cyclic linear regimes with ranges of 14 to 32 or 18 to 28°C over 24 h. Cotton seeds were planted in fumigated soil infested with T. basicola, M. incognita, or both. After 42 days, pathogen effects on plant growth and pathogen development were evaluated. Histology was conducted on roots collected 14, 28, and 42 days after planting in the continuous 24°C treatment. Reductions in plant height-to-node ratio and total fresh weight were observed for soils infested with both pathogens compared with the control or with soils infested with either pathogen, except for M. incognita-infested soil at 28°C. T. basicola reduced root galling and reproduction of the nematode at all temperatures. Vascular discoloration caused by T. basicola was greater in the presence of M. incognita compared with that by T. basicola alone. At 2 and 4 weeks, histological studies showed that plants grown in all T. basicola-infested soils contained chlamydospore chains on the root surface and in cortical cells. The fungus was not observed inside the vascular cylinder. Roots from 4-week-old plants from soils infested with T. basicola and M. incognita showed fungal sporulation in vascular tissue and localized necrosis of vascular tissue adjacent to the nematodes. At 6 weeks, plants grown in soil infested with T. basicola alone exhibited no remaining cortical tissue and no evidence of vascular colonization by the fungus. Six-week-old plants grown in T. basicola + M. incognita-infested soils exhibited extensive vascular necrosis and sporulation within vascular tissue. These studies suggest that coinfection expands the temperature ranges at which the pathogens are able to cause plant damage. Further, M. incognita greatly increases the access of T. basicola to vascular tissue.

External secretions from the false root-knot nematode, Nacobbus aberrans

Nematologica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Evans ◽  
J. Rowe ◽  
N. VON MEN-DE ◽  
M. Gravato-Nobre ◽  
R.H. MANZANILLA-LόPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nacobbus Aberrans

scholarly journals (362) Assessment of Woody Ornamental Plants for Resistance to Three Meloidogyne Species

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025A-1025
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
Jim Rich
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Native Shrubs

Plants infected with Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes) often are stunted and lose aesthetic value due to chlorosis, wilting, and leaf margin necrosis. We assessed reproduction of three root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica, on five plant taxa native to the southeastern U.S. The plant taxa included were: Hydrangea quercifolia `Oakleaf', Viburnum obovatum `Densa', Itea virginica `Little Henry', Illicium parviflorum, and Clethra alnifolia `Ruby Spice'. Three commonly grown non-native shrubs, Ligustrum japonicum `Texanum', Ilexcrenata `Compacta', and Buxus microphylla `Wintergem', also were included in the study to serve as susceptible, positive controls. Highest gall rating (10) was observed on roots of I. crenata `Compacta' infected with M. incognita, but highest number of eggs (6397 eggs/g of roots) was observed in plants of this cultivar inoculated with M. javanica. Few or no galls were observed on roots of the five native plant taxa, and nematode eggs were recovered only from roots of I. virginica `Little Henry' inoculated with M. arenaria and M. javanica (13 and 20 eggs/g of roots, respectively). Fresh weights of shoots or roots were not affected by nematode inoculation. Due to lack of root gall development and little or no reproduction on the native taxa, we conclude that these are resistant or immune to the three species of Meloidogyne and might be suitable for planting in infested soil.

scholarly journals A Search for Resistance in Lycopersicon spp. to Nacobbus aberrans

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Veremis ◽  
G. B. Cap ◽  
P. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Nacobbus Aberrans ◽  
Lycopersicon Cheesmanii ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Accessions of Lycopersicon cheesmanii, L. chmielewskii, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, L.hirsutum, L. parviflorum, L. peruvianum, L. pennellii, L. pimpinellifolium, and three interspecific hybrids of L. peruvianum with L. esculentum, were screened for resistance to the false root-knot nematode (Nacobbus aberrans) in greenhouse tests. Variability in nematode reproduction levels was observed within L. chmielewskii accessions LA 2695 and LA 2663 in initial tests with N. aberrans from Argentina; however, interspecific hybrids of L. esculentum cv. UC-82 × L. chmielewskii LA 2695, L. esculentum cv. UC-82 × L. chmielewskii LA 2663, and all the parent plants were susceptible in subsequent tests to the isolate of N. aberrans from Argentina and to an isolate from Mexico. The interspecific hybrids that possess the gene Mi and additional novel resistance to Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes) and all other exotic tomato accessions tested were susceptible to N. aberrans in our tests. Thus, we have been unable to identify or confirm resistance to two N. aberrans isolates in a range of Lycopersicon germ plasm accessions, including those that possess genes for resistance to root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Infestation of Rice Root-Knot Nematode and Flooding on its Development and Rice Yield

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
NK Dangal ◽  
D Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
SM Shrestha ◽  
C Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Soil Infestation ◽  
Upland Condition ◽  
The Impact

A pot experiment was conducted during July-November 2006 in a glass house at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan to find out the impact of soil infestation of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield) and flooding on its development and rice yield. The experiment was conducted in a 4 factorial randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Rice cv. 'Sabitri' was sown in M. graminicola infested soil and infestation free (healthy) soil. Both beds were further divided to give wet bed (flooded) and dry bed condition. Twenty-one days old seedlings from each seedbed were transplanted into plastic pots containing 5 kg of M. graminicola infested and healthy soil each treated with lowland (continuously flooded) and upland condition. Simulated field conditions were created throughout the experiment period. Results revealed that rootknot index (RKI) and population of second stage juveniles of M. graminicola (J2) in soil and roots were significantly lower and grain yield was higher in pots containing seedlings transplanted from wet seedbed than dry bed. Lower RKI, root lesion index (RLI) and J2 population in soil and roots and higher grain yield were observed in pots containing seedlings transplanted from healthy seedbed than the nematode infested seedbed. Similarly, RKI, RLI and J2 population in soil and roots were significantly lower in simulated lowland as compared to upland condition. Transplanting on healthy soil also resulted in lower RKI, RLI and J2 population in soil and roots and higher grain yield than in the nematode infested soil. Interactions revealed that highest grain yield was obtained from seedlings grown under healthy seedbed transplanted in healthy soil under simulated lowland condition. Thus, M. graminicola infestation may be minimized by growing seedlings in healthy and wet seedbed. Seedling transplanting into M. graminicola free soil and lowland condition may be another important control measure for it. Key words: dry bed; lowland; upland; wet bed; rice root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne graminicola DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4086Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 31-36

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